川南威荣地区龙马溪组草莓状黄铁矿形态及其古环境指示意义

赵国伟; 邓模; 汪远征; 蒋小琼; 曾华盛; 张长江

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025020261

川南威荣地区龙马溪组草莓状黄铁矿形态及其古环境指示意义

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025020261

赵国伟^{1, 2,},
邓模^{1, 2},
汪远征^{1, 2},
蒋小琼^{1, 2},
曾华盛^{1, 2},
张长江^{1, 2}

1.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126
2.
中国石化油气成藏重点实验室, 江苏无锡 214126

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金集成项目 U24B6001

中国石化科技部项目 P24146

详细信息

作者简介:
赵国伟(1985—)，男，博士，副研究员，从事非常规油气地质研究。E-mail: zhaogw.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE132.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-25
- 修回日期: 2025-01-23
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-28

Morphological characteristics of framboidal pyrite and their paleo-environmental significance in Longmaxi Formation of Weirong area, southern Sichuan Basin

ZHAO Guowei^{1, 2
,},
DENG Mo^{1, 2},
WANG Yuanzheng^{1, 2},
JIANG Xiaoqiong^{1, 2},
ZENG Huasheng^{1, 2},
ZHANG Changjiang^{1, 2}

1.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
2.
SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanisms, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China

摘要

摘要: 草莓状黄铁矿的形态对页岩沉积环境和页岩气富集具有重要指示意义。以川南威荣地区WY1井龙马溪组一段页岩为研究对象，利用氩离子抛光扫描电镜观察和ImageJ图像处理等技术，获取了草莓状黄铁矿及其微晶形态与粒径特征，并结合微量元素、有机质丰度、含气性等参数，探讨了草莓状黄铁矿形态对古水体氧化还原环境和页岩气富集的表征作用。威荣地区WY1井龙马溪组一段页岩中草莓状黄铁矿平均粒径、微晶平均粒径及微晶晶型等参数在垂向上变化明显，草莓状黄铁矿平均粒径为4.02 μm，微晶平均粒径为0.45 μm，自下而上黄铁矿及其微晶粒径逐渐增大；下部微晶晶型主要为截角八面体，上部为截角八面体辅以八面体和截角四面体，自下而上微晶圆度逐渐减小。草莓状黄铁矿及其微晶形态参数特征表明，龙马溪组一段沉积水体还原性逐渐减弱，从硫化—缺氧环境转变为贫氧环境，这与微量元素所反映的氧化还原环境吻合较好。此外，有机质含量、解吸气含量与黄铁矿含量具有明显的正相关性，而与草莓状黄铁矿粒径及其微晶粒径具有明显的负相关性，指示硫化—缺氧环境有利于有机质富集和页岩气生成、储集和保存。
- 草莓状黄铁矿 /
- 氧化还原环境 /
- 沉积环境 /
- 页岩气 /
- 龙马溪组 /
- 威荣地区 /
- 川南地区
Abstract: The morphological characteristics of framboidal pyrite have important indicative significance for the shale sedimentary environments and shale gas enrichment. Taking the shale in the first member of the Longmaxi Formation from well WY1 in the Weirong area of southern Sichuan Basin as the study subject, argon ion scanning electron microscopic analyses and ImageJ image processing were conducted to obtain the morphological characteristics and particle sizes of framboidal pyrite and its microcrystals. By analyzing parameters such as trace elements, organic matter abundance, and gas content, the study explored the indicative role of framboidal pyrite morphology in paleo-water redox environments and shale gas enrichment. The results demonstrated that parameters such as the average particle size of framboidal pyrite, the average particle size of microcrystals, and the crystalline structures showed significant variations vertically. The average particle sizes of pyrite and its microcrystals were 4.02 μm and 0.45 μm, respectively. The particle sizes of both pyrite and its microcrystal gradually increased from bottom to top. The crystalline structure of microcrystals from the lower part was mainly truncated octahedrons, and the upper part featured truncated octahedrons, supplemented by octahedrons and truncated tetrahedrons. The roundness of microcrystals gradually decreased from bottom to top. The morphological characteristics of framboidal pyrite and its microcrystals indicated that the reducibility of the sedimentary water body in the first member of the Longmaxi Formation gradually weakened, transitioning from an euxinic and anoxic environment to a suboxic environment. This aligned well with the redox environment reflected by trace elements. Furthermore, contents of organic matter and desorbed gas showed a significant positive correlation with pyrite content, but a clear negative correlation with the particle sizes of framboidal pyrite and its microcrystals. The findings show that an euxinic and anoxic environment is favorable for the enrichment of organic matter and the generation, accumulation, and preservation of shale gas.
- framboidal pyrite /
- redox environment /
- sedimentary environment /
- shale gas /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- Weirong area /
- southern Sichuan Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

赵国伟、邓模、汪远征、蒋小琼、曾华盛、张长江是本刊主办单位员工，均未参与本文的同行评审、编审流程或决策。

All authors are employees of the sponsor of this journal. They did not take part in peer review or decision making of this article.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

赵国伟提供研究思路并完成论文主体内容撰写与修改；邓模参与实验设计和数据处理；汪远征完成图像处理与数据统计；蒋小琼、曾华盛、张长江协助完成资料收集与样品采集。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

ZHAO Guowei provided research ideas and completed the writing and revision of the main content of the paper. DENG Mo participated in experimental design and data processing. WANG Yuanzheng completed image processing and data statistics. JIANG Xiaoqiong, ZENG Huasheng, and ZHANG Changjiang assisted in completing material and sample collection. All authors have read the final version of the paper and consented to its submission.

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图 1 川南地区下志留统龙马溪组沉积相(a)和WY1井岩性柱状图(b)

Figure 1. Sedimentary facies (a) and lithological column of well WY1 (b) of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

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图 2 ImageJ软件分析草莓状黄铁矿及其微晶流程

a.黄铁矿图像转变为灰度模式与比例尺校正；b.调整阈值使黄铁矿与背景分离；c.填充草莓状黄铁矿中的空隙；d.对颗粒进行计数分析获取草莓状黄铁矿形态参数；e.草莓状黄铁矿微晶图像转变为灰度模式与比例尺校正；f.调整阈值使微晶与背景分离；g.将接触的微晶颗粒分离；h.对微晶进行计数分析获取微晶形态参数。

Figure 2. Workflow for analyzing framboidal pyrite and its microcrystals using ImageJ software

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图 3 川南威荣地区WY1井下志留统龙马溪组地球化学和草莓状黄铁矿参数

Figure 3. Geochemical and framboidal pyrite parameters of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in well WY1, Weirong area, southern Sichuan Basin

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图 4 川南威荣地区WY1井下志留统龙马溪组草莓状黄铁矿赋存状态与微晶形态

a.草莓状黄铁矿平行于层面分布，样品15, 3 540.9 m；b.草莓状黄铁矿与有机质伴生，样品13, 3 561.2 m；c.草莓状黄铁矿集合体，样品1, 3 583.3 m；d.草莓状黄铁矿微晶重结晶，样品3，3 579.7 m；e.黄铁矿自形晶，样品2, 3 581.6 m；f.黄铁矿自形晶与黏土矿物集合体，样品13, 3 561.2 m；g.草莓状黄铁矿微晶呈截角八面体，样品2, 3 581.6 m；h.草莓状黄铁矿微晶呈截角八面体，样品5, 3 575.9 m；i.草莓状黄铁矿微晶呈截角八面体，样品6, 3 573.7 m；j.草莓状黄铁矿微晶呈八面体，样品10, 3 566.6 m；k.草莓状黄铁矿微晶呈截角四面体，样品12, 3 563.3 m；l.草莓状黄铁矿微晶呈截角八面体，样品16, 3 530.5 m。

Figure 4. Occurrence state and microcrystal morphologies of framboidal pyrite in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in well WY1, Weirong area, southern Sichuan Basin

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图 5 川南威荣地区WY1井下志留统龙马溪组一段草莓状黄铁矿粒径数据可靠性评价

a.抛光前、后草莓状黄铁矿平均粒径对比；b.抛光前、后草莓状黄铁矿微晶平均粒径对比；c.本方法获得黄铁矿面积占比与X衍射全岩黄铁矿含量对比。

Figure 5. Reliability evaluation of particle size data of framboidal pyrite in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in well WY1, Weirong area, southern Sichuan Basin

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图 6 川南威荣地区WY1井下志留统龙马溪组一段草莓状黄铁矿粒径(a)、微晶粒径(b)分布

Figure 6. Distribution of particle size (a) and microcrystal size (b) of framboidal pyrite in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in well WY1, Weirong area, southern Sichuan Basin

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图 7 川南威荣地区WY1井下志留统龙马溪组一段草莓状黄铁矿粒径与标准偏差(a)、偏态系数(b)的关系

Figure 7. Relationship between particle size of framboidal pyrite and standard deviation (a) and skewness coefficient (b) in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in well WY1, Weirong area, southern Sichuan

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图 8 川南威荣地区WY1井下志留统龙马溪组一段草莓状黄铁矿含量(a)、粒径(b)、微晶粒径(c)与TOC含量的关系

Figure 8. Relationship between framboidal pyrite content (a), particle size (b), and microcrystal size (c) with TOC content in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in well WY1, Weirong area, southern Sichuan Basin

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图 9 川南威荣地区WY1井下志留统龙马溪组一段草莓状黄铁矿含量(a)、粒径(b)、微晶粒径(c)与解吸气量的关系

Figure 9. Relationship between framboidal pyrite content (a), particle size (b), and microcrystal size (c) with desorbed gas content in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in well WY1, Weirong area, southern Sichuan Basin

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表 1 川南威荣地区WY1井下志留统龙马溪组一段地球化学和草莓状黄铁矿相关参数

Table 1. Geochemical and framboidal pyrite-related parameters of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in well WY1, Weirong area, southern Sichuan Basin

亚段	样品号	样品深度/m	ω(TOC)/%	V/Cr	Ni/Co	U/Th	X衍射全岩黄铁矿含量/%	分散状黄铁矿面积占比/%	草莓状黄铁矿							草莓状黄铁矿微晶						含气量
亚段	样品号	样品深度/m	ω(TOC)/%	V/Cr	Ni/Co	U/Th	X衍射全岩黄铁矿含量/%	分散状黄铁矿面积占比/%	数量/个	平均粒径/μm	最小粒径/μm	最大粒径/μm	粒径标准偏差/μm	偏态系数	平均圆度	数量/个	平均粒径/μm	最小粒径/μm	最大粒径/μm	粒径标准偏差/μm	偏态系数	解吸气量/(m³/t)
三	18	3 510.0	0.10	1.40	2.27	0.16	0.6	0.41	66	4.25	1.94	9.08	1.86	1.02	0.72	51	0.51	0.24	0.68	0.11	-1.04	0.14
	17	3 520.3	0.22	1.33	2.88	0.17	1.7	0.41	175	4.16	2.10	17.10	1.89	3.22	0.77	201	0.77	0.32	1.80	0.35	4.13	0.20
	16	3 530.5	0.15	1.29	2.65	0.19	0.7	0.69	114	4.14	1.96	9.82	1.67	1.20	0.81	212	0.64	0.22	1.29	0.20	-0.01	0.16
二	15	3 540.9	0.62	1.41	3.00	0.26	3.7	1.26	172	4.55	2.10	11.59	1.86	1.28	0.81	25	0.60	0.17	1.43	0.30	1.07	0.20
二	14	3 548.9	1.65	1.87	3.94	0.40	2.9	0.50	136	3.89	2.02	7.18	1.24	0.86	0.76	98	0.40	0.21	0.52	0.07	-0.84	0.41
一	13	3 561.2	1.87	2.92	5.66	0.35	2.5	0.44	108	3.97	2.01	9.29	1.46	1.53	0.72	195	0.58	0.21	1.43	0.16	0.41	0.37
	12	3 563.3	2.57	3.39	6.92	0.82	3.7	1.58	192	4.73	1.98	15.76	2.25	1.92	0.76	275	0.45	0.19	0.87	0.11	0.47	0.58
	11	3 565.2	3.55	3.34	8.59	1.12	5.0	1.49	113	4.48	2.24	12.31	1.74	1.63	0.81	188	0.33	0.21	0.50	0.05	0.49	0.59
	10	3 566.6	2.69	3.43	9.98	0.73	3.7	0.91	155	4.31	2.01	9.21	1.57	0.85	0.76	56	0.59	0.25	0.83	0.17	-0.47
	9	3 567.7	3.30	1.34	3.17	0.36	4.6	1.37	417	3.49	1.78	9.24	1.23	1.09	0.74	271	0.36	0.14	0.79	0.14	0.46	0.72
	8	3 569.6	2.45	2.82	6.44	0.58	3.4	0.55	138	3.86	2.08	10.89	1.53	2.20	0.77	69	0.48	0.16	0.70	0.12	-1.05
	7	3 571.7	2.82	4.35	6.40	0.66	3.1	0.56	194	3.89	2.13	16.63	1.93	3.12	0.68	67	0.24	0.03	0.39	0.10	5.43	0.77
	6	3 573.7	2.79	2.63	5.39	0.59	4.1	0.80	180	3.30	1.44	10.53	1.47	1.75	0.74	277	0.55	0.23	0.92	0.11	-0.57
	5	3 575.9	3.55	2.42	5.47	0.60	3.9	0.87	115	4.06	2.02	8.29	1.43	0.90	0.75	220	0.37	0.11	0.72	0.13	-0.99	0.48
	4	3 578.2	2.22	3.74	5.38	0.57	3.2	0.50	131	3.77	2.00	8.41	1.35	0.99	0.79	84	0.41	0.15	0.59	0.10	-0.73	0.51
	3	3 579.7	2.56	3.43	6.95	0.73	3.2	0.67	81	4.64	2.40	10.09	1.81	1.25	0.76	264	0.43	0.16	0.91	0.09	0.02	0.59
	2	3 581.6	3.44	2.31	5.30	1.11	4.7	0.94	14	2.95	1.57	5.78	1.29	1.44	0.67	124	0.47	0.23	0.87	0.11	0.39	0.44
	1	3 583.3	2.65	2.62	5.51	0.63	4.2	1.14	7	4.38	2.98	6.83	1.34	1.12	0.70	2 113	0.39	0.15	1.01	0.12	0.65	0.38

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