Characteristics of Lower Paleozoic strike-slip faults and their significance for oil and gas exploration in Xunyi-Yijun area, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 近年来随着勘探和认识程度的加深，鄂尔多斯盆地不再被认为是“铁板”一块，盆地内多期多套断裂系统对油气成藏的控制作用越来越受重视。选取盆地南部旬邑—宜君(旬宜)地区，基于最新三维地震资料与钻井资料，应用走滑断裂理论模型，开展了断裂几何学与运动学分析，预测了断裂形成机制，并探讨了其对深层碳酸盐岩成储、成藏的控制作用。旬宜地区发育3套断裂系统，且存在深、浅层脱耦现象，下古生界走滑断裂在剖面上呈高陡直立、倾向摆动、“花”状构造等典型特征，平面上表现为“北西部挤压剪切、中部拉张剪切、主干断裂分段变形”。下古生界走滑断裂经历了两期构造活动，其中晚奥陶世至志留纪活动强度较大，为断层主要发育期，中—晚二叠世活动强度较弱，断层呈继承性走滑，形成北东、北西走向两组左行走滑断裂。鄂尔多斯盆地南部可能存在北东和北西向的基底薄弱带，加里东期Ⅱ幕洋盆俯冲闭合向盆内传递应力，斜向挤压导致旬宜地区基底断裂活化，是下古生界走滑断裂系统形成的主要动力机制。下古生界走滑断裂可有效改善深层碳酸盐岩储层物性，形成岩溶型或构造裂缝型优质储层，沿走滑断裂带形成“上生下储—旁生侧储”型成藏组合，是旬宜地区深层油气勘探值得关注的重点领域。Abstract: In recent years, the Ordos Basin has undergone a reevaluation, transitioning from a perception of a single block to a focus on understanding the influence of multiple stages and fault systems on hydrocarbon accumulation. This study utilizes the latest 3D seismic and drilling data alongside a theoretical model of strike-slip fault to analyze fault geometry and kinematics in the Xunyi-Yijun area of the basin's southern region. The mechanisms of fault formation are predicted and the related impacts on the formation and accumulation of deep carbonate rocks are also discussed. The results indicate the presence of three fault systems in the Xunyi-Yijun area, with decoupling between deep and shallow layers. The Lower Paleozoic strike-slip faults exhibit distinct characteristics, including high vertical structure, dip swing, and a "flower-shaped" structure in the section. The faults display "compression shear in the northwest, tension shear in the center, and segmental deformation on trunk fractures" on their planes.Moreover, the Lower Paleozoic strike-slip faults experienced two stages of tectonic activities with greater intensity observed from the Late Ordovician to the Silurian, marking the primary period of fault development. The activity intensity during the Middle to Late Permian was relatively weaker, with faults exhibiting inherited strike-slip characteristics. These faults formed two groups, one with a NE strike and the other with a NW strike. Additionally, during the second stage of the Caledonian period, ocean subduction and closure lead to stress being transferred to the basin interior. It is believed that the NE and NW strike basement weak zones existed in the southern Ordos Basin. As a result, the Lower Paleozoic strike-slip fault system likely formed due to the activation of oblique compression. This fault system has the potential to enhance the physical properties of deep carbonate reservoirs and create high-quality karst or tectonic fracture reservoirs in the Xunyi-Yijun area. Moreover, The formation of the "upper source and lower reservoir-lateral source and lateral reservoir" combination along the strike-slip fault belt is an area of interest for deep oil and gas exploration in the Xunyi-Yijun region.
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地旬宜地区构造位置(a)与地层综合柱状图(b)
Figure 1. Structural location (a) and stratigraphic histogram (b) of Xunyi-Yijun area, Ordos Basin
图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地旬宜地区典型地震解释剖面
剖面位置见图 1a。
Figure 2. Typical interpreted seismic section of Xunyi-Yijun area, Ordos Basin
图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地旬宜地区寒武系底界相干属性(a)和断裂分布(b)
Figure 3. Coherent attribute (a) and fault distribution (b) of bottom of Cambrian in Xunyi-Yijun area, Ordos Basin
图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地旬宜地区1号断裂带平面分段与典型剖面构造样式
断裂带位置见图 3。
Figure 4. Plane segments and structural styles of typical sections for No.1 fault belt in Xunyi-Yijun area, Ordos Basin
图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地旬宜地区2号断裂带平面分段与典型剖面构造样式
断裂带位置见图 3。
Figure 5. Plane segments and structural styles of typical sections for No. 2 fault belt in Xunyi-Yijun area, Ordos Basin
图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地旬宜地区2号走滑断裂带关键界面垂向断距统计
编号位置见图 5。
Figure 6. Plots of vertical separation at key interfaces along No.2 strike-slip fault belt in Xunyi-Yijun area, Ordos Basin
图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地旬宜地区走滑断裂运动学模式
a, b.里德尔剪切走滑模型；c.尾端马尾状收缩叠瓦扇模型；d.走滑叠接段应变模型。
Figure 7. Kinematic models of strike-slip faults in Xunyi-Yijun area, Ordos Basin
图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地旬宜地区下古生界走滑断裂形成机制示意
Figure 8. Formation mechanism of strike-slip faults in Lower Paleozoic, Xunyi-Yijun area, Ordos Basin
图 9 鄂尔多斯盆地旬宜地区马家沟组不同类型储层特征
a.XY2井，岩心，2 986.1 m，风化壳溶洞发育；b.XY1井，岩心，3 174.8 m，顺高角度裂缝向下发育溶蚀孔洞，方解石充填；c, d.XY1井，岩心，3 177.1 m，高角度裂缝发育，缝面方解石胶结；e.J1井，岩心，3 158.7 m，近垂直微裂缝发育，方解石半充填；f.J1井，单偏光铸体薄片，3 158.8 m, 中—细晶白云岩中裂缝发育，白云石半充填；g.XY1井，单偏光铸体薄片，3 179.9 m，含泥屑粉晶白云岩中微裂缝发育，沥青质半充填—未充填，裂缝间贯通性良好；h.XY2井，成像测井，2 986.5~2 989.2 m，可识别出高角度构造裂缝与溶蚀孔洞。
Figure 9. Characteristics of different types of reservoirs in Majiagou Formation, Xunyi-Yijun area, Ordos Basin
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