羌塘盆地东部三叠系阿堵拉组烃源岩古沉积环境的地球化学证据

刘栩; 刘中戎; 庄新兵; 范志伟; 马泽良; 彭金宁; 李风勋; 李吉鹏; 李兴强

doi:10.11781/sysydz202403601

羌塘盆地东部三叠系阿堵拉组烃源岩古沉积环境的地球化学证据

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202403601

刘栩^{1, 2,},
刘中戎³,
庄新兵^{1, 2},
范志伟³,
马泽良^{1, 2},
彭金宁^{1, 2},
李风勋^{1, 2},
李吉鹏^{1, 2},
李兴强^{1, 2}

1.
中国石化油气成藏重点实验室, 江苏无锡 214126
2.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126
3.
中国石化勘探分公司, 成都 610041

基金项目:

中国石化科技攻关项目 P22197

中国石化科技攻关项目 P22198

详细信息

作者简介:
刘栩(1996—)，男，硕士，从事烃源岩评价研究。E-mail: liux96.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE121.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-24
- 修回日期: 2024-04-09
- 刊出日期: 2024-05-28

Geochemical evidence of paleo-depositional environment of Triassic Adula Formation source rocks of eastern Qiangtang Basin

LIU Xu^{1, 2
,},
LIU Zhongrong³,
ZHUANG Xinbing^{1, 2},
FAN Zhiwei³,
MA Zeliang^{1, 2},
PENG Jinning^{1, 2},
LI Fengxun^{1, 2},
LI Jipeng^{1, 2},
LI Xingqiang^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
2.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
3.
SINOPEC Exploration Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China

摘要

摘要: 上三叠统阿堵拉组泥岩是羌塘盆地重要烃源岩系之一，目前对其古沉积环境的认识存在较大争议。通过对羌塘盆地东部雀莫错地区鄂尔托陇巴剖面阿堵拉组开展岩石学、有机地球化学和元素地球化学分析等系统研究，探讨阿堵拉组烃源岩古沉积环境及其对烃源岩发育的影响。阿堵拉组泥岩总有机碳(TOC)含量为0.27%~3.46%，平均为1.60%，总体为好烃源岩，局部发育优质烃源岩；阿堵拉组下段陆棚相泥岩形成于海平面上升时期，水体较深且贫氧，古气候为半干燥—半湿润气候，化学风化程度中等，陆源输入较低，水体盐度较高；上段泥岩沉积期处于盆地萎缩消亡阶段，沉积环境逐渐由陆棚相转变为三角洲相，水体较浅且富氧，经历了干燥—半干燥—半湿润的古气候变化，陆源输入相应增多，为咸水—半咸水环境，受到淡水输入的影响。阿堵拉组的源岩为长英质火山岩，源区构造背景以大陆岛弧为主，可能来自早—中三叠世金沙江缝合带岛弧源区。阿堵拉组下段陆棚相泥岩TOC含量与氧化还原条件指标具有较好的正相关性，表明烃源岩发育主要受到海平面上升时贫氧水体控制；上段陆棚—三角洲相泥岩TOC含量与古环境参数无明显相关性，TOC含量大于2%的泥岩沉积期具有较高陆源输入和相对湿润的古气候，综合分析认为烃源岩发育受到古气候、陆源输入等多种因素综合影响。
- 古沉积环境 /
- 源区构造背景 /
- 烃源岩 /
- 阿堵拉组 /
- 羌塘盆地
Abstract: The mudstone within the Upper Triassic Adula Formation constitutes a crucial hydrocarbon source rock reservoir in the Qiangtang Basin, yet there is considerable debate regarding its paleo-depositional environment. Through systematic studies, including petrology, organic geochemistry, and elemental geochemistry analyses of the Adula Formation at the Eertuolongba section in the Quemocuo area of the eastern Qiangtang Basin, this study investigated the paleo-depositional environment of the Adula Formation source rocks and its impact on hydrocarbonsource rock development. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the Adula Formation mudstone ranges from 0.27% to 3.46%, with an average of 1.60%, indicating overall favorable source rocks with locally deve-loped high-quality source rocks. The shelf facies mudstone in the lower section of the Adula Formation was formed during a phase of sea-level rise, characterized by deeper, oxygen-poor water, a semi-arid to semi-humid paleoclimate, moderate chemical weathering, minimal terrigenous input, and higher salinity. The deposition of the upper section occurred during a phase of basin contraction and demise, suggesting a transition from shelf facies to delta facies. This period was marked by relatively shallower, oxygen-rich water and a shift from arid to semi-arid to semi-humid paleoclimate, with increased terrigenous input and a saline to semi-saline water environment influenced by freshwater input. The source rocks of the Adula Formation are felsic volcanic rocks, primarily from a continental island arc tectonic setting, likely sourced from the island arc source domain in the Jinsha River suture zone during the Early to Middle Triassic. In the lower section of the Adula Formation, the TOC content of shelf facies mudstone shows a robust positive correlation with redox condition indicators, suggesting that source rock development was mainly controlled by oxygen-poor water conditions during sea-level rise period. In contrast, no significant correlation was observed between TOC content and paleo-environmental parameters in the upper shelf delta facies mudstones. Mudstones with TOC content greater than 2% were likely deposited during periods of high terrigenous input and relatively humid paleoclimate, indicating that source rock development was influenced by multiple factors such as paleoclimate and terrigenous input.
- paleo-depositional environment /
- source area tectonic background /
- source rock /
- Adula Formation /
- Qiangtang Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

刘栩、庄新兵、李风勋参实验设计，马泽良、李兴强、李吉鹏参与样品处理与实验操作；刘栩、刘中戎、范志伟、彭金宁参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The study was designed by LIU Xu, ZHUANG Xinbing, and LI Fengxun. The experimental operation was completed by MA Zeliang, LI Xingqiang and LI Jipeng. The manuscript was drafted and revised by LIU Xu, LIU Zhongrong, FAN Zhiwei and PENG Jinning. All authors have read the last version of the paper and consented to its submission.

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图 1 羌塘盆地构造单元(a)，研究区地表地层分布(b)及鄂尔托陇巴剖面地层柱状图(c)

图b修改自参考文献[23]。

Figure 1. Tectonic units of Qiangtang Basin (a), surface stratigraphic distribution in study area (b) and lithology column of Eertuolongba section (c)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 羌塘盆地东部鄂尔托陇巴剖面三叠系阿堵拉组岩性特征

a.波里拉组深灰色泥晶灰岩；b.阿堵拉组深灰色薄片状泥岩；c.阿堵拉组灰色薄板状粉砂岩；d.样品A-26，含灰粉砂质泥岩，128.04 m；e.样品A-25，含灰粉砂质泥岩，130.55 m；f.样品A-15，含灰残余生屑泥岩，263.31 m；g.样品A-9，泥岩，312.66 m；h.样品A-6, 泥岩，331.61 m; i.样品A-1，残余生屑泥岩，383.25 m。

Figure 2. Lithologic characteristics of Triassic Adula Formation in Eertuolongba section of eastern Qiangtang Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 羌塘盆地东部鄂尔托陇巴剖面三叠系阿堵拉组泥岩PAAS标准化稀土元素配分模式

PAAS标准值参考MCLENNAN^[36]。

Figure 3. Post Australia Archean Shale-normalized REE distribution patterns of mudstone in Triassic Adula Formation of Eertuolongba section in eastern Qiangtang Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 羌塘盆地东部鄂尔托陇巴剖面三叠系阿堵拉组泥岩古环境参数

Figure 4. Paleoenvironmental parameters of mudstones in Triassic Adula Formation of Eertuolongba section of eastern Qiangtang Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 羌塘盆地东部鄂尔托陇巴剖面三叠系阿堵拉组泥岩Mo_EF-U_EF交会图

底图据参考文献[42]。

Figure 5. Crossplot of Mo_EF vs. U_EF of Triassic Adula Formation mudstone in Eertuolongba section of eastern Qiangtang Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 羌塘盆地东部鄂尔托陇巴剖面三叠系阿堵拉组泥岩Zr/Sc-Th/Sc(a)和La/Sc-Co/Th(b)图解

底图分别据参考文献[44]和[45]。

Figure 6. Correlation diagrams of Zr/Sc vs. Th/Sc (a) and La/Sc vs. Co/Th (b) for Triassic Adula Formation mudstone in Eertuolongba section of eastern Qiangtang Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 羌塘盆地东部鄂尔托陇巴剖面三叠系阿堵拉组泥岩Ti/Zr-La/Sc(a)和Th-Co-Sc(b)图解

底图据参考文献[44]。

Figure 7. Diagrams of Ti/Zr vs. La/Sc (a) and Th-Co-Sc (b) for mudstone in Triassic Adula Formation in Eertuolongba section of eastern Qiangtang Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 羌塘盆地东部鄂尔托陇巴剖面三叠系阿堵拉组烃源岩TOC含量与古环境指标交会图

Figure 8. Crossplots of TOC vs. paleo environment parameters of Triassic Adula Formation mudstone in Eertuolongba section of eastern Qiangtang Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 羌塘盆地东部鄂尔托陇巴剖面三叠系阿堵拉组烃源岩发育模式

Figure 9. Development patterns of source rocks in Triassic Adula Formation of Eertuolongba section in eastern Qiangtang Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 北羌塘坳陷东部鄂尔托陇巴剖面三叠系阿堵拉组泥岩主量和微量元素含量

Table 1. Contents of major and trace elements in mudstones of Triassic Adula Formation of Eertuolongba section in eastern area of North Qiangtang Depression

样号	ω(TOC)/%	ω(TS)/%	主量元素含量/%								微量元素含量/(μg/g)
样号	ω(TOC)/%	ω(TS)/%	Al₂O₃	CaO	Fe₂O₃	K₂O	MgO	MnO	Na₂O	TiO₂	Ba	Co	Cr	Cu	Ni	Sr	V	Mo	Zr	Th	U	Ga	Rb	Sc
A-28	1.13	0.11	15.73	0.49	4.30	3.61	1.15	0.03	1.01	0.72	648.70	7.82	66.98	31.62	20.55	104.52	93.84	1.40	242.98	22.21	3.40	26.03	172.81	10.89
A-27	1.79	0.14	17.10	5.07	5.17	3.40	1.46	0.07	0.91	0.59	245.72	10.00	58.67	33.80	27.22	143.95	97.43	2.77	189.65	24.44	3.56	21.83	174.46	13.34
A-26	2.21	0.17	16.64	6.61	5.47	3.23	1.56	0.08	0.90	0.55	989.91	10.58	56.26	44.85	36.42	208.01	138.15	7.25	179.58	24.73	4.17	28.60	182.07	13.52
A-25	1.84	0.18	16.67	4.45	4.69	3.17	1.40	0.05	1.16	0.58	260.68	12.21	63.38	41.29	33.74	137.46	93.24	3.15	204.46	24.90	3.95	21.25	165.76	13.65
A-24	3.23	0.15	16.41	6.44	4.31	3.30	1.41	0.05	0.82	0.50	273.98	5.70	57.73	57.69	21.58	177.92	83.77	2.59	169.94	24.35	3.57	21.52	178.49	13.06
A-23	2.60	0.17	17.76	3.63	4.11	3.66	1.29	0.04	0.79	0.53	379.01	10.37	53.48	50.54	28.18	160.12	91.32	3.40	187.66	25.30	4.34	24.93	171.60	13.01
A-22	2.45	0.17	16.40	6.14	5.01	3.23	1.38	0.05	0.96	0.50	251.22	8.38	48.63	44.53	24.87	188.75	70.17	2.55	168.84	26.71	3.72	21.07	170.59	13.37
A-21	2.24	0.17	10.09	26.33	3.03	2.02	0.91	0.12	0.54	0.31	264.50	5.92	32.34	42.30	21.13	322.75	51.99	1.48	100.70	14.06	2.35	14.01	114.75	9.18
A-20	1.93	0.13	16.21	8.57	4.15	3.12	1.30	0.06	1.03	0.45	246.95	8.84	66.79	39.31	21.43	223.23	85.37	1.08	153.59	26.58	3.31	20.82	179.73	13.76
A-19	2.34	0.32	14.79	12.14	4.05	2.74	1.40	0.05	0.89	0.38	268.78	5.56	61.37	38.28	20.35	341.48	74.83	2.02	126.07	22.72	3.18	19.05	161.75	12.63
A-18	0.96	0.14	8.90	21.74	3.20	1.68	0.96	0.09	1.06	0.30	827.77	5.30	29.24	24.09	15.04	325.88	40.19	0.80	114.90	16.08	2.57	19.71	98.75	9.29
A-17	1.18	0.14	11.94	18.47	3.65	2.14	1.13	0.10	0.74	0.34	234.24	4.68	35.20	33.38	17.64	302.68	47.50	1.08	118.69	18.74	2.81	16.43	126.75	10.81
A-16	1.65	0.19	16.02	11.90	4.80	3.12	1.37	0.09	0.58	0.44	271.70	8.59	63.33	43.17	32.01	285.83	118.20	6.27	135.23	22.03	3.61	21.09	191.91	14.58
A-15	1.13	0.16	14.95	15.43	4.29	2.86	1.44	0.10	0.64	0.39	632.74	13.42	35.54	37.96	26.21	401.63	61.01	2.03	132.22	18.67	3.28	23.44	173.61	13.63
A-14	0.36	0.19	19.58	3.55	6.37	3.57	1.94	0.03	0.53	0.57	257.91	20.38	56.32	28.83	34.01	174.32	103.55	0.50	177.83	22.62	3.42	26.34	174.69	16.26
A-13	1.19	0.23	12.20	20.62	4.02	2.14	1.36	0.10	0.64	0.33	771.08	5.28	34.19	33.01	19.58	452.89	50.64	1.43	110.09	16.69	3.15	22.15	131.93	11.54
A-12	1.05	0.13	9.56	24.22	3.70	1.89	1.23	0.10	0.63	0.30	1062.15	6.74	29.49	26.22	20.70	463.65	46.07	1.56	100.84	14.58	2.90	23.07	116.13	10.28
A-11	0.84	0.25	18.68	4.19	6.24	3.46	1.63	0.12	0.66	0.62	475.50	16.66	73.16	32.81	38.10	182.75	129.24	2.20	179.99	22.86	3.74	26.16	187.39	16.07
A-10	1.73	0.21	17.24	6.96	5.54	3.29	1.53	0.10	0.70	0.48	785.69	12.83	78.17	44.66	46.42	255.22	180.20	5.73	149.57	22.97	4.35	28.32	194.66	13.86
A-09	1.08	0.11	19.71	3.04	5.72	3.93	1.64	0.08	0.57	0.57	234.20	19.36	64.47	34.91	40.43	154.85	138.38	3.70	174.76	25.16	3.99	25.81	197.09	15.73
A-08	1.64	0.19	17.10	9.46	5.83	3.37	1.63	0.15	0.56	0.48	509.65	15.08	64.58	41.39	50.02	315.36	176.75	10.30	145.27	22.85	4.54	24.35	210.27	13.93
A-07	1.56	0.11	13.87	18.63	5.41	2.68	1.43	0.25	0.36	0.35	598.01	8.49	58.85	38.54	35.48	985.29	179.12	9.15	111.92	18.05	4.60	21.81	170.21	11.88
A-06	0.96	0.11	18.05	9.55	5.84	3.61	1.71	0.14	0.43	0.48	183.99	16.99	59.48	36.49	40.15	287.95	136.19	4.17	147.76	23.46	4.29	22.90	227.05	15.71
A-06	1.41	0.19	15.46	14.08	6.04	2.94	1.63	0.19	0.42	0.42	575.02	10.46	56.16	46.82	37.85	452.39	149.34	7.14	124.41	20.03	4.22	23.67	178.71	12.69
A-04	1.45	0.09	18.84	6.49	7.31	3.81	1.73	0.41	0.43	0.48	448.81	35.42	56.12	65.63	94.07	248.68	150.11	8.08	160.44	24.67	4.24	26.67	213.20	16.72
A-03	1.62	0.12	14.60	16.59	5.29	2.91	1.44	0.14	0.45	0.37	711.24	7.56	50.60	39.52	30.45	653.30	146.26	4.49	119.74	20.48	4.12	23.75	172.69	11.80
A-02	1.78	0.17	16.16	13.78	5.70	3.39	1.61	0.16	0.37	0.39	2530.29	13.14	59.69	50.12	50.05	446.09	191.78	6.00	124.61	20.89	5.24	44.66	214.16	14.33
A-01	1.17	0.19	13.38	19.01	5.22	2.71	1.56	0.20	0.39	0.36	1302.36	10.67	38.57	37.12	28.55	578.31	67.20	2.47	107.34	17.00	3.79	28.13	158.81	11.23

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 北羌塘坳陷东部地区鄂尔托陇巴剖面三叠系阿堵拉组泥岩稀土元素含量

Table 2. Contents of rare earth elements in mudstones of Triassic Adula Formation of Eertuolongba section in eastern area of North Qiangtang Depression

样号	稀土元素含量/(μg/g)														∑REE/(μg/g)	LREE/HREE	PAAS标准化
样号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	∑REE/(μg/g)	LREE/HREE	δCe	δEu	(La/Yb)_N
A-28	36.25	71.44	8.32	29.42	5.25	1.09	5.62	0.82	4.90	1.00	3.25	0.48	3.29	0.50	171.63	7.64	0.95	0.94	0.81
A-27	36.34	72.69	8.45	31.38	6.20	1.11	6.40	0.94	5.27	1.06	3.24	0.47	3.21	0.48	177.24	7.41	0.96	0.83	0.83
A-26	35.85	73.23	8.56	32.46	6.59	1.38	6.83	1.01	5.71	1.13	3.39	0.48	3.27	0.50	180.39	7.08	0.96	0.97	0.81
A-25	37.24	76.86	8.94	33.34	6.74	1.16	6.93	1.02	5.86	1.16	3.56	0.51	3.43	0.52	187.29	7.14	0.97	0.80	0.80
A-24	32.09	64.21	7.72	28.65	5.76	1.04	6.13	0.92	5.29	1.05	3.23	0.46	3.06	0.46	160.07	6.77	0.94	0.83	0.77
A-23	36.08	72.95	8.35	30.48	5.82	1.04	6.22	0.92	5.44	1.09	3.41	0.51	3.44	0.52	176.27	7.17	0.97	0.81	0.77
A-22	34.08	69.81	8.52	32.35	6.93	1.20	7.15	1.07	6.01	1.15	3.44	0.48	3.32	0.49	176.00	6.62	0.95	0.81	0.76
A-21	30.24	60.75	6.98	26.60	5.65	1.27	6.03	0.85	4.69	0.91	2.63	0.37	2.42	0.35	149.76	7.20	0.96	1.02	0.92
A-20	34.73	71.67	8.24	30.79	6.02	1.07	6.33	0.92	5.17	1.02	3.12	0.44	2.99	0.44	172.96	7.46	0.98	0.82	0.86
A-19	28.47	57.47	7.09	27.11	5.60	0.94	5.86	0.88	4.98	0.98	2.98	0.42	2.87	0.42	146.07	6.53	0.93	0.77	0.73
A-18	29.47	59.19	6.95	26.88	5.57	1.13	5.67	0.83	4.53	0.90	2.68	0.37	2.45	0.37	146.98	7.26	0.95	0.94	0.89
A-17	29.06	56.66	7.08	27.45	5.77	1.05	6.16	0.91	5.07	0.97	2.87	0.38	2.59	0.39	146.42	6.57	0.91	0.83	0.83
A-16	30.25	61.39	7.55	28.32	6.09	1.09	6.54	0.97	5.46	1.07	3.17	0.45	3.04	0.46	155.84	6.37	0.94	0.81	0.73
A-15	29.82	57.41	6.78	25.10	5.33	1.06	5.84	0.87	5.09	1.03	3.18	0.46	3.07	0.45	145.48	6.28	0.93	0.89	0.72
A-14	38.83	79.37	9.12	33.40	6.04	1.08	6.28	0.91	5.20	1.06	3.25	0.47	3.19	0.48	188.69	8.05	0.97	0.83	0.90
A-13	28.10	52.67	6.48	24.91	5.20	1.14	5.80	0.86	4.84	0.95	2.83	0.39	2.63	0.38	137.19	6.34	0.90	0.98	0.79
A-12	26.94	50.49	6.28	24.09	5.14	1.18	5.64	0.82	4.60	0.90	2.66	0.37	2.43	0.34	131.87	6.42	0.90	1.03	0.82
A-11	38.71	79.63	9.01	33.47	6.37	1.28	6.89	0.99	5.59	1.11	3.35	0.48	3.26	0.50	190.64	7.60	0.98	0.91	0.88
A-10	30.60	61.21	7.16	26.29	5.30	1.12	5.73	0.84	4.80	0.97	2.95	0.43	2.95	0.43	150.78	6.90	0.95	0.96	0.77
A-09	30.03	62.33	6.78	24.49	4.98	0.92	5.39	0.83	4.89	0.98	3.11	0.46	3.16	0.47	148.81	6.71	1.01	0.83	0.70
A-08	31.75	64.84	7.52	27.86	5.72	1.14	6.18	0.88	5.01	0.99	3.00	0.43	2.88	0.44	158.64	7.01	0.97	0.91	0.81
A-07	27.47	55.78	6.99	27.81	6.33	1.68	6.71	0.93	4.91	0.95	2.82	0.39	2.62	0.38	145.78	6.39	0.93	1.21	0.78
A-06	33.82	71.17	8.12	30.32	6.26	1.13	6.48	0.94	5.26	1.03	3.16	0.45	3.03	0.45	171.64	7.25	0.99	0.83	0.82
A-06	31.49	63.88	7.46	27.99	5.96	1.19	6.31	0.93	5.24	1.05	3.11	0.44	2.95	0.42	158.41	6.75	0.96	0.92	0.79
A-04	36.35	89.66	8.83	33.20	7.06	1.30	7.62	1.12	6.31	1.23	3.79	0.53	3.63	0.55	201.18	7.12	1.15	0.84	0.74
A-03	28.42	56.80	6.65	24.40	4.95	1.07	5.38	0.79	4.52	0.89	2.72	0.38	2.64	0.39	140.00	6.91	0.95	0.98	0.80
A-02	27.54	57.85	6.81	25.36	5.53	1.53	5.78	0.84	4.73	0.92	2.78	0.39	2.69	0.40	143.18	6.72	0.97	1.27	0.76
A-01	27.52	57.37	6.87	25.81	5.57	1.32	5.81	0.83	4.58	0.89	2.61	0.37	2.42	0.36	142.34	6.96	0.96	1.09	0.84
注: PAAS标准值据MCLENNAN^[36], ∑REE=La+Ce+Pr+Nd+Sm+Eu+Gd+Tb+Dy+Ho+Er+Tm+Yb+Lu, LREE/HREE= (La+Ce+Pr+Nd+Sm+Eu)/(Gd+Tb+Dy+Ho+Er+Tm+Yb+Lu), δCe=Ce_N/(La_N×Pr_N)^1/2, δEu = Eu_N/(Sm_N×Gd_N)^1/2, 下标N表示计算使用PAAS标准化。

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参考文献(50)

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