川南威远地区二叠系茅口组一段泥灰岩储层特征及其发育主控因素

李蓉; 宋晓波; 苏成鹏; 李素华; 赵黔荣; 朱兰; 林辉

doi:10.11781/sysydz2024051028

川南威远地区二叠系茅口组一段泥灰岩储层特征及其发育主控因素

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2024051028

李蓉^{1, 2,},
宋晓波¹,
苏成鹏^{1, 2},
李素华¹,
赵黔荣¹,
朱兰^{1, 2},
林辉¹

1.
中国石化西南油气分公司勘探开发研究院, 成都 610041
2.
中国石化西南油气分公司地质中心实验室, 成都 610081

基金项目:

中国石化勘探先导项目 YTBXD-CGKT-2023-1-02-005-XN

详细信息

作者简介:
李蓉(1985—)，女，博士，副研究员，从事海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探工作。E-mail: 596147104@qq.com

中图分类号: TE122.2
计量
- 文章访问数: 57
- HTML全文浏览量: 30
- PDF下载量: 15
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-18
- 修回日期: 2024-07-26
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-28

Characteristics and main controlling factors of the marlstone reservoirs of the first member of Permian Maokou Formatin in Weiyuan area, southern Sichuan Basin

LI Rong^{1, 2
,},
SONG Xiaobo¹,
SU Chengpeng^{1, 2},
LI Suhua¹,
ZHAO Qianrong¹,
ZHU Lan^{1, 2},
LIN Hui¹

1.
Research Institute of Exploration and Development, SINOPEC Southwest Oil and Gas Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
2.
Geological Center Laboratory, SINOPEC Southwest Oil and Gas Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China

摘要

摘要: 四川盆地南部威远地区的二叠系茅口组一段(下文简称茅一段)勘探程度较低，根据早期的钻井资料所进行的铸体薄片和氩离子电镜分析认为，滑石孔缝为最主要储集空间，滑石化作用对储层贡献最大。而最新钻井实物资料显示，茅一段泥灰岩储层的储集空间类型及储层成因与前期的认识有较大偏差，因此，需要进一步明确该区茅一段泥灰岩储层发育主控因素。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、物性分析、氮气吸附—脱附、氩离子抛光扫描电镜和孔隙定量表征，从定性和定量的角度剖析了茅一段泥灰岩主要储集空间和储层类型，结合总有机碳(TOC)含量测定、稀土元素分析以及全岩X衍射等手段，明确了该套储层发育的主控因素。川南威远地区茅一段优质储层发育在泥灰岩中，为一套低孔、低渗裂缝—孔隙型泥灰岩储层，主要发育Ⅲ类储层，少量为Ⅱ类储层；储集空间以溶蚀孔、有机质孔和滑石孔缝为主，孔隙发育与TOC含量具有较好相关性，滑石化作用、白云岩化作用和硅化作用并未产生明显的次生储集空间，对孔隙贡献不明显；泥灰岩储层受早期溶蚀作用、沉积相和有机质丰度共同控制，早期溶蚀作用是泥灰岩溶蚀孔缝形成的关键，内缓坡浅水环境的高初级生产力和高有机质沉降率为有机质孔形成提供了物质基础。该认识可为盆地内相似油气储层的勘探部署提供理论支撑。
- 泥灰岩 /
- 储层特征 /
- 茅口组 /
- 二叠系 /
- 威远地区 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: The exploration of the first member of Permian Maokou Formation (Maokou 1) in the Weiyuan area of southern Sichuan Basin has been limited. Previous analyses of cast thin sections and argon ion electron microscopy based on earlier drilling data suggested that talc pores were the primary reservoir spaces, with talc formation significantly contributing to the reservoir. However, the latest drilling data shows substantial differences in the types of reservoir spaces and the genesis of the Maokou 1 marlstone reservoirs compared to earlier understanding. It is necessary to further clarify the main controlling factors for the development of these reservoirs in the Maokou 1 member. Through core observation, thin section identification, physical property analysis, nitrogen adsorption, argon ion polishing scanning electron microscopy, and quantitative pore characterization, the primary reservoir spaces and types of the Maokou 1 marlstone were analyzed from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. The main controlling factors for the development of these reservoirs were identified by combining total organic carbon (TOC) content determination, rare earth element analysis, and whole rock X-ray diffraction. High-quality reservoirs in the Maokou 1 member of the Weiyuan area are developed in marlstone, characterized by low porosity and permeability fractures and pore-type reservoirs, predominantly Type Ⅲ with some Type Ⅱ reservoirs. The main reservoir spaces include corroded pores, organic matter pores, and talc pores and fractures, with pore development closely related to TOC content. Talc formation, dolomitization, and silicification did not significantly contribute to secondary reservoir spaces, and their contribution to porosity is minimal. The development of marlstone reservoirs is jointly controlled by early dissolution, sedimentary facies, and organic matter abundance. Early dissolution is the key to the formation of corroded pores and fractures, while high primary productivity and high organic matter settling rate of the inner gentle slope shallow water environment provided the material basis for the formation of organic matter pores. This understanding provides theoretical support for the exploration of similar oil and gas reservoirs in the basin.
- marlstone /
- reservoir characteristics /
- Maokou Formation /
- Permian /
- Weiyuan area /
- southern Sichuan Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

李蓉、赵黔荣、林辉参与实验设计；朱兰完成实验操作；李蓉、宋晓波、苏成鹏、李素华参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The study was designed by LI Rong, ZHAO Qianrong, and LIN Hui. The experimental operation was completed by ZHU Lan. The manuscript was drafted and revised by LI Rong, SONG Xiaobo, SU Chengpeng, and LI Suhua. All authors have read the last version of the paper and consented to its submission.

HTML全文

图 1 四川盆地二叠系茅一段沉积相(a)和A2井综合柱状图(b)

Figure 1. Sedimentary facies of first member of Permian Maokou Formation (a) and comprehensive column of well A2 (b), Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 川南地区二叠系茅口组一段地层连井对比

S1井据文献[4]修编；位置见图 1a。

Figure 2. Stratigraphic well correlation of first member of Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 川南地区二叠系茅口组一段眼球—眼皮状灰岩与块状灰岩溶蚀结构及成像测井特征

Figure 3. Corrosion structure and imaging logging characteristics of eyeball and eyelid-shaped and block limestones in first member of Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 川南威远地区二叠系茅口组一段岩石学特征

a.眼球—眼皮状灰岩，3 174.65 m，A2井；b.生屑定向排列，经历强烈压实作用，3 141.34 m，A2井，铸体薄片(-)；c.泥晶化作用，2 901.92 m，A1井，普通薄片(-)；d.黏土矿物滑石交代生物壳体，3 160.14 m，A2井；e.硅化作用，2 901.92 m，A1井，普通薄片(-)；f.白云岩化作用，白云石呈漂浮状，3 174.96 m，A2井，普通薄片(-)；g.含石膏假晶灰岩，3 196.94 m，A2井；h.眼球状生屑灰岩，3 116.33 m，A2井，铸体薄片(-)；i.块状生屑灰岩，3 173.88 m，A2井，铸体薄片(-)。

Figure 4. Petrologic features of first member of Permian Maokou Formation, Weiyuan area, southern Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 川南威远地区二叠系茅口组一段储集空间类型

a.方解石和石英充填溶洞，3 164.57 m，A2井；b.残余溶蚀孔洞，3 156.92 m，A2井；c.基质溶孔，2 895.81 m，A1井，普通薄片(-)；d.粒内溶孔、基质溶孔，2 891.58 m，A1井，普通薄片(+)；e.方解石晶间溶蚀孔缝，3 132.01 m，A2井，氩离子电镜，4 600×；f.黄铁矿晶内溶孔，3 125.00 m，A2井，氩离子电镜，4 600×；g.生物体腔溶孔，3 121.33 m，A2井，铸体薄片(-)；h.有机质孔，3 181.17 m，A2井，氩离子电镜，33 000×；i.不规则有机质孔，3 118.53 m，A2井，氩离子电镜，23 000×；j.滑石孔缝，3 154.27 m，A2井，氩离子电镜，10 000×；k.溶蚀孔缝，方解石和有机质两期充填，3 164.57 m，A2井；l.未充填裂缝，2 902.63 m，A1井，铸体薄片(-)。

Figure 5. Main reservoir space types of first member of Permian Maokou Formation, Weiyuan area, southern Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 川南威远地区二叠系茅一段储层物性及孔隙结构特征

Figure 6. Physical properties and pore structure of first member of Permian Maokou Formation, Weiyuan area, southern Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 川南威远地区二叠系茅口组一段岩溶作用宏观特征

a.岩溶系统，3 166.97 m，A2井；b.岩溶系统，3 199.80 m，A2井；c.溶沟，3 127.09 m，A2井；d.溶沟，3 125.64 m，A2井；e.棱角状溶塌角砾，3 106.89 m，A2井；f.溶塌角砾，3 170.97 m，A2井。

Figure 7. Macro characteristics of karstification of first member of Permian Maokou Formation, Weiyuan area, southern Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 川南威远地区二叠系茅口组一段TOC含量、矿物含量与孔隙度的关系

Figure 8. Relationship between TOC and mineral contents and porosity of first member of Permian Maokou Formation, Weiyuan area, southern Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 川南威远地区二叠系茅口组一段泥灰岩稀土元素配分

Figure 9. Normalized REE distribution of marlstones of first member of Permian Maokou Formation, Weiyuan area, southern Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 川南威远地区二叠纪不同沉积环境下茅口组一段TOC含量

Table 1. TOC content of different sedimentary environments of first member of Permian Maokou Formation, Weiyuan area, southern Sichuan Basin

项目	钻井和剖面
项目	A1井	A2井	J101井	T1井	二崖剖面	J1井	M1井
沉积环境	内缓坡	内缓坡	内缓坡	中缓坡	外缓坡	外缓坡	外缓坡
ω(TOC)/%	$\frac{0.23 \sim 2.62}{1.48(9)} $	$ \frac{0.44 \sim 1.81}{1.01(35)}$	$\frac{0.89 \sim 2.43}{1.57(13)} $	$\frac{0.48 \sim 2.59}{1.21(23)} $	$\frac{0.45 \sim 1.63}{0.96(13)} $	$\frac{0.33 \sim 1.68}{1.10(39)} $	$\frac{0.31 \sim 1.94}{0.89(42)} $
注：表中分式意义为$\frac{最小值 \sim 最大值}{平均值（样品数）} $。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(25)

[1]	江青春, 汪泽成, 苏旺, 等. 四川盆地中二叠统茅口组一段泥灰岩源内非常规天然气成藏条件及有利勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(6): 82-97. JIANG Qingchun, WANG Zecheng, SU Wang, et al. Accumulation conditions and favorable exploration orientation of unconventional natural gas in the marl source rock of the first member of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation, Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(6): 82-97.
[2]	刘瑾, 夏文谦, 李晶晶, 等. 川东南地区茅一段储层特征分析[J]. 科技通报, 2019, 35(7): 26-32. LIU Jin, XIA Wenqian, LI Jingjing, et al. Analysis of reservoir characteristics of the first member of Maokou Formation in southeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Bulletin of Science and Technology, 2019, 35(7): 26-32.
[3]	韩月卿, 李双建, 韩文彪, 等. 川东南地区中二叠统茅口组灰泥灰岩储层孔隙特征[J]. 石油实验地质, 2022, 44(4): 666-676. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202204666 HAN Yueqing, LI Shuangjian, HAN Wenbiao, et al. Pore characteristics of marl reservoir in Maokou Formation of Middle Permian, southeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2022, 44(4): 666-676. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202204666
[4]	苏成鹏, 李蓉, 石国山, 等. 四川盆地及周缘中二叠统茅口组一段储集层特征及对油气勘探的启示[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021, 48(6): 1150-1161. SU Chengpeng, LI Rong, SHI Guoshan, et al. Reservoir characteristics of the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin and its periphery and inspirations to petroleum exploration, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021, 48(6): 1150-1161.
[5]	雷涵. 四川盆地茅口组一段眼球—眼皮状石灰岩成因及储层微观特征[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2021. LEI Han. Genesis and reservoir microscopic characteristics of eyelid-eyeball-shaped limestone in the 1st member of Maokou Formation, Sichuan Basin[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences Beijing, 2021.
[6]	李强, 师江波, 周聪, 等. 四川盆地中部合川—潼南地区茅一段泥灰岩储层特征与评价[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2022, 33(12): 1986-1996. LI Qiang, SHI Jiangbo, ZHOU Cong, et al. Characteristics and evaluation of muddy limestone reservoir in the first member of Maokou Formation of Hechuan-Tongnan area, central Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2022, 33(12): 1986-1996.
[7]	夏文谦, 张汉荣, 刘瑾, 等. 川东南地区茅口组第一段灰泥灰岩储层储集空间构成定量分析[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 48(4): 435-444. XIA Wenqian, ZHANG Hanrong, LIU Jin, et al. Quantitative analysis of the space composition of marlite reservoir in the first member of Maokou Formation in southeastern Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition), 2021, 48(4): 435-444.
[8]	孙斌, 张培先, 高全芳, 等. 川东南南川地区茅口组一段碳酸盐岩储层特征及富集模式[J]. 非常规油气, 2022, 9(3): 21-31. SUN Bin, ZHANG Peixian, GAO Quanfang, et al. Reservoir properties and accumulation mode of carbonate rocks in Mao1 Member of Nanchuan area in southeast Sichuan[J]. Unconventional Oil & Gas, 2022, 9(3): 21-31.
[9]	梁兴, 徐政语, 栗维民, 等. 蜀南—渝西地区中二叠统茅一段灰质源岩气储层特征及主控因素: 以DB1井为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2023, 45(4): 714-725. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202304714 LIANG Xing, XU Zhengyu, LI Weimin, et al. Characteristics and main controlling factors of the limy source rock gas reservoir in the first member of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the southern Sichuan and western Chongqing area: a case study of well DB1[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2023, 45(4): 714-725. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202304714
[10]	张庄, 宋晓波, 苏成鹏, 等. 四川盆地中二叠统茅口组一段岩石微相特征及储层成因: 以华蓥山二崖剖面为例[J]. 断块油气田, 2023, 30(3): 405-414. ZHANG Zhuang, SONG Xiaobo, SU Chengpeng, et al. Characteristics of rock microfacies and reservoir genesis of the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin: a case study of Erya section of Huaying Mountain[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2023, 30(3): 405-414.
[11]	王佳蕊, 宋金民, 刘树根, 等. 川东地区茅口组一段微孔特征及其主控因素[J]. 非常规油气, 2022, 9(3): 32-41. WANG Jiarui, SONG Jinmin, LIU Shugen, et al. Micropore characteristics and main controlling factors of the Mao1 Member of Maokou Formation in eastern Sichuan[J]. Unconventional Oil & Gas, 2022, 9(3): 32-41.
[12]	夏文谦, 刘瑾, 俞凌杰, 等. 川东南涪陵地区二叠系茅口组一段泥质灰岩储层特征及主控因素[J]. 矿物岩石, 2023, 43(4): 100-108. XIA Wenqian, LIU Jin, YU Lingjie, et al. Characteristics and main controlling factors of argillaceous limestone reservoir in the first member of Permian Maokou Formation in Fuling area, southeast Sichuan Basin[J]. Mineralogy and Petrology, 2023, 43(4): 100-108
[13]	殷树军, 文政, 金雪英, 等. 泥灰岩非常规储层特征及测井表征方法: 以四川盆地合川—潼南地区茅口组一段为例[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(7): 1105-1117. YIN Shujun, WEN Zheng, JIN Xueying, et al. Characteristics and logging characterization method of unconventional marl reservoir: a case study of the Member 1 of Maokou Formation in Hechuan-Tongnan area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(7): 1105-1117.
[14]	李蓉, 苏成鹏, 石国山, 等. 川南地区二叠系茅口组一段瘤状灰岩储层成因[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2021, 32(6): 806-815. LI Rong, SU Chengpeng, SHI Guoshan, et al. The genesis of nodular limestone reservoirs of the first period of Maokou Formation of Permian in southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021, 32(6): 806-815.
[15]	赵宗举, 周慧, 陈轩, 等. 四川盆地及邻区二叠纪层序岩相古地理及有利勘探区带[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(S2): 35-51. ZHAO Zongju, ZHOU Hui, CHEN Xuan, et al. Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and favorable exploration zones of the Permian in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas, China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(S2): 35-51.
[16]	胡东风, 王良军, 张汉荣, 等. 碳酸盐岩烃源岩气藏的发现及其油气地质意义: 以四川盆地涪陵地区中二叠统茅口组一段气藏为例[J]. 天然气工业, 2020, 40(7): 23-33. HU Dongfeng, WANG Liangjun, ZHANG Hanrong, et al. Discovery of carbonate source rock gas reservoir and its petroleum geological implications: a case study of the gas reservoir in the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the Fuling area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2020, 40(7): 23-33.
[17]	李佳欣, 房大志, 程泽虎. 川东南地区茅口组一段地质特征及天然气富集规律: 以南川区块为例[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 38(4): 12-19. LI Jiaxin, FANG Dazhi, CHENG Zehu. Geological characteristics and natural gas accumulation law of first member of Maokou Formation in southeast Sichuan: a case study of Nanchuan block[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition), 2023, 38(4): 12-19.
[18]	严雅娟, 颜佳新, 武思琴. 黔南地区早二叠世大幅度冰川性海平面下降的沉积学新证据[J]. 地球科学(中国地质大学学报), 2015, 40(2): 372-380. YAN Yajuan, YAN Jiaxin, WU Siqin. Sedimentary records of Early Permian major glacial sea-level falls in southern Guizhou Province, China[J]. Earth Science (Journal of China University of Geosciences), 2015, 40(2): 372-380.
[19]	谭秀成, 肖笛, 陈景山, 等. 早成岩期喀斯特化研究新进展及意义[J]. 古地理学报, 2015, 17(4): 441-456. TAN Xiucheng, XIAO Di, CHEN Jingshan, et al. New advance and enlightenment of Eogenetic karstification[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2015, 17(4): 441-456.
[20]	SU Chengpeng, TAN Xiucheng, SHI Kailan, et al. Characteristics and significance of the penecontemporaneous karst in lacustrine carbonate, Da'anzhai Member, Lower Jurassic, Beibei area, eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum, 2017, 3(3): 292-300.
[21]	HALLOCK P. The role of nutrient availability in bioerosion: consequences to carbonate buildups[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1988, 63(1/3): 275-291.
[22]	PETERHÄ NSEL A, PRATT B R. Nutrient-triggered bioerosion on a giant carbonate platform masking the postextinction Famennian benthic community[J]. Geology, 2001, 29(12): 1079-1082.
[23]	苏成鹏. 华南二叠系乌拉尔统—瓜德鲁普统灰岩—泥灰岩韵律特征、成因机理及地质意义[D]. 成都: 西南石油大学, 2020. SU Chengpeng. Characteristics, genetic mechanism and geological significance of the Cisuralian to Guadalupian limestone-marl alternations in the Permian of South China[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Petroleum University, 2020.
[24]	SUESS E, MVLLER P J. Productivity sedimentation rate and sedimentary organic matter in the oceans: Ⅱ. Elemental fractionation[M]. Paris: Colloques Internationaux du C.N.R.S., 1980.
[25]	WAKEHAM S G, AMANN R, FREEMAN K H, et al. Microbial ecology of the stratified water column of the Black Sea as revealed by a comprehensive biomarker study[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2007, 38(12): 2070-2097.