致密油藏压裂吞吐动态渗吸产油贡献量化研究

刘红现; 白雷; 罗强; 刘同敬; 孙江飞; 刘佳幸

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025020417

致密油藏压裂吞吐动态渗吸产油贡献量化研究

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025020417

1.
中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区石油学院，新疆克拉玛依 834000
2.
中国石油新疆油田公司实验检测研究院，新疆克拉玛依 834000
3.
中国石油大学(北京) 非常规油气科学技术研究院，北京 102249

基金项目:

省部级基金新疆天山创新团队项目“油气高效管输技术研究与应用创新” 2022TSYCTD0002

详细信息

作者简介:
刘红现(1978—)，男，博士，副教授，从事油气田开发工程方向的教学及研究。E-mail: liuhongxian@cup.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刘同敬(1972—)，男，博士，副研究员，博士生导师，从事油气田开发工程方向的教学及研究。E-mail: ltjcup@cup.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE357
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-18
- 修回日期: 2025-02-08
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-28

Quantitative study on contribution of dynamic imbibition to oil production during fracturing and huff-n-puff in tight reservoirs

1.
Petroleum Institute, China University of Petroleum (Beijing) at Karamay, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China
2.
Experimental Testing Research Institute, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China
3.
Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

摘要

摘要: 致密油藏压裂吞吐是一个动态渗吸过程，主要通过压差驱替作用和自发渗吸作用实现原油增产，但目前尚不清楚这两种增油机理对产油量量化的贡献程度。为研究致密砾岩油藏压裂吞吐采油过程中，动态渗吸增油机理对产油贡献的量化分析问题，借助高温高压多功能岩心驱替系统和高温高压在线驱替核磁共振成像系统，采用天然致密砾岩油藏岩心，开展室内物理模拟实验。首先通过不同类型压裂驱油剂的渗吸特征实验，筛选渗吸效果较好的压裂驱油剂类型；然后依据压裂吞吐采油效果评价实验，优选采油效果最好的压裂驱油剂；最后通过采油效果影响因素实验，对压裂吞吐采油的动态渗吸增油机理进行量化分析。实验结果显示：表面活性剂和流动控制剂的渗吸效果均较好，流动控制剂更有助于提高压裂吞吐的采油效果，渗吸作用和驱替作用在动态渗吸过程中对产油贡献的变化规律是相反的。当压裂驱油剂降低界面张力和改变湿润性的能力较强时，渗吸作用为主要增油机理，反之驱替作用为主要增油机理；表面活性剂和流动控制剂的渗吸效果都比较好，但前者对吞吐轮次的敏感程度较弱，后者的敏感程度较强；焖井时间是影响动态渗吸过程中渗吸/驱替贡献率的主要因素，但驱替贡献率始终大于渗吸贡献率。
- 致密油藏 /
- 压裂吞吐 /
- 量化分析 /
- 渗吸贡献率 /
- 驱替贡献率
Abstract: Fracturing and huff-n-puff in tight reservoirs is a dynamic imbibition process, where crude oil recovery is enhanced mainly through two mechanisms: differential pressure displacement and spontaneous imbibition. However, the contribution rate of these two mechanisms to the quantification of overall oil recovery remains unclear. To address this, a quantitative analysis was conducted on the contribution of dynamic imbibition mechanisms during fracturing and huff-n-puff oil recovery in tight conglomerate reservoirs. Laboratory physical simulation experiments were carried out using natural tight conglomerate reservoir cores, utilizing a high-temperature and high-pressure multi-functional core displacement system and a high-temperature and high-pressure online displacement nuclear magnetic resonance imaging system. Firstly, experiments were conducted on the imbibition characteristics of different types of fracturing oil displacement agents, and the agents with superior imbibition effects were screened out. Secondly, based on evaluations of fracturing and huff-n-puff oil recovery, the most effective fracturing oil displacement agent was identified. Finally, through analyzing factors influencing oil recovery, a quantitative assessment of the production enhancement mechanisms of dynamic imbibition in fracturing and huff-n-puff oil recovery was carried out. The experimental results showed that both surfactants and flow control agents exhibited strong imbibition effects, with flow control agents more effective in enhancing fracturing and huff-n-puff oil recovery. Furthermore, the contribution of imbibition and displacement on oil recovery during the dynamic imbibition process showed opposite patterns. The main research conclusions are as follows. Imbibition dominates as the primary oil recovery mechanism when the fracturing oil displacement agent exhibits a strong ability to reduce interfacial tension and alter wettability. Otherwise, displacement becomes the dominant mechanism. Both surfactants and flow control agents demonstrate good imbibition performance. However, surfactants are less sensitive to huff-n-puff cycles, while flow control agents are more sensitive. Shut-in time is the key factor affecting the contribution rate of imbibition or displacement. However, the contribution rate of displacement remains consistently higher than that of imbibition.
- tight oil reservoir /
- fracturing and huff-n-puff /
- quantitative analysis /
- contribution rate of imbibition /
- contribution rate of displacement
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors declare no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

刘红现、白雷、刘同敬参与实验设计；罗强、孙江飞、刘佳幸完成实验操作；刘红现、刘同敬参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The study was designed by LIU Hongxian, BAI Lei, and LIU Tongjing. The experimental operation was completed by LUO Qiang, SUN Jiangfei, and LIU Jiaxing. The manuscript was drafted and revised by LIU Hongxian and LIU Tongjing. All authors have read the final version of the paper and consented to its submission.

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图 1 实验流程

Figure 1. Experiment flowchart

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图 2 密封岩心示意

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of sealed core

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图 3 不同压裂驱油剂微观孔隙动用分布比例

Figure 3. Distribution ratios of microscopic pore utilization using different fracturing displacement agents

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图 4 不同压裂驱油剂的渗吸效果对比

Figure 4. Comparison of imbibition effects of different fracturing displacement agents

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图 5 不同渗吸阶段的渗吸效率和渗吸速率

Figure 5. Imbibition efficiencies and rates at different imbibition stages

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图 6 不同压裂驱油剂多轮吞吐后的孔隙动用效率

Figure 6. Pore utilization efficiency after cycles of huff-n-puff using different fracturing displacement agents

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图 7 不同压裂驱油剂吞吐效果对比

Figure 7. Comparison of huff-n-puff effects using different fracturing displacement agents

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图 8 焖井15 min时多轮吞吐后的孔隙动用效率(岩心C)

Figure 8. Pore utilization efficiency after cycles of huff-n-puff with 15 minutes of shut-in time (core C)

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图 9 不同焖井时间第1轮吞吐后的孔隙动用效率

Figure 9. Pore utilization efficiency after the first cycle of huff-n-puff with different shut-in times

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图 10 不同焖井时间第1轮吞吐后的采出程度和渗吸、驱油贡献率

Figure 10. Oil recovery levels and contribution rates of imbibition and displacement after the first cycle of huff-n-puff with different shut-in times

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表 1 岩心物性参数

Table 1. Physical parameters of cores

岩心编号	长度/mm	直径/mm	孔隙度/%	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	人造含油饱和度/%
1	47.47	25.01	10.98	0.83	60.38
2	44.78	24.97	16.16	0.43	50.39
3	48.54	25.11	14.51	0.67	61.75
4	49.32	24.91	12.30	1.57	54.21

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表 2 压裂驱油剂质量分数及性能参数

Table 2. Mass fractions and performance parameters of fracturing displacement agents

岩心编号	压裂驱油剂类型	质量分数/%	界面张力/(mN/m)	降低界面张力能力	改变湿润性能力
1	表面活性剂	0.2	0.028	强	强
2	纳米驱油剂	0.2	0.141	较强	强
3	流度控制剂	0.2	8.875	一般	较弱
4	KCl溶液	2.0	20.036	弱	弱

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表 3 岩心物性参数和吞吐控制参数

Table 3. Core physical parameters and huff-n-puff control parameters

岩心编号	岩心物性参数				吞吐控制参数
岩心编号	长度/mm	直径/mm	孔隙度/%	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	压裂驱油剂	焖井时间/min	吞吐轮次
A	71.02	25.02	15.3	0.698	表面活性剂	120	4
B	71.17	24.88	15.2	0.689	流度控制剂	120	4

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表 4 岩心物性参数和吞吐控制参数

Table 4. Core physical parameters and huff-n-puff control parameters

岩心编号	岩心物性参数				吞吐控制参数
岩心编号	长度/mm	直径/mm	孔隙度/%	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	压裂驱油剂	焖井时间/min	吞吐轮次
C	67.97	25.05	15.2	0.608	流度控制剂	15	4
D	71.17	24.88	14.8	0.457	流度控制剂	120	1
E	72.10	25.02	16.1	0.923	流度控制剂	300	1
F	70.09	25.00	15.9	0.742	流度控制剂	2 880	1

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