Quantitative characterization of adsorbed and free shale oil microscopic distribution based on nuclear magnetic resonance: a case study of Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin
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摘要: 页岩油赋存状态及其可动性定量评价是当前页岩油地质研究的核心和难点问题。以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段(简称长7段)页岩为研究对象，采用饱和—离心—核磁共振实验方法，结合前人提出的页岩油吸附比例方程，对页岩油吸附/游离含量、比例、微观分布及可动性特征等开展了综合研究。在饱和正十二烷及20 ℃离心温度的条件下，长7段页岩游离/吸附油量平均分别为1.981 4 mg/g和1.548 1 mg/g，吸附油比例平均为0.430 7。页岩油吸附相/游离相平均密度比为1.171 3，吸附相平均密度为0.877 8 cm3/g，平均吸附层厚度为0.980 2 nm。吸附油主要赋存于微小孔(小于100 nm)，游离油在微小、中、大孔中的赋存含量依次减少。高有机质页岩由于生烃增压微裂缝的存在和较不发育的有机质孔使得总体具有较高的游离油量和较低的吸附油量。石英相关孔隙会明显增大孔隙比表面积进而为吸附油提供更多赋存点位，而黏土矿物含量的增加会显著减少游离油赋存的孔隙体积。游离油量(Qf)与中值离心力(ΔPL)的比值(Qf/ΔPL)是评价页岩油可动性的新型有效参数，该值越高，反映页岩油可动性越好。对于长7段页岩而言，Qf/ΔPL=1.339 4 mg/(g·MPa)是页岩油可动性发生显著变化的阈值，大于该值，页岩油可动性明显变好。通过吸附比例方程计算的游离油理论赋存孔径下限介于1.960 4~5.881 2 nm之间，具体大小与孔隙形态有关。Abstract: Quantitative evaluation of shale oil occurrence states and mobility is a key and challenging issue in current shale oil geological research. Taking the shale from the seventh member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation (Chang 7 member) in the Ordos Basin as the research object, this study combined nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments with saturation-centrifugal tests, using the shale oil adsorption ratio equation proposed by previous research. It conducted a comprehensive study on the adsorbed and free oil amount, ratio, microscopic distribution, and mobility characteristics of shale oil. The results showed that under conditions of saturation with n-dodecane and centrifugation at 20 ℃, the average amounts of free oil and adsorbed oil in shale of the Chang 7 member were 1.981 4 mg/g and 1.548 1 mg/g, respectively. The average proportion of adsorbed oil was 0.430 7. The average density ratio between the adsorbed and free phases of shale oil was 1.171 3, the average density of adsorption phase was 0.877 8 cm3/g, and the average thickness of the adsorption layer was 0.980 2 nm. Adsorbed oil mainly exist in micropores (< 100 nm), and the amount of free oil in micropores, mesopores, and macropores sequentially decreases. Organic-matter-rich shale generally contain higher amount of free oil and lower amount of adsorbed oil due to the existence of hydrocarbon generation-induced microfractures and less developed organic pores. Quartz-related pores significantly increase the specific surface area of pores, thus providing more occurrence sites for adsorbed oil, whereas an increase in clay mineral content significantly reduces the pore volume available for free oil. The ratio of free oil amount (Qf) to median centrifugal force (ΔPL) is identified as a new and effective parameter for evaluating shale oil mobility. Higher ratio indicates better shale oil mobility. For shale in Chang 7 member, Qf/ΔPL=1.339 4 mg/(g·MPa) represents the threshold at which shale oil mobility undergoes a significant change. Above this threshold, the shale oil mobility significantly improves. The lower limit of theoretical pore size of free oil, calculated using the adsorption ratio equation, is between 1.960 4 nm and 5.881 2 nm, and the specific size is related to pore morphology.
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图 1 页岩油赋存状态及离心过程中转换过程示意图
据参考文献[27]修改。
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of shale oil occurrence states and conversion process during centrifugation
图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段烃源岩厚度(a)及延长组地层综合柱状图(b)
图b据参考文献[21]修改。
Figure 2. Hydrocarbon source rock thickness in Triassic Chang 7 member (a) and stratigraphic histogram of Yanchang Formation (b) in Ordos Basin
图 3 饱和正十二烷状态页岩T2谱校正骨架基底示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of T2 spectrum correction for shale skeleton base under saturated n-dodecane condition
图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段页岩样品有机地化特征
Figure 4. Organic geochemical characteristics of shale samples from Triassic Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin
图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段页岩样品矿物分类三角图
Figure 5. Ternary diagram of mineral classification of shale samples from Triassic Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin
图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段页岩典型样品不同离心力下T2谱分布(a-b)及不同样品饱和正十二烷T2谱分布对比(c)
Figure 6. spectra distribution of typical shale samples under different centrifugal forces (a-b) and comparison of T2 spectra distribution of saturated n-dodecane in different samples (c) from Triassic Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin
图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段页岩典型样品不同离心及饱和状态T1—T2谱
Figure 7. T1-T2 spectra of typical shale samples from Triassic Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin under different centrifugal and saturation states
图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段页岩样品1/Qm与1/ΔP相关关系(a)及不同离心力下实测可动油量与模型拟合趋势的对应关系(b)
Figure 8. Correlation relationship between 1/Qm and 1/ΔP (a) and corresponding relationship between measured movable oil volume and model fitting trend under different centrifugal forces (b) of shale samples from Triassic Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin
图 9 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段页岩样品吸附油平均密度及厚度拟合结果(a)及ρ2s优选过程示意图(b)
Figure 9. Fitting results of average density and thickness of adsorbed oil (a) and schematic diagram of ρ2s optimization process (b) in shale samples from Triassic Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin
图 10 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段页岩样品吸附/游离油赋存孔隙直径分布
Figure 10. Diameter distribution of pores containing adsorbed and free oil in shale samples from Triassic Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin
图 11 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段页岩样品不同尺度孔隙中吸附/游离油赋存特征
Figure 11. Adsorbed and free oil occurrence characteristics of pores under different scales in shale samples from Triassic Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin
图 12 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段页岩吸附/游离油量与页岩组分含量及其孔隙微观结构的相关性
Figure 12. Correlation between adsorbed and free oil volume, shale compositional content, and pore microstructure of shale in Triassic Chang 7 member of Ordos Basin
图 13 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段页岩油可动性评价参数相关性特征
Figure 13. Correlation characteristics of shale oil mobility evaluation parameters of Triassic Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin
图 14 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段页岩样品吸附/游离油量评价图版(a)及页岩油可动性评价图版(b)
Figure 14. Evaluation chart of adsorbed and free oil volume (a) and shale oil mobility evaluation chart (b) of shale samples from Triassic Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin
表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段3亚段页岩样品有机地化及矿物组分特征
Table 1. Organic geochemical and mineral composition characteristics of shale samples from 3rd submember of Triassic Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin
样品号 深度/m ω(TOC)/% Tmax/℃ S1/(mg/g) S2/(mg/g) IH/(mg/g) 全岩矿物含量/% 黏土矿物含量/% 石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 白云石 黄铁矿 黏土矿物 伊蒙混层 伊利石 绿泥石 高岭石 YJ1-2 2 069.00 3.95 450 1.14 6.57 166 22.9 2.9 10.9 0.0 12.1 4.0 46.9 15.3 23.2 5.5 2.9 Yu22-2 2 666.70 9.86 448 1.58 32.42 329 24.1 1.9 8.7 0.0 0.5 4.1 59.5 19.2 28.0 4.8 7.5 D81-2 1 655.12 3.70 448 0.53 11.05 299 20.3 3.5 12.1 0.4 0.0 0.6 63.1 19.6 11.5 15.2 16.8 Zh22-4 1 653.10 1.02 477 0.23 0.64 63 33.6 0.5 13.7 0.5 0.6 1.0 48.6 14.1 25.9 5.4 3.2 W100-1 2 010.40 13.60 449 2.34 50.40 371 18.7 0.9 11.9 0.0 0.0 23.0 45.5 12.2 20.3 7.3 5.7 F75-3 2 763.90 8.00 445 3.61 29.09 364 24.4 1.7 2.7 0.0 1.8 2.9 66.5 18.4 30.1 8.3 9.7 Y22-2 2 642.92 0.79 449 0.16 0.47 59 29.2 0.9 2.9 9.6 11.2 1.1 42.1 7.2 24.2 7.4 3.4 B522-2 1 947.75 9.07 444 3.33 13.11 145 17.7 3.0 12.0 2.8 0.0 27.0 37.5 9.0 24.9 2.3 1.3 Zh233-1 1 802.70 22.20 440 7.28 91.66 413 31.3 1.4 10.4 1.2 1.3 36.1 15.2 4.8 8.7 1.2 0.6 G347-1 2 421.51 2.28 446 0.80 5.24 230 28.1 16.2 16.4 0.0 3.2 0.0 36.1 8.7 6.9 13.0 7.4 
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表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段页岩样品离心实验拟合结果及孔隙结构参数
Table 2. Pore structural parameters and fitting results of centrifugal experiments on shale samples from Triassic Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin
样品号 Qf/(mg/g) Qa/(mg/g) ΔPL/MPa ra Qa/Qf Qf/ΔPL Vo/So YJ1-2 3.058 1 0.679 0 0.466 7 0.181 7 0.222 0 6.553 1 5.123 7 Yu22-2 1.327 3 0.603 7 0.665 8 0.312 6 0.454 8 1.993 6 3.276 8 D81-2 1.026 9 1.085 3 1.289 6 0.513 8 1.056 8 0.796 3 1.626 0 Zh22-4 0.818 4 5.993 2 1.142 4 0.879 9 7.323 1 0.716 4 1.118 6 W100-1 1.933 9 0.712 2 0.819 4 0.269 2 0.368 3 2.360 2 4.802 9 F75-3 1.051 0 0.822 9 0.674 1 0.439 1 0.783 0 1.559 1 2.900 8 Y22-2 0.410 0 2.246 2 0.986 8 0.845 7 5.479 1 0.415 4 0.542 1 B522-2 4.456 3 0.756 6 0.582 4 0.145 1 0.169 8 7.651 1 8.118 0 Zh233-1 4.454 3 1.404 1 0.712 7 0.239 7 0.315 2 6.250 0 4.650 2 G347-1 1.277 6 1.178 3 0.583 5 0.479 8 0.922 3 2.189 6 3.022 2
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