准西北缘哈山地区白垩系油气成藏新认识及其油气勘探意义

曲彦胜; 钟宁宁; 王圣柱; 王斌; 于洪洲; 周健; 吴倩倩; 鲁红利

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025030517

准西北缘哈山地区白垩系油气成藏新认识及其油气勘探意义

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025030517

曲彦胜^1,,
钟宁宁¹,
王圣柱²,
王斌³,
于洪洲^{1, 4},
周健⁴,
吴倩倩⁴,
鲁红利⁴

1.
中国石油大学地球科学学院, 北京 102249
2.
山东石油化工学院, 山东东营 257061
3.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126
4.
中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 山东东营 257015

基金项目:

中国石化科技部重大攻关项目“准噶尔盆地山前构造带勘探潜力及突破方向研究” P22079

详细信息

作者简介:
曲彦胜(1986—)，男，副研究员，研究方向为石油地质学、油气地球化学。E-mail: quyansheng@163.com

中图分类号: TE122.3
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- 文章访问数: 24
- HTML全文浏览量: 5
- PDF下载量: 6
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-21
- 修回日期: 2025-04-06
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-28

New insights into Cretaceous hydrocarbon accumulation and its significance for hydrocarbon exploration in Hashan area, northwestern margin of Junggar Basin

1.
College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2.
Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying, Shandong 257061, China
3.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
4.
Exploration and Development Research Institute, Shengli Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Dongying, Shandong 257015, China

摘要

摘要: 针对准噶尔盆地西北缘哈山地区白垩系油气成藏规律不清、勘探成效受限的问题，为揭示白垩系与侏罗系成藏模式的差异性，明确白垩系油气富集的关键控制因素，拓展盆缘超剥带勘探阵地，综合岩心、薄片、生物标志化合物、包裹体等数据，采用地质与地球化学多学科结合方法，开展了精细油源对比、油气运移路径示踪及输导体系配置研究。重点分析烃源岩特征、原油物性、成藏期次及走滑断层—砂体耦合关系，结合三维地震解释与钻井资料验证，建立白垩系成藏模式。取得了以下几个方面的认识：(1)油源差异: 白垩系原油源自哈山洼陷二叠系风城组碱盐质岩相烃源岩(C₂₈/C₂₉甾烷比值为0.6~1.1，伽马蜡烷/C₃₀藿烷比值为1.58~2.02)；侏罗系原油则主要来自半咸水云质岩相烃源岩。(2)输导体系: 白垩系成藏受“走滑断层—朵叶砂体联合输导”控制，走滑断层(如哈浅23—浅34断裂)垂向沟通深部烃源岩与浅层砂体(孔隙度大于20%，渗透率大于200×10^-3 μm²)，形成7套含油层；侏罗系以“断—毯”横向输导为主。(3)成藏期次：包裹体均一温度(110~140 ℃)及芳烃成熟度参数(R_c=1.21%~1.56%)表明，白垩系为晚白垩世高成熟油气单期充注，侏罗系为两期混合充注。基于成藏新认识，发现哈浅23—浅10等多个含油区块，预测哈浅24北潜力区储量规模达4 500万吨，白垩系有望形成5 000万吨级勘探阵地。白垩系油气成藏模式突破传统“断—毯”理论束缚，提出“近源垂向供烃—走滑断层与朵叶砂体耦合输导”新机制。走滑断层高效输导与砂体沿“沟槽”分布的先天性配置是成藏的关键，指导勘探由兼探层转向区域规模聚集区，显著拓展了准噶尔盆地西北缘勘探空间。
- 油气成藏 /
- 走滑断层 /
- 侏罗系 /
- 白垩系 /
- 哈山地区 /
- 准噶尔盆地
Abstract: To address the challenges in understanding the ambiguous hydrocarbon accumulation patterns and improving the exploration effectiveness in the Cretaceous system of the Hashan area along the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin, this study aims to delineate the differences in hydrocarbon accumulation models between the Cretaceous and the Jurassic, identify the key controlling factors for Cretaceous hydrocarbon enrichment, and expand exploration in basin-margin overlapping zones. By integrating data from rock cores, thin sections, biomarker compounds, and fluid inclusions, a multidisciplinary geological and geochemical method was employed to conduct systematic studies on oil and source correlation, hydrocarbon migration pathways, and transport system configurations. Key investigations focused on source rock characteristics, crude oil properties, accumulation stages, and the coupling relationship between strike-slip faults and sand bodies. A Cretaceous accumulation model was established and validated through 3D seismic interpretation and drilling data. The study found that: (1) Oil source differentiation: Cretaceous crude oils originated from alkaline-saline lithofacies of the Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Hashan Sag, characterized by C₂₈/C₂₉ sterane ratios of 0.6 to 1.1 and gammacerane/C₃₀ hopane ratios of 1.58 to 2.02. Jurassic oils were mainly derived from brackish dolomitic lithofacies. (2) Transport systems: Cretaceous accumulation was controlled by a strike-slip fault-lobate sand body dual transport mechanism. Strike-slip faults (e.g., Haqian 23 to Haqian 34 faults) vertically connected deep hydrocarbon source rocks with shallow sand bodies (porosity greater than 20% and permeability greater than 200×10^-3 μm²), forming seven oil-bearing layers. In contrast, Jurassic reservoirs were predominantly controlled by lateral "fault-blanket" type transport mechanism. (3) Accumulation stages: Homogenization temperatures of inclusions (110 to 140 ℃) and aromatic maturity parameters (R_c=1.21%-1.56%) indicated that the Cretaceous experienced a single-phase, high-maturity hydrocarbon charging, whereas the Jurassic underwent a mixed dual-phase charging. Based on these, several oil-bearing blocks, such as Haqian 23 to Haqian 10, have been identified, and the northern region of Haqian 24 is predicted to hold 45 million tons of reserves. The Cretaceous system is projected to develop a 50-million-ton exploration target. Breaking from the traditional "fault-blanket" theory, this study proposes a new transport mechanism of near-source vertical supply coupled with strike-slip faults and lobate sand bodies for the Cretaceous hydrocarbon accumulation. The inherent spatial configuration of efficiently conductive strike-slip faults and sand bodies distributed along grooves is critical for reservoir formation. The new theory redirects exploration focus from isolated targets toward regional-scale accumulation zones, significantly expanding the exploration potential along the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin.
- hydrocarbon accumulation /
- strike-slip fault /
- Jurassic /
- Cretaceous /
- Hashan area /
- Junggar Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

作者王斌是本刊主办单位员工，未参与本文的同行评审或决策。

Author WANG Bin is an employee of the sponsor of this journal. He did not take part in peer review or decision making of this article.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

曲彦胜、钟宁宁、王圣柱、王斌参与烃源岩特征和白垩系油源分析、油气输导体系研究；于洪洲完成油气成藏期次分析；周健、吴倩倩、鲁红利参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

QU Yansheng, ZHONG Ningning, WANG Shengzhu, and WANG Bin participated in the research on the characteristics of source rocks and the oil source analysis of the Cretaceous system, as well as the study of oil and gas migration systems. The analysis of oil and gas accumulation stages was completed by YU Hongzhou. The manuscript was drafted and revised by ZHOU Jian, WU Qianqian, and LU Hongli. All authors have read the final version of the paper and consented to its submission.

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图 1 准噶尔盆地北缘哈山构造带构造单元划分(a)及哈山地区地层综合柱状图(b)

Figure 1. Structural unit division of Hashan tectonic belt in northern margin of Junggar Basin (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic histogram in Hashan area (b)

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图 2 准噶尔盆地哈山地区过夏72—哈浅23—浅10井地震解释剖面

剖面位置见图 1。

Figure 2. Seismic interpretation profile of wells connecting through Xia 72, Haqian 23, and Haqian 10 in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 3 准噶尔盆地哈山地区侏罗系—白垩系原油与二叠系风城组烃源岩生物标志化合物谱图

Figure 3. Spectra of biomarker compounds in Permian Fengcheng Formation source rocks and Jurassic and Cretaceous crude oils in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 4 准噶尔盆地哈山地区侏罗系、白垩系典型烃类包裹体镜下特征

a.哈浅2—浅2井，156.7 m，K₁h，灰褐色细砂岩，矿物裂隙中蓝白色荧光包裹体；b.哈浅22—浅3井，805.1 m，J₁b，灰色砂砾岩，矿物裂隙中黄褐色荧光包裹体，少量蓝白色荧光包裹体；c.哈浅21—浅8井，465.5 m，K₁h，灰色砂砾岩，少量蓝白色荧光包裹体；d.哈浅23—浅9井，131.06 m，K₁h，灰色细砂岩，少量蓝白色荧光包裹体；e.哈浅22—浅1井，634.1 m，J₂x，灰色砂砾岩，少量黄褐色荧光包裹体；f.哈浅22—浅1井，648.2 m，J₂x，灰色砂砾岩，少量黄色荧光包裹体和大量线状排列蓝色荧光包裹体。

Figure 4. Microscopic characteristics of typical hydrocarbon inclusions of Jurassic and Cretaceous in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 5 准噶尔盆地哈山地区烃类伴生盐水包裹体均一温度直方图

Figure 5. Histograms of homogenization temperatures of hydrocarbon- associated type saltwater inclusions in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 6 准噶尔盆地哈山地区不同层位原油运移分馏特征

Figure 6. Characteristics of oil migration and fractionation at different layers in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 7 准噶尔盆地哈山地区哈浅23—浅49井白垩系综合柱状图

Figure 7. Comprehensive histogram of Cretaceous in well Haqian 23-Qian 49 in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 8 准噶尔盆地哈山地区白垩系相干图(a)及浅层高密度三维区白垩系走滑断层(b)

a.哈浅216走滑断裂; b.哈浅216走滑断裂; c.北浅2走滑断裂; d.夏12走滑断裂; e.哈浅23—浅58走滑断裂；f.哈浅23—浅10走滑断裂; g.北浅3走滑断裂; h.哈浅23—浅20走滑断裂; i.哈浅23—浅20走滑断裂。剖面位置见图 1。

Figure 8. Coherent map of Cretaceous (a) and Cretaceous strike-slip faults in shallow high-density 3D area (b) of Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 9 准噶尔盆地哈山地区浅钻井岩心及沥青村断层露头剖面走滑断层典型特征

a-c.观察点1、2、3, 走滑断层面波状弯曲; d.观察点4, 油气沿走滑断层及伴生裂缝充注运移; e.观察点4局部放大，沥青侵染带宽度为30~50 cm，伴生裂缝充填串珠状沥青脉以及原油侵染灰褐色沥青砂岩; f.观察点4, 走滑断层面沥青; g.观察点5, 走滑断层断裂带内沥青脉采完后断裂带空腔，宽度为1.5~2.0 m; h.观察点6, 滑断层断裂带内沥青脉采完后断裂带空腔, 宽度为50~60 cm; i.哈浅23—浅34井, 179.55 m, 走滑断层裂缝充填稠油; j.哈浅23—浅20井, 162.33 m, 走滑断层裂缝充填稠油。

Figure 9. Typical characteristics of strike-slip faults in shallow drilling cores and outcrops of Liqingcun faults in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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图 10 准噶尔盆地哈山地区侏罗系—白垩系油气成藏模式

Figure 10. Hydrocarbon accumulation model of Jurassic and Cretaceous in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

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表 1 准噶尔盆地哈山地区典型井烃源岩指标

Table 1. Source rock indicators of typical wells in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

井名	深度/m	岩性	ω(TOC)/%	氯仿沥青“A”/%	有机质类型	镜质体反射率/%
哈浅6	1 562.30	灰色灰质泥岩	0.92	0.112 8	Ⅱ₁	0.94
哈浅6	2 540.60	深灰色泥岩	1.32	0.278 8	Ⅰ	1.13
哈浅6	2 678.00	深灰色泥岩	1.38	0.208 5	Ⅰ	1.09
哈山1	2 099.90	深灰色泥岩	2.06	0.066 0	Ⅰ	0.82
哈山1	2 154.71	灰色泥岩	0.51	0.306 5	Ⅱ₁	0.83
哈山1	2 216.00	灰色泥岩	1.19	0.436 2	Ⅰ	0.82
哈深斜1	3 327.50	深灰色泥岩	0.93	0.752 5	Ⅰ	0.84
哈深斜1	3 347.79	灰色泥岩	1.40	0.313 6	Ⅰ
哈山5	4 459.30	深灰色粉砂质泥岩	0.84	0.065 9	Ⅱ₂	1.33
哈山5	4 640.82	深灰色白云质泥岩	0.95		Ⅱ₁	1.30
风城1	3 068.00	深灰色粉砂质泥岩	1.03	0.101 1
玛页1	4 594.17	深灰色荧光泥岩	1.52
玛页2	4 435.22	深灰色荧光灰质泥岩	0.97

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表 2 准噶尔盆地哈山地区典型井烃源岩碳同位素数据

Table 2. Source rock carbon isotope data of typical wells in Hashan area, Junggar Basin

井号	深度/m	岩性	δ¹³C/‰
井号	深度/m	岩性	饱和烃	芳烃	非烃	沥青质
哈浅6	1 918.20	灰色灰质泥岩	-29.1	-28.6	-28.1	-27.0
哈浅6	1 920.70	深灰色泥岩	-28.6	-28.3	-27.4	-26.3
哈浅6	2 540.00	深灰色泥岩	-32.9	-32.0	-31.4	-30.1
哈山1	2 099.90	深灰色泥岩	-28.2	-27.4	-25.8	-24.0
哈深斜1	3 333.70	灰色泥岩	-29.1	-27.2	-26.7	-24.8
哈深斜1	3 942.40	灰色白云质泥岩	-31.0	-29.4	-29.0	-26.9
哈山5	4 460.90	深灰色白云质泥岩	-30.7	-29.3	-28.8	-27.5
哈山5	4 637.47	深灰色白云质泥岩	-31.7	-30.5	-28.9	-28.6
哈山5	4 800.85	深灰色含盐泥岩	-32.0	-30.6	-29.1	-27.8

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