Differential characteristics and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon enrichment in Pinghu Slope, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin
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摘要: 东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡油气勘探潜力大且富集非均质性强，研究其油气差异富集特征及主控因素，可以为西湖凹陷或相似地区油气勘探提供理论依据。为此，基于典型油气藏精细解剖，综合测录井、地震、物性测试等资料，研究平湖斜坡油气富集程度、富集层系等差异，确定油气富集差异影响因素。结果表明，平湖斜坡由南带至北带油气富集程度逐渐降低，构造—岩性、断背斜油气藏富集程度高于断鼻及断块油气藏；油气富集层系可分为平湖组—花港组多层富集型、平中—平上段富集型和平中—平下段富集型。供烃距离、储层条件、圈闭条件和断层封闭性控制研究区油气富集程度差异，其中供烃距离主要控制不同构造带及不同类型油气藏富集程度差异，而同类型油气藏之间富集程度差异还与储层条件、圈闭条件和断层封闭性等因素有关。供烃距离越小、有效储层厚度和圈闭面积越大、断层封闭性越好，油气富集程度越高。断层输导能力和断—盖配置控制油气纵向富集层系，断层垂向输导能力强且平湖组盖层断接厚度高于下限值时，油气富集于区域盖层下部的平中上段；断层垂向输导能力强且平湖组盖层被断层完全错断时，油气于平湖组和花港组均有富集；断层垂向输导能力弱时，油气主要富集于平中下段。基于上述供烃距离、储层条件、断层输导能力、断—盖配置等成藏条件研究，可以为西湖凹陷或相似地区油气富集程度差异和油气富集层位的确定提供依据。Abstract: The Pinghu Slope in the Xihu Sag of East China Sea Basin exhibits significant hydrocarbon exploration potential, characterized by strong heterogeneity in its enrichment patterns. Investigating the differential enrichment characteristics and their main controlling factors can offer a theoretical basis for oil and gas exploration in the Xihu Sag and similar areas. To this end, the study thoroughly examined typical hydrocarbon reservoirs and analyzed logging, seismic, and physical property testing data. It investigated the differences in enrichment and layer distribution of hydrocarbons in the Pinghu Slope and identified their influencing factors. The findings indicated a gradual decrease in hydrocarbon enrichment from the southern zone to the northern zone of the Pinghu Slope. Structural and lithologic as well as faulted anticline hydrocarbon reservoirs exhibited higher enrichment than faulted noses and fault block reservoirs. The hydrocarbon-enriched layers were classified into three types: multilayer enrichment in the Pinghu and Huagang formations, enrichment in the middle and upper sections of the Pinghu Formation, and enrichment in the lower and middle sections of the Pinghu Formation. The differential hydrocarbon enrichment in the study area was controlled by hydrocarbon supply distance, reservoir conditions, trap conditions, and fault sealing ability. Specifically, the hydrocarbon supply distance mainly controlled the differences in enrichment between different structural zones and reservoir types, while the differences in hydrocarbon enrichment between reservoirs of the same types were also influenced by reservoir conditions, trap conditions, and fault sealing ability. Shorter hydrocarbon supply distances, greater effective reservoir thicknesses, larger trap areas, and stronger fault sealing ability led to higher hydrocarbon enrichment. The vertical distribution of the hydrocarbon enrichment was influenced by fault transport capacity as well as fault and caprock configuration. When the fault's vertical transport capacity was robust and the residual sealing thickness exceeded the lower limit, hydrocarbons tended to accumulate in the middle and upper sections of the Pinghu Formation of the lower part of the regional caprock. In cases where the fault had a strong vertical transport capacity and had completely broken the caprock in the Pinghu Formation, hydrocarbons accumulated in both the Pinghu and Huagang formations. Conversely, when the fault transport capacity was weak, hydrocarbons mainly accumulated in the lower and middle sections of the Pinghu Formation. By focusing on the hydrocarbon supply distance, reservoir conditions, fault transport capacity, and fault and caprock configuration, this study provides a basis for determining the differences in hydrocarbon enrichment and identifying oil and gas enrichment strata in the Xihu Sag and similar areas.
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图 1 东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡油气地质概况
据参考文献[24]修改。
Figure 1. Geological overview of hydrocarbons in Pinghu Slope of Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin
图 2 东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡不同构造带(a)和不同类型油气藏(b)储量占比
Figure 2. Reserve proportion in different structural zones (a) and different types of hydrocarbon reservoirs (b) in Pinghu Slope of Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin
图 3 东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡不同油气田油气富集层位
油气田位置见图 1c。
Figure 3. Hydrocarbon enrichment layers in different hydrocarbon fields of Pinghu Slope, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin
图 4 东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡不同构造单元(a-c)及不同类型油气藏(d)供烃距离与油气探明储量关系
Figure 4. Relationship between hydrocarbon supply distance and proven reserves in different structural units (a-c) and different types of hydrocarbon reservoirs (d) in Pinghu Slope of Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin
图 5 东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡平下段烃源岩Ro等值线及典型圈闭充满度
Figure 5. Ro contour lines of source rocks in lower section of Pinghu Formation and fullness degree of typical traps in Pinghu Slope of Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin
图 6 东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡南带(a)、中带(b)、北带(c)不同油气显示砂层孔隙度—渗透率
Figure 6. Porosity vs. permeability of sand layers with different hydrocarbon displays in southern zone (a), middle zone (b), and northern zone (c) of Pinghu Slope in Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin
图 7 东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡W9井(a)、W25井(b)和W24井(c)测井孔隙度和渗透率确定有效储层
Figure 7. Effective reservoirs determined by logging porosity and permeability of wells W9 (a), W25 (b), and W24 (c) in Pinghu Slope of Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin
图 8 东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡不同类型(a)及不同井位(b)圈闭面积与油气探明储量关系
Figure 8. Relationship between trap areas and proven reserves for different types (a) and well locations (b) of reservoirs in Pinghu Slope of Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin
图 9 东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡过W15井(a，c)和W26井(b，d)油气藏主控断层不同深度SGR值
Figure 9. SGR values of main controlling faults at different depths in wells W15 (a, c) and W26 (b, d) of Pinghu Slope in Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin
图 10 东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡平湖组区域盖层厚度分布
Figure 10. Thickness distribution of regional caprock in Pinghu Formation of Pinghu Slope in Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin
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