Quantitative division method of geomechanical strata and its applications in exploration and development of oil and gas in ultra-deep layers
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摘要: 超深层油气高效勘探开发是当前全球能源地质研究关注的焦点，“地质力学层与油气勘探开发”是国际前沿研究领域，形成地质力学层的有效划分方法，对超深油气高效勘探和效益开发具有理论和实际意义。现今地应力状态影响天然裂缝有效性，裂缝发育分布影响岩石力学性质，而岩石力学性质又控制着现今地应力的分布，但当前“岩石力学层理论”不能完整涵盖三者之间耦合联系。为此，基于水平最小主应力、水平主应力差、弹性模量、现今地应力优势方位与天然裂缝走向的夹角、天然裂缝密度和应力集中系数等6种参数，构建储层地质力学层指标，形成一种地质力学层定量划分方法。基于塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏构造带大北区块W井的实例分析，表明该井目的层白垩系巴什基奇克组垂向呈现强地质力学非均质性，储层地质力学层与气层发育段具有较好的对应关系。因此，借助地质力学层划分结果，可指导超深层油气甜点层段的优选。Abstract: Efficient exploration and development of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs are key objectives in current global energy geological research. The concept of "geomechanical strata and oil and gas exploration and development" represents a cutting-edge research area internationally. Establishing an effective method for dividing geomechanical layers holds both theoretical and practical significance for the efficient exploration and economical development of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs. Currently, the state of in-situ stress affects the effectiveness of natural fractures, while the development and distribution of fractures impact the mechanical properties of rocks, which influence the the distribution of in-situ stress. However, the existing "rock mechanical stratigraphy theory" fails to comprehensively cover the coupling relationships among these three factors. In response, this study introduced a method for the quantitative division of geomechanical strata based on six parameters: minimum horizontal principal stress, difference in horizontal stress, elastic modulus, angle between the current dominant stress orientation and the natural fracture orientation, natural fracture density, and stress concentration factor. An analysis of well W in the Dabei area of the Kelasu structural belt, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, demonstrated that the target layers at the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation exhibited strong vertical geomechanical heterogeneity. The geomechanical strata of the reservoir correlated well with the development sections of the gas layers. Therefore, with the results of geomechanical strata division, it is possible to guide the optimization of sweet spots in ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs.
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图 2 地质力学层与超深层油气勘探开发关系
Figure 2. Relationship between geomechanical strata and the exploration and development of oil and gas in ultra-deep layers
图 3 塔里木盆地库车坳陷某井储层地质力学参数与产气剖面[42]
Figure 3. Geomechanical parameters and gas production profile of a reservoir in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
图 4 塔里木盆地库车坳陷构造单元划分与典型地质剖面
N2k-Q1x.库车组—西域组；N1-2k.康村组；N1j.吉迪克组。
Figure 4. Division of structural units and typical geological profile in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
图 5 塔里木盆地库车坳陷大北区块W井巴什基奇克组储层地质力学层划分及参数特征
Figure 5. Division of geomechanical strata and associated parameters in the Bashijiqike Formation of well W in the Dabei block, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
图 6 塔里木盆地库车坳陷大北区块W井巴什基奇克组典型天然裂缝成像测井解译
Figure 6. Typical natural fractures interpreted from imaging logs in Bashijiqike Formation of well W in Dabei block of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
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