Optimization design of geothermal field development schemes based on hydraulic, thermal and chemical coupled numerical simulation: a case study of karst thermal reservoir in Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province
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摘要: 为优化河北雄安新区岩溶热储的地热资源开发方案，在构建三维地质模型的基础上，对地热田开采状态进行水—热—化多场耦合数值模拟。通过敏感性分析，探讨开采时间、采灌流量、井距、回灌温度和回灌率等关键参数对地热田开发效果的影响。结果表明，地热井开采时间延长会导致温度下降和热突破现象，在现有开发场景下，100年开采周期内雄县及容城地区部分地热井温度下降可达4 ℃。减少开采流量或增加井距能有效延缓热突破，延长地热田寿命。在雄县地区，建议井距保持在500~600 m。回灌温度对地热田整体温度场影响不大，但降低回灌温度可提高热利用率。回灌率对地下水位影响显著，100%回灌率能维持地下水位稳定，而90%回灌率会导致地下水位持续下降。总之，合理调整开采周期、采灌流量、井距和回灌策略，可以有效延长地热田的使用寿命，并提高资源利用效率。
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关键词:
- 地热田开发方案 /
- 水—热—化耦合数值模拟 /
- 岩溶热储 /
- 雄安新区 /
Abstract: For the optimization design of geothermal resource development schemes in karst thermal reservoirs of the Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province, a hydraulic, thermal and chemical multi-field coupled numerical simulation was conducted on the geothermal field's extraction status based on a three-dimensional geological model. The influence of key parameters such as extraction duration, extraction and recharge flow rates, well spacing, recharge temperature, and recharge rate on the effectiveness of geothermal field development was discussed using sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the extension of the extraction time of geothermal wells led to temperature decline and thermal breakthrough. In the current development scenario, the temperature of some geothermal wells in Xiongxian and Rongcheng areas could decrease by up to 4 ℃ over a 100-year extraction cycle. Reducing extraction flow rates and increasing well spacing could effectively delay thermal breakthrough and ensure the longevity of geothermal fields. In Xiongxian area, it was recommended that the well spacing should be kept from 500 to 600 m. The recharge temperature had little effect on the overall temperature field of the geothermal field, but reducing the recharge temperature could improve thermal utilization. The recharge rate had a significant impact on groundwater levels. A 100% recharge rate could maintain water level stability, while a 90% recharge rate could lead to a continuous decline in groundwater levels. In general, reasonable adjustment of the extraction cycle, extraction and recharge flow rates, well spacing, and recharge strategy can effectively extend the service life of geothermal fields and improve resource utilization efficiency. -
图 1 河北雄安新区区域地质概况据参考文献[10]修改。
Figure 1. Geological map of Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province
图 3 河北雄安新区三维构造模型
Figure 3. Three-dimensional structural model of Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province
图 4 河北雄安新区热采区雾迷山组孔隙度三维物性模型
Figure 4. Three-dimensional porosity model of Wumishan Formation in thermal extraction zone of Xiong'an New area, Hebei Province
图 5 河北雄安新区热采区雾迷山组渗透率三维物性模型
Figure 5. Three-dimensional permeability model of Wumishan Formation in thermal extraction zone of Xiong'an New area, Hebei Province
图 6 河北雄安新区实测温度与计算模拟结果对比
Figure 6. Comparison between measured temperatures and simulation results in Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province
图 7 河北雄安新区开采100年后1 500 m深度储层温度分布模拟
Figure 7. Temperature distribution simulation in deep reservoirs(1 500 m) after 100 years of extraction in Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province
图 8 河北雄安新区所有开采井在现有采灌情景下100年之后开采温度的变化模拟
Figure 8. Simulation of changes in extraction temperatures of all wells after 100 years under current extraction and recharge scenario in Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province
图 9 河北雄安新区所有开采井在现有采灌情景下100年之后开采井水位的变化模拟
Figure 9. Simulation of changes in water levels of all extraction wells after 100 years under current extraction and recharge scenario in Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province
图 10 河北雄安新区盛唐2井在不同流量下100年开采周期内温度演变模拟
Figure 10. Simulation of temperature evolution in well Shengtang 2 at different flow rates over a 100-year extraction cycle in Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province
图 11 河北雄安新区盛唐2井在不同流量下100年开采周期内井底压力演变
Figure 11. Well bottom pressure evolution in well Shengtang 2 at different flow rates over a 100-year extraction cycle in Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province
图 12 河北雄安新区不同井距对开采井温度的影响
Figure 12. Influence of different well spacing on extraction well temperature in Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province
图 13 河北雄安新区不同井距对开采井水位的影响
Figure 13. Influence of different well spacing on extraction well water levels in Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province
图 14 河北雄安新区绿港地热井不同回灌水温度情景下开采井井底温度变化
Figure 14. Temperature changes at extraction well bottom under different recharge water temperature scenarios in Lügang geothermal well of Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province
图 15 回灌率为90%时各开采井在100年开采周期内井底压力的演变
Figure 15. Well bottom pressure evolution in each extraction well over a 100-year extraction cycle with a 90% recharge rate
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