Accumulation conditions and target area evaluation of coalbed methane in eastern uplift of Junggar Basin
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摘要: 准噶尔盆地东部隆起具有较好的煤层气勘探前景，开展煤层气选区与评价，将为该区煤层气勘探提供科学依据和勘探方向。利用探井钻测录试资料、岩心分析测试数据和地震资料，开展井—震标定和地震剖面解释，编制了侏罗系八道湾组和西山窑组煤层连井剖面和煤层厚度分布图；分析了研究区内煤层气气源、煤岩基本特征、储层物性、含气性和保存条件等成藏主控因素。研究表明：①西山窑组煤层在沙奇凸起以北五彩湾凹陷—梧桐窝子凹陷连片分布，在沙奇凸起以南则主要分布于吉木萨尔凹陷—吉南凹陷；八道湾组煤层分割性较强，主要分布于凹陷内部分地区。②区内存在自源型煤层生物成因气、低成熟热成因气和深部外源型高成熟气条件。③煤岩有机组分以惰质组为主，镜质组次之，壳质组少量；煤岩镜质组反射率低(0.39%~0.47%)，为低煤级煤；煤岩瓦斯气体成分主要为N2、CO2和CH4，其中N2占绝对优势；煤岩总含气量中可燃气体(CH4)含量低。④煤层气富集成藏模式分为山前断陷富集成藏模式、深部凹陷富集成藏模式和开放斜坡逸散模式。⑤建立了煤层气评价参数和划分标准，五彩湾凹陷、梧桐窝子凹陷、吉木萨尔凹陷和吉南凹陷为煤层气勘探有利区；沙帐断褶带和石钱滩凹陷为较有利区；石树沟凹陷和古城凹陷为不利区。Abstract: The eastern uplift of the Junggar Basin has great coalbed methane (CBM) exploration potential. CBM selection and evaluation will provide scientific guidance and direction for CBM exploration in the region. Utilizing well logging data, core analysis test results, and seismic data, well-seismic calibration and seismic profile interpretation were carried out. Connecting-well profiles and thickness distribution maps for coal seams in the Jurassic Xishanyao and Badaowan formations were compiled. The study analyzed main accumulation factors, including gas source, basic characteristics of coal rocks, reservoir physical properties, gas content, and preservation conditions. The results show that: ① Coal seams of the Xishanyao Formation are distributed continuously in the Wucaiwan-Wutongwozi sags to the north of the Shaqi Uplift, while to the south of the Shaqi Uplift, the seams are mainly distributed in the Jimusaer-Jinan sags. Coal seams of the Badaowan Formation are strongly segmented and mainly distributed in parts of the sags. ② This region contains self-sourced biogenic gas from coal seams, low-maturity thermogenic gas, and high-maturity deep-seated exogenous gas. ③ The organic components in coal rocks are mainly inertinite, followed by vitrinite with small amounts of exinite. The vitrinite reflectance (Ro) in coal rocks is low (0.39%-0.47%), indicating low-rank coal. CBM mainly consists of N2, CO2, and CH4, with N2 being the dominant component. The combustible gas (CH4) content is low relative to the total gas content in coal rocks. ④ CBM enrichment and accumulation models include piedmont fault depression, deep depression, and open slope gas escape models. ⑤ Evaluation parameters and classification standards were established. The Wucaiwan, Wutongwozi, Jimusaer, and Jinan sags are favorable areas for CBM exploration. The Shazhang fault-fold belt and the Shiqiantan Sag are moderately favorable areas. The Shishugou and Gucheng sags are unfavorable areas.
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图 1 准噶尔盆地东部隆起构造单元划分(a)和中下侏罗统综合柱状剖面(b)
Figure 1. Structural unit division of eastern uplift (a) and comprehensive columnar profile of middle and lower Jurassic (b), Junggar Basin
图 2 准噶尔盆地东部隆起东西(a)、南北(b)向侏罗系西山窑组煤层连井对比
图中井位分布见图 1a。
Figure 2. East-west (a) and north-south (b) connecting-well comparison of coal seams in Jurassic Xishanyao Formation, eastern uplift of Junggar Basin
图 3 准噶尔盆地东部隆起南北向侏罗系八道湾组煤层连井对比
图中井位分布见图 1a。
Figure 3. North-south connecting-well comparison of coal seams in Jurassic Badaowan Formation, eastern uplift of Junggar Basin
图 4 准噶尔盆地东部隆起井—震标定和过井地震剖面
Figure 4. Well-seismic calibration and through-well seismic profile in eastern uplift of Junggar Basin
图 5 准噶尔盆地东部隆起侏罗系西山窑组(a)和八道湾组(b)煤层厚度分布
Figure 5. Thickness distribution of coal seams in Jurassic Xishanyao Formation (a) and Badaowan Formation (b) in eastern uplift of Junggar Basin
图 7 准噶尔盆地东部隆起侏罗系煤岩沉积微相与顶底板组合类型
Figure 7. Sedimentary microfacies and roof and floor combination types of Jurassic coal rocks in eastern uplift of Junggar Basin
图 8 准噶尔盆地东部隆起煤层气成藏模式
剖面位置见图 1。
Figure 8. Coalbed methane accumulation models in eastern uplift of Junggar Basin
表 1 准噶尔盆地侏罗系煤岩有机质丰度数据
Table 1. Organic matter abundance in Jurassic coal rocks of Junggar Basin
层位 地区 有机碳/% 氯仿沥青“A”/(μg/g) 总烃/(μg/g) 生烃潜量/(mg/g) J1b 西北缘 (43.1~64.9)/53.6 (14 307~37 182)/25 745 (3 808~4 944)/4 257 (381.8~698.8)/535.6 南缘 (25.3~91.9)/62.2 (9 777~75 484)/30 770 (1 678~21 747)/9 440 (0.5~325.2)/142.4 东部 (48.9~56.3)/52.9 (9 304~13 143)/11 224 (2 778~4 667)/3 722 (29.7~207.8)/128.2 J2x 西北缘 (15.9~68.5)/40.6 (17 781~26 581)/20 716 (4 506~11 600)/8 053 (103.3~238.6)/160.7 南缘 (20.1~83.9)/63.7 (4 057~65 833)/16 592 (1 621~7 048)/3 894 (0.1~268.1)/126.3 东部 (45.3~87.0)/64.4 (6 944~32 690)/19 817 (2 460~13 063)/7 762 (28.3~98.8)/61.3 注：表中数据的意义为(最小值~最大值)/平均值。 
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表 2 准噶尔盆地东部隆起大庆沟区块侏罗系西山窑组煤岩瓦斯测试结果
Table 2. Coalbed methane gas testing results of Jurassic Xishanyao Formation of Daqinggou block, eastern uplift of Junggar Basin
煤组 瓦斯成分/% 瓦斯含量/(m3/t) 可燃气体(干燥无灰基)含量/(m3/t) CH4 CO2 N2 CH4 CO2 N2 总量 1-3 $\frac{0 \sim 4.55}{0.46} $ $ \frac{0 \sim 17.23}{4.31}$ $\frac{82.77 \sim 100.00}{95.23} $ $\frac{0 \sim 0.038}{0.005} $ $\frac{0.009 \sim 0.165}{0.062} $ $\frac{0.794 \sim 7.304}{2.191} $ $\frac{0.821 \sim 7.423}{2.258} $ $\frac{0.007 \sim 0.137}{0.054} $ 1-2 $\frac{0 \sim 1.39}{0.21} $ $\frac{0 \sim 59.50}{6.65} $ $\frac{39.80 \sim 100.00}{93.14} $ $\frac{0 \sim 0.036}{0.004} $ $\frac{0.016 \sim 0.208}{0.084}$ $\frac{0.969 \sim 5.918}{2.514} $ $\frac{1.010 \sim 6.132}{2.601} $ $\frac{0.013 \sim 0.159}{0.070} $ 1-1 $\frac{0 \sim 2.63}{0.22} $ $\frac{0.47 \sim 38.14}{5.29} $ $\frac{60.89 \sim 99.53}{94.48} $ $\frac{0 \sim 0.038}{0.002} $ $\frac{0.022 \sim 0.211}{0.091} $ $\frac{1.448 \sim 7.961}{3.135} $ $\frac{1.470 \sim 8.115}{3.229} $ $\frac{0.018 \sim 0.136}{0.072} $ 注：表中数据意义为$\frac{\text { 最小值~最大值 }}{\text { 平均值 }} $。
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表 3 准噶尔盆地东部隆起煤层气评价参数及划分标准
Table 3. Evaluation parameters and classification standards for coalbed methane in eastern uplift of Junggar Basin
条件类型 评价参数 有利区(Ⅰ类) 较有利区(Ⅱ类) 不利区(Ⅲ类) 储层条件 煤岩厚度/m ＞20 10~20 ＜10 单层最大厚度/m ＞10 5~10 ＜5 煤岩埋深/m ＞1 000 500~1 000 ＜500 孔隙度/% ＞7 3~7 ＜3 渗透率/10-3μm2 ＞1 0.1~1 ＜0.1 烃源条件 煤岩成熟度Ro/% ＞0.6 0.4~0.6 ＜0.4 外源补给情况 有外源补给 少量外源补给 无补给 资源条件 含气量/(m3/t) ＞4 2~4 ＜2 含气饱和度/% ＞60 10~60 ＜10 资源丰度/(108m3/km2) ＞3 1~3 ＜1 结构条件 煤体结构 原生结构、碎裂煤 碎裂煤 碎粒煤、糜棱煤 割理、裂隙 不发育 少量发育 极发育，较碎 保存条件 构造复杂程度 简单 较简单 断层发育、复杂 封盖组合 封闭性好 封闭性较好 封闭性差 水文地质条件 滞留区 弱径流区 径流区
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表 4 准噶尔盆地东部隆起煤层气评价结果
Table 4. Evaluation results of coalbed methane in eastern uplift of Junggar Basin
评价参数 五彩湾凹陷 沙帐断褶带 石树沟凹陷 石钱滩凹陷 梧桐窝子凹陷 吉木萨尔凹陷 吉南凹陷 古城凹陷 煤岩累积厚度/m 10~25 20~45 30~68 10~40 20~60 10~30 15~40 0~5 单层最大厚度/m 15 25 66 25 8 20.5 21 2 煤岩埋深/m 1 000~2 300 500~1 000 230~600 300~950 450~1200 2 000~2 600 1 000~2 000 1 000~1 200 孔隙度/% 8~15 9~20 10~20 7~20 6~15 6~10 6~10 7~15 渗透率/10-3μm2 2~8 3~8 3~8 3~8 4~12 3~10 4~10 2~8 煤岩成熟度Ro/% 0.6~0.7 0.4~0.5 0.4~0.5 0.5~0.6 0.5~0.6 0.6~0.8 0.6~0.7 0.6~0.7 外源气补给条件 有 少量 少量 有 少量 少量 少量 少量 含气量/(m3/t) 3.0~5.0 1.0~3.0 ＜1.0 1.5~3.5 2.5~4.5 5.0~8.0 5.0~9.0 1.0~3.0 含气饱和度/% 40~50 30~40 ＜30 30~40 30~35 50~55 50~55 ＜30 资源丰度/ (108m3/km2) 2.0~5.0 1.5~3.5 ＜1.5 1.5~3.5 2.5~4.5 3.0~5.5 3.0~5.5 ＜1.5 分布面积/km2 360 365 600 610 750 550 350 350 煤体结构 碎裂煤 碎裂煤 原生结构 原生结构 碎裂煤 碎裂煤 碎裂煤 碎裂煤 割理、裂隙 少量发育 少量发育 少量发育 少量发育 少量发育 少量发育 少量发育 少量发育 构造复杂程度 较复杂 较复杂 较简单 较简单 较复杂 较简单 较复杂 较复杂 封盖条件 较好 较差 较差 较好 较好 好 较好 较好 水文地质条件 较好 较差 较差 较差 较好 好 较好 较好 评价区(类型) 有利区(Ⅰ) 较有利区(Ⅱ) 不利区(Ⅲ) 较有利区(Ⅱ) 有利区(Ⅰ) 有利区(Ⅰ) 有利区(Ⅰ) 不利区(Ⅲ)
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