Safety and accelerated drilling technologies for deep shale gas in Weirong of Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 四川盆地威荣页岩气埋深3 600~3 850 m，属于典型的深层页岩气藏，钻井工程面临压力体系复杂、茅口组部分区域断溶体发育、地层可钻性差、龙马溪组地层温度高等难题。针对复杂的地质条件，以安全与提速钻井为核心，通过成熟引进与先导试验技术结合的方式，持续攻关钻井工程工艺技术；并不断深化过路层段地质认识，采用一段一策的方案，提高工程技术的针对性。威荣页岩气田经历勘探评价、开发一期、开发二期3个阶段，形成了以井身结构优化、断溶体避让的轨道设计、井筒压力控制和钻压同步预防压窜干扰为重点的安全钻井技术，以“二维+小三维”的三维轨道剖面、四位一体地质导向技术、破岩工具优选和钻井参数强化为关键的提速钻井技术。该技术应用于威荣页岩气田150余口开发井，机械钻速由开发初期的6.32 m/h提升至9.12 m/h，钻井周期由106.68 d缩短至68.75 d，缩短率为35.56%，实现了威荣深层页岩气钻井工程提速降本的目标，其形成的安全与提速钻井系列技术对同类型气藏开发具有较强的参考意义。Abstract: The Weirong shale gas in the Sichuan Basin, buried at depths of 3 600-3 850 m, represents a prototypical deep shale gas reservoir. Drilling operations face challenges such as a complex pressure system, developed fault-dissolved bodies in certain areas of the Maokou Formation, poor drillability of formations, and high strata temperatures in the Longmaxi Formation. To address these complex geological conditions, this study focused on the safe and accelerated drilling. By combining mature technologies with pilot testing, continuous efforts were made to advance drilling engineering techniques. Through deepening the understanding of the geology of the passing strata sections, targeted solutions for each section were implemented to enhance the precision of engineering techniques. The Weirong shale gas field had gone through three stages: exploration and evaluation, development phaseⅠ, and Ⅱ. This led to the development of safe drilling technologies that emphasize optimization of well structure, track designs avoiding fault-dissolved bodies, wellbore pressure control, and synchronized drilling andfracturing to prevent interference between wells. Additionally, accelerated drilling technologies were cultivated, focusing on a "2D + small 3D" three-dimensional track profile, integrated geological guidance, optimal rock-breaking tools, and enhanced drilling parameters. Applied to over 150 well drillings in the Weirong shale gas field, these technologies increased the rate of penetration from 6.32 m/h at the start of development to 9.12 m/h, reduced the drilling cycle from 106.68 days to 68.75 days (a reduction of 35.56%), achieving the goal of acce-lerated and cost-effective deep shale gas drilling in Weirong area. These technologies provide significant reference value for the development of similar gas reservoirs.
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图 1 四川盆地威荣页岩气钻井二开必封点优化历程
Figure 1. Optimization history of mandatory sealing point for second spudding of Weirong shale gas well in Sichuan Basin
图 2 四川盆地威荣页岩气田茅口组断溶体分布示意
Figure 2. Distribution of fault-dissolved bodies in Maokou Formation of Weirong shale gas field, Sichuan Basin
图 4 四川盆地威荣页岩气钻井三维轨道剖面示意
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of 3D track profile of Weirong shale gas wells in Sichuan Basin
图 5 四川盆地威荣页岩气不同阶段钻井周期指标
Figure 5. Drilling cycle indicators of Weirong shale gas at different stages in Sichuan Basin
表 1 四川盆地威荣页岩气地层压力与地层破裂压力
Table 1. Formation pressure and fracture pressure of Weirong shale gas in Sichuan Basin
地层 地压梯度/(MPa/hm) 地层破裂压力梯度/(MPa/hm) 遂宁组/沙溪庙组—新田沟组 1.0~1.10 约1.8 自流井组—须家河组 1.10~1.30 ＞1.8 雷口坡组—飞仙关组 1.30~1.50 ＞2.0 长兴组—龙潭组 1.40~1.50 ＞2.0 茅口组—石牛栏组 1.40~1.80 ＞2.3 龙马溪组—五峰组 1.60~1.90 2.2~3.2 
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表 2 四川盆地威荣页岩气钻井不同阶段必封点及一开套管选型
Table 2. Mandatory sealing points at different drilling stages and casing selection for the first spudding of Weirong shale gas in Sichuan Basin
项目 勘探阶段 评价阶段 一期开发 二期开发 一开必封点 须家河组上部 自流井组 沙溪庙组中部 沙溪庙组中部 二开必封点 龙马溪组上部 龙马溪组上部 石牛栏组上部 韩家店组上部 一开套管选型 N80 N80 J55/N80 P110
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表 3 四川盆地威荣页岩气钻井受压窜影响的统计
Table 3. Statistics of fracturing effect on drilling of Weirong shale gas, Sichuan Basin
井数 发生时间 窜压类型 复杂情况 损失时间/d 2 2019-10 气窜+液窜 卡钻、复杂 200.73 1 2019-11 液窜 复杂 2.67 1 2019-12 气窜 复杂 14.85 1 2020-01 气窜+液窜 复杂 19.58 1 2020-05 液窜 复杂 3.63 1 2020-06 气窜 复杂 9.4 1 2022-05 液窜 复杂 1 2022-06 液窜 复杂
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表 4 四川盆地威荣页岩气钻井不同类型三维轨道剖面参数对比
Table 4. Comparison of parameters for different types of 3D track profiles of Weirong shale gas wells in Sichuan Basin
剖面类型 井深/m 定向段长/m 起钻摩阻/kN 下钻摩阻/kN 钻进扭矩/(kN·m) 二维+小三维 5 748.56 721.57 267 332 25.9 双二维 5 772.66 998.81 302 337 26.8
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表 5 四川盆地威荣页岩气钻井螺杆选型推荐
Table 5. Recommended mud motor selection for Weirong shale gas wells in Sichuan Basin
井眼尺寸/mm 螺杆型号 螺杆类型 工作扭矩/(kN·m) Ф406.4 7LZ×244-7.0DW 0.5°~0.75°单弯 23 Ф311.2 直井段 7LZ×244-7.0DW 0.75°~1.25°单弯 23 斜井段 7LZ×216-7.0DW 1.25°~1.5°单弯 15 Ф215.9 Y7LZ172×7.0Ⅳ 1.25°~1.5°单弯 7.6
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表 6 四川盆地威荣页岩气不同阶段钻井参数强化
Table 6. Drilling parameter strengthening at different stages of Weirong shale gas in Sichuan Basin
开次 钻井参数 装备配套升级前 装备配套升级后 强化提升率/% 一开 钻压/kN 40~100 60~120 28.57 转速/(r/min) 50~60 60~80 27.27 排量/(L/s) 60~65 60~70 4.00 二开 直井段 钻压/kN 60~140 100~160 14.29 转速/(r/min) 60~70 60~80 7.69 排量/(L/s) 55~60 60~65 8.69 斜井段 钻压/kN 60~120 80~160 14.29 转速/(r/min) 50~60 60~80 27.27 排量(L/s) 50~55 55~60 9.52 三开 旋导 钻压/kN 60~120 80~140 22.22 转速/(r/min) 50~70 60~80 16.67 排量/(L/s) 28~30 30~32 6.90 常规 钻压/kN 80~140 100~160 18.18 转速/(r/min) 60~80 70~90 14.29 排量/(L/s) 28~30 30~35 16.66
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