论我国页岩油气的统一性

郭旭升; 申宝剑; 李志明; 万成祥; 李楚雄; 李倩文

doi:10.11781/sysydz202405889

论我国页岩油气的统一性

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202405889

郭旭升^{1, 2, 3,},
申宝剑^{1, 2, 3, ,},
李志明^{1, 4},
万成祥^{1, 2, 3},
李楚雄^{1, 4},
李倩文^{1, 2, 3}

1.
页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室, 北京 102206
2.
中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室, 北京 102206
3.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206
4.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126

基金项目:

中国石化十条龙项目“复兴侏罗系陆相页岩油气勘探开发关键技术” P21078

详细信息

作者简介:
郭旭升(1965—), 男, 博士, 教授级高级工程师, 中国工程院院士, 主要从事油气勘探研究。E-mail: guoxs@sinopec.com

通讯作者:
申宝剑(1978—), 男, 博士, 研究员, 从事烃源岩及页岩油气地质评价研究。E-mail: shenbj.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE132.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-16
- 修回日期: 2024-08-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-28

Discussion on the uniformity of shale oil and gas in China

GUO Xusheng^{1, 2, 3
,},
SHEN Baojian^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
LI Zhiming^{1, 4},
WAN Chengxiang^{1, 2, 3},
LI Chuxiong^{1, 4},
LI Qianwen^{1, 2, 3}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 102206, China
2.
SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration & Production Technology, Beijing 102206, China
3.
SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China
4.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China

摘要

摘要: 页岩油气是我国重要的油气战略资源，具有赋存于页岩层系中、自生自储的特征。2012年我国涪陵页岩气获得突破，形成了海相页岩气“二元富集”理论，即深水陆棚优质泥页岩发育是页岩气“成烃控储”的基础，良好的保存条件是页岩气“成藏控产”的关键。近年来，页岩油高效勘探开发实践表明，我国陆相页岩油同样具有“二元富集”特征。通过解剖我国典型页岩油气藏特征，将页岩油气纳入同一套成烃、成储、成藏体系中，进一步深化页岩油气“二元富集”理论内涵，形成页岩油气富集统一性新认识，并对未来深化研究趋势进行展望。研究表明：①以半深水—深水陆棚相和半深湖—深湖相为主的沉积环境是页岩油气成烃控储的基础，不仅控制着页岩的有机质丰度与类型，也控制着优质储层和有利岩相组合的分布；②稳定的构造条件、有效的顶底板封盖和页岩自封闭性共同形成的以地层超压为依据的良好的保存条件是页岩油气成藏控产的关键，为页岩油气的富集与高产提供关键保障；③页岩油气形成与富集是一个统一的动态演化体系，以热演化为主线，有序形成页岩油、凝析油和页岩气；④今后研究中重点加强常非一体化的评价思路，深化常非油气资源的分配系数，从整体的角度思考油气的分配规律。相关研究成果对深化页岩油气富集理论和指导页岩油气勘探开发具有重要的科学与实践意义。
- 页岩油气 /
- 富集特征 /
- 沉积环境 /
- 保存条件 /
- 热演化程度 /
- 统一性
Abstract: Shale oil and gas are important strategic resources in China's energy sector, existing in shale formations with self-generation and self-storage characteristics. In 2012, a significant breakthrough was achieved in Fuling, China, with the discovery of marine shale gas, which led to the formulation of the "two-factor enrichment" theory. This theory proposes that the development of high-quality mud shale in deep-water continental shelves is fundamental for hydrocarbon generation and controlled storage, while favorable preservation conditions are key to reservoir formation and controlled production. Recent efficient exploration and development practices in shale oil and gas have indicated that China's continental shale oil also exhibits "two-factor enrichment" characteristics. By analyzing the characteristics of typical shale oil and gas reservoirs in China, this study incorporates shale oil and gas into a unified system of hydrocarbon formation, storage, and accumulation, further deepening the theoretical connotation of the "two-factor enrichment" theory and forming a new understanding of the uniformity in shale oil and gas enrichment. Future research trends are also explored. Results show that: (1) Sedimentary environments dominated by semi-deep to deep-water continental shelves and semi-deep to deep lakes are the basis for hydrocarbon generation and controlled storage, controlling both the abundance and type of organic matter in shales as well as the distribution of high-quality reservoirs and favorable lithofacies combinations. (2) Stable tectonic conditions, effective top and bottom seals, and self-sealing properties of shale, in conjunction with overpressure, provide good preservation conditions that are crucial for reservoir formation and controlled production, providing key guarantees for the enrichment and high production of shale oil and gas. (3) The formation and enrichment of shale oil and gas are part of a unified dynamic evolutionary system, with thermal evolution as the main driver, following the sequential formation of shale oil, condensate oil, and shale gas. (4) Future study should focus on strengthening the integrated evaluation of conventional and non-conventional resources, deepening the understanding of distribution coefficients for conventional and non-conventional oil and gas, and considering the distribution patterns of oil and gas from a holistic perspective. The research results have important scientific and practical significance for deepening the theory of shale oil and gas enrichment and guiding their exploration and development.
- shale oil and gas /
- enrichment characteristics /
- sedimentary environment /
- preservation condition /
- thermal evolution degree /
- uniformity
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

本文作者郭旭升是本刊主编；申宝剑、李志明是本刊编委会成员；全体作者都是本刊主办单位员工。均未参与本文的同行评审或决策。

Author GUO Xusheng is the Editor-in-Chief of this journal. SHEN Baojian and LI Zhiming are Editorial Board Members of this journal. All authors are the employees of the sponsor of this journal. They did not take part in peer review or decision making of this article.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

所有作者均参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The manuscript was drafted and revised by all authors. All authors have read the last version of the paper and consented to its submission.

HTML全文

图 1 重庆漆辽剖面五峰组—龙马溪组页岩沉积相及其主要特征

Figure 1. Sedimentary facies and main characteristics of shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in Qiliao section, Chongqing

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组生物硅格架原生孔内残余液态烃裂解形成的有机质孔

a.放大1 000倍，见生物硅格架；b.放大4 000倍，生物硅格架形态保留完好；c.放大8 000倍，生物硅格架进一步放大；d.放大12 000倍，生物硅格架发育非常丰富的原生粒间孔隙；e.放大50 000倍，生物硅格架原生孔全部充填有机质；f.放大100 000倍，滞留液态烃形成的有机质孔。

Figure 2. Organic matter pores formed by cracking of residual liquid hydrocarbons in primary pores of biogenic silica frameworks in Wufeng-Longmaxi formations, Sichuan Basin

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图 3 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷沙三下亚段富有机质页岩沉积岩相空间分布模式示意^[25]

Figure 3. Spatial distribution of organic-rich shale sedimentary facies in lower sub-member of the 3rd member of Shahejie Formation, Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷LY1井沙三下亚段和沙四上亚段页岩含油性与孔隙度特征

Figure 4. Oil-bearing properties and porosity characteristics of shale in lower sub-member of the 3rd member and upper submember of the 4th member of Shahejie Formation in well LY1, Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

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图 5 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷页岩油勘探系统取心井LY1沙三下和沙四上亚段TOC-S₁关系图

Figure 5. TOC content vs. S₁ for lower sub-member of the 3rd member and upper sub-member of the 4th member of Shahejie Formation in shale oil exploration core well LY1, Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

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图 6 四川盆地典型井五峰组—龙马溪组页岩储层孔隙特征

a.焦页2井，2 575 m，有机质孔发育，孔隙保存良好；b.东页深1井，4 278 m，有机质孔发育，孔隙保存良好；c.民页1井，3 103 m，有机质孔不发育，孔隙保存较差；d.焦页2井页岩孔径分布图，孔隙以中孔为主；e. 东页深1井页岩孔径分布图，孔隙以中孔为主；f.民页1井页岩孔径分布图，孔隙以小孔为主。

Figure 6. Pore characteristics of shale reservoirs in Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in typical wells of Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 我国页岩埋藏过程中成岩作用与孔隙的演化模式据参考文献[61-62]修改。

Figure 7. Evolution patterns of diagenesis and porosity during burial process of shale in China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 我国不同盆地富有机质泥页岩不同热演化阶段孔隙发育特征

a-b.渤海湾盆地，沙三下亚段—沙四上亚段，利页1井，R_o为0.72%~0.85%；c.苏北盆地，阜二段，花页1井，R_o为0.85%~1.05%；d.四川盆地，东岳庙段，兴页1井，R_o为1.43%~1.62%；e.四川盆地，凉高山组，忠1井，R_o为1.28%~1.45%；f.四川盆地，凉高山组，兴页2井，R_o为1.25%~1.47%；g.四川盆地，五峰组—龙马溪组，东页深1井，R_o为2.59%~2.87%。

Figure 8. Pore development characteristics of organic-rich mud shales at different thermal evolution stages in various basins in China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 中国陆相页岩油气藏特征参数

Table 1. Characteristic parameters of continental shale oil and gas reservoirs in China

关键参数	典型地区及层位
关键参数	济阳古近系沙河街组	长庆三叠系延长组	大庆白垩系青山口组	复兴侏罗系凉高山组
埋藏深度/m	3 000~4 200	1 500~2 900	2 000~2 700	2 000~3 000
成熟度R_o/%	0.7~1.0	0.75~1.2	1.2~1.7	1.2~1.7
原油密度/(g/cm³)	0.83~0.88	0.80~0.86	0.77~0.83	0.75~0.79
气油比/(m³/t)	60~1 200	60~120	50~2 000	1 303~2 124
压力系数	1.2~1.8	0.77~0.84	1.2~1.6	1.2~1.9
原油样品

下载: 导出CSV

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