川东北地区侏罗系凉高山组页岩储层孔隙结构及分形特征

李琦; 陈睿倩; 商斐; 李玲; 白昕

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025020323

川东北地区侏罗系凉高山组页岩储层孔隙结构及分形特征

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025020323

李琦^{1, 2,},
陈睿倩^{1, 2, ,},
商斐³,
李玲^{1, 2},
白昕^{1, 2}

1.
中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 北京 102249
2.
中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
3.
中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

中国石油西南油气田分公司科技计划项目“川东北地区侏罗系下统凉高山组页岩油气地质特征研究” JS2022-90

详细信息

作者简介:
李琦(2000—)，女，硕士生，从事页岩储层评价相关研究。E-mail: 270331500@qq.com

通讯作者:
陈睿倩(1987—)，女，博士，副教授，从事石油地质学和地球化学研究。E-mail: richen@cup.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE122.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-02
- 修回日期: 2025-02-10
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-28

Pore structure and fractal characteristics of shale reservoirs in Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

LI Qi^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Ruiqian^{1, 2
, ,},
SHANG Fei³,
LI Ling^{1, 2},
BAI Xin^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2.
College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3.
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083

摘要

摘要: 川东北地区侏罗系凉高山组作为四川盆地页岩油重点勘探层段，因勘探程度较低，目前页岩储层特征尚不明确。利用X射线衍射矿物分析、扫描电子显微镜分析、高压压汞、低温氮气吸附等实验，深入探究其储集空间类型与分形特征。研究区凉高山组页岩矿物组成主要为黏土矿物(平均含量51.57%)，其次为长英质矿物(平均含量47.11%)，碳酸盐矿物极少(平均含量2.69%)。储集空间类型主要包括黏土矿物层间孔、石英与长石粒间孔以及微裂缝，低温氮气吸附曲线形态接近国际理论与应用化学联合会页岩孔径划分方法中的Ⅳ类，指示狭缝型孔隙。按照压汞曲线形态及储层物性参数特征，将研究区页岩储层分为四类，从Ⅰ到Ⅳ类，排驱压力、中值压力增大，最大进汞饱和度减小，储层非均质性增强。“FHH”模型显示孔隙表面分形维数D_N1大于孔隙结构分形维数D_N2，表明孔隙表面的复杂程度高于内部；“含水饱和度法”计算结果显示大孔隙分形维数D₁平均值为2.991 2，小孔隙分形维数D₂平均值为2.679 2，大孔隙分形维数更接近于3且分布更集中，表明非均质性更强的大孔隙对储层的贡献更大。相关性分析显示，D₁与矿物组分含量(石英、黏土矿物)、孔喉结构参数存在相关性，证明大孔隙是研究区页岩储集与空间的主要贡献者。通过定性与定量分析对川东北地区凉高山组页岩进行储层评价，为后续该地区有利勘探层段评价与优选提供了思路。
- 页岩 /
- 低温氮气吸附 /
- 高压压汞 /
- 分形维数 /
- 储层非均质性 /
- 凉高山组 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: The Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin is a key exploration target for shale oil. However, due to limited exploration in this area, the shale reservoir characteristics remain unclear. Experiments such as X-ray diffraction mineral analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, high-pressure mercury intrusion, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption were conducted to systematically study the storage space types and fractal features of the Lianggaoshan Formation shale reservoir. The primary mineral composition of the Lianggaoshan Formation reservoir in the northeastern Sichuan Basin is clay minerals, with an average content of 51.57%, followed by feldspar and quartz minerals at an average of 47.11%, while carbonate minerals are scarce, averaging 2.69%. The dominant storage space types mainly include interlayer pores of clay minerals, intergranular pores between quartz and feldspar, and micro-fractures. The low-temperature nitrogen adsorption curve of the Lianggaoshan Formation shale aligns with type Ⅳ in the classification system of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, indicating slit-type pores. Based on the morphology of mercury intrusion curves and reservoir physical properties, the reservoir is divided into four types. From type Ⅰ to type Ⅳ, drainage pressure and median pressure increase, whereas maximum mercury saturation decreases, leading to enhanced reservoir heterogeneity. The "FHH"model calculations show that the pore surface fractal dimension (D_N1) is greater than the pore structure fractal dimension (D_N2), indicating that the pore surface exhibits greater complexity than the internal pore structure. The average fractal dimension D₁ of large pores, calculated using the water saturation method, averages 2.991 2, while that of small pores (D₂) averages 2.679 2. The larger pores have a fractal dimension closer to 3 and exhibit a more concentrated distribution, indicating that highly heterogeneous large pores contribute more significantly to the reservoir. Correlation analysis shows that there is a correlation between D and the contents of minerals (quartz and clay minerals) as well as pore-throat struture parameters, proving that large pores are the main contributers to the shale reservoir space in the study area. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, this paper conducts a reservoir evaluation of the Lianggaoshan Formation shale in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, offering insights for the subsequent evaluation and selection of favorable exploration intervals in this area.
- shale /
- low-temperature nitrogen adsorption /
- high-pressure mercury intrusion /
- fractal dimension /
- reservoir heterogeneity /
- Lianggaoshan Formation /
- Sichuan Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

作者陈睿倩是本刊青年编委会成员，未参与本文的同行评审或决策。

Author CHEN Ruiqian is a Young Editorial Board Member of this journal, and she did not take part in peer review or decision making of this article.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

李琦、陈睿倩参与论文写作和修改；李琦、李玲、白昕完成实验操作与数据分析；商斐提供样品与资料支持。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The manuscript was drafted and revised by LI Qi and CHEN Ruiqian. The experimental operation and data analysis were completed by LI Qi, LI Ling, and BAI Xin, while SHANG Fei provided sample and data support. All authors have read the final version of the paper and consented to its submission.

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图 1 四川盆地构造分区及研究区位置

据参考文献[11]修改。

Figure 1. Tectonic divisions of Sichuan Basin and location of study area

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图 2 川东北侏罗系凉高山组地层柱状图

据参考文献[11]修改。

Figure 2. Stratigraphic column of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

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图 3 川东北侏罗系凉高山组矿物组成条形图

Figure 3. Bar chart of mineral composition in Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

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图 4 川东北侏罗系凉高山组矿物组成三角图

Figure 4. Ternary diagram of mineral composition in Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

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图 5 川东北侏罗系凉高山组页岩储集空间类型

a.狭缝状黏土矿物层间孔，会浅1井，1 764.20 m；b.网状黏土矿物层间孔，五宝浅020-H₁井，3 183.66 m；c.石英与长石粒间孔，可见缩颈型喉道，会浅1井，1 898.00 m；d.草莓状黄铁矿，会浅1井，1 765.28 m；e.长石内溶蚀孔，会浅1井，1 765.28 m；f.岩屑溶蚀孔，五宝浅020-H₁井，3 177.36 m；g.块状有机质，可见有机质收缩缝，中兴1井，1 901.35 m；h.凹坑状有机质孔，会浅1井，1 902.01 m；i.条带状有机质，可见狭缝状有机质孔，五宝浅020-H₁井，3 187.00 m；j.构造微裂缝，可见黄铁矿晶体，中兴1井，1 905.48 m；k.构造微裂缝，五宝浅020-H₁井，3 180.24 m；l.有机质收缩缝，可见层状黏土矿物，中兴1井，1 897.65 m。

Figure 5. Types of reservoir space in shale from Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

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图 6 川东北侏罗系凉高山组四类储层压汞曲线

Figure 6. High-pressure mercury intrusion curves of four types of reservoirs in Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

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图 7 川东北侏罗系凉高山组页岩低温氮气吸附脱附曲线

Figure 7. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and desorption curves of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation shale, northeastern Sichuan Basin

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图 8 川东北侏罗系凉高山组四类储层氮气吸附分形结果

Figure 8. Fractal analysis results of nitrogen adsorption in four types of reservoirs of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

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图 9 川东北侏罗系凉高山组四类储层高压压汞分形结果

Figure 9. Fractal results based on high-pressure mercury intrusion in four types of reservoirs of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

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图 10 川东北侏罗系凉高山组矿物组分含量与分形维数关系

Figure 10. Correlation between mineral composition and fractal dimension of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

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图 11 川东北侏罗系凉高山组储层物性与分形维数关系

Figure 11. Correlation between reservoir physical properties and fractal dimension of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

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图 12 川东北侏罗系凉高山组孔喉结构参数与分形维数关系

Figure 12. Correlation between pore-throat structure parameters and fractal dimension of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

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图 13 川东北侏罗系凉高山组TOC含量与分形维数关系

Figure 13. Correlation between TOC content and fractal dimension of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

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表 1 川东北侏罗系凉高山组页岩基本物性及孔喉结构参数

Table 1. Basic physical properties and pore-throat structure parameters of shale from Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

样品编号	分类	井深/m	孔隙度/%	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	排驱压力/MPa	中值压力/MPa	最大进汞饱和度/%	分选系数
WB-5	Ⅰ	3 184.66	4.81	0.003 01	0.182 6	1.453 6	90.73	2.798 2
HQ1-2	Ⅰ	1 765.28	2.47	0.060 80	0.292 0	2.135 0	89.89	2.672 6
HQ1-3	Ⅰ	1 889.17	2.30	3.330 00	0.191 6	3.106 2	88.79	2.923 3
WB-4	Ⅰ	3 183.66	4.35	0.086 90	0.182 2	1.566 1	87.75	2.738 1
WB-6	Ⅱ	3 187.00	3.54	0.050 10	0.463 4	3.554 6	91.38	2.752 3
WB-1	Ⅱ	3 176.10	2.10	0.052 00	0.463 9	4.415 2	88.33	2.944 2
HQ1-1	Ⅱ	1 764.20	1.96	0.048 90	0.459 2	3.899 9	91.44	2.623 0
WB-2	Ⅱ	3 177.36	8.08	0.038 00	0.458 9	4.271 6	88.45	2.763 3
WB-3	Ⅱ	3 179.54	8.88	0.033 00	0.457 2	2.056 9	91.73	2.348 5
HQ1-8	Ⅲ	1 902.01	6.60	0.013 20	0.730 0	10.150 4	87.08	2.911 0
HQ1-7	Ⅲ	1 900.39	7.80	0.005 44	0.734 9	22.598 3	87.62	2.874 1
ZX1-1	Ⅳ	1 901.35	11.45	0.014 40	1.135 5	12.969 6	83.02	2.870 0
HQ1-4	Ⅳ	1 894.61	2.15	0.004 69	1.158 8	13.177 9	85.87	2.718 2
HQ1-5	Ⅳ	1 897.15	3.97	0.006 29	1.158 9	4.298 5	87.05	2.494 2
HQ1-9	Ⅳ	1 915.01	5.79	0.006 65	1.160 1	47.529 0	84.67	2.984 1
HQ1-6	Ⅳ	1 898.00	10.19	0.001 53	1.838 1	11.855 9	83.71	2.622 5

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表 2 川东北侏罗系凉高山组页岩氮气吸附分形维数计算结果

Table 2. Fractal dimension calculation of nitrogen adsorption in shale from Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

样品编号	分类	D_N1	R₁²	D_N2	R₂²
WB-5	Ⅰ	2.640 7	0.997 1	2.599 9	0.999 7
HQ1-2	Ⅰ	2.649 3	0.997 9	2.601 9	0.999 0
HQ1-3	Ⅰ	2.652 7	0.986 7	2.584 0	0.996 0
WB-4	Ⅰ	2.485 8	0.991 3	2.578 1	0.992 0
WB-6	Ⅱ	2.607 6	0.994 6	2.599 9	0.952 4
WB-1	Ⅱ	2.665 6	0.994 4	2.650 3	0.996 6
HQ1-1	Ⅱ	2.667 9	0.994 7	2.658 3	0.988 0
WB-2	Ⅱ	2.610 1	0.994 8	2.789 5	0.961 5
WB-3	Ⅱ	2.694 1	0.993 2	2.599 8	0.999 3
HQ1-7	Ⅲ	2.712 6	0.994 6	2.589 3	0.998 5
HQ1-8	Ⅲ	2.684 5	0.990 7	2.603 9	0.999 4
HQ1-6	Ⅳ	2.703 2	0.990 8	2.613 6	0.999 3
HQ1-5	Ⅳ	2.693 0	0.992 2	2.614 4	0.999 0
HQ1-4	Ⅳ	2.665 4	0.998 5	2.620 6	0.999 5
ZX1-1	Ⅳ	2.682 4	0.992 4	2.552 9	0.993 8
HQ1-9	Ⅳ	2.662 1	0.996 4	2.592 8	0.999 4

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表 3 川东北侏罗系凉高山组页岩高压压汞分形维数计算结果

Table 3. Fractal dimension calculation based on high-pressure mercury intrusion in shale from Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin

样品编号	分类	D₁	R₁²	D₂	R₂²
WB-5	Ⅰ	2.995 6	0.327 9	2.694 3	0.972 6
HQ1-2	Ⅰ	2.971 0	0.292 5	2.660 8	0.971 8
HQ1-3	Ⅰ	2.976 8	0.454 9	2.677 0	0.966 5
WB-4	Ⅰ	2.983 7	0.380 8	2.719 1	0.992 0
WB-6	Ⅱ	2.996 7	0.407 4	2.685 8	0.981 8
WB-1	Ⅱ	2.984 2	0.265 5	2.700 3	0.918 3
HQ1-1	Ⅱ	2.996 9	0.392 4	2.619 8	0.972 9
WB-2	Ⅱ	2.987 9	0.270 7	2.675 3	0.971 4
WB-3	Ⅱ	2.993 2	0.298 2	2.617 3	0.992 2
HQ1-7	Ⅲ	2.989 9	0.642 9	2.722 1	0.976 3
HQ1-8	Ⅲ	2.999 8	0.230 4	2.746 1	0.965 2
HQ1-6	Ⅳ	2.996 3	0.188 7	2.631 2	0.983 7
HQ1-5	Ⅳ	2.998 7	0.284 2	2.665 9	0.985 9
HQ1-4	Ⅳ	2.999 8	0.231 9	2.664 9	0.955 1
ZX1-1	Ⅳ	2.988 0	0.279 9	2.687 5	0.926 5
HQ1-9	Ⅳ	2.998 3	0.351 2	2.699 1	0.826 3

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