Enrichment mechanism and evaluation indicators of normal pressure shale gas in the complex structural area of southeastern Chongqing
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摘要: 渝东南复杂构造区常压页岩气广泛分布，资源勘探前景良好，常压页岩气逐渐成为页岩气勘探开发热点领域。该区受多期构造演化作用影响，页岩气保存条件差异较大，页岩储层及气体地球化学特征在不同压力体系下呈现出差异性分布。研究区页岩气烷烃同位素整体上呈现出自盆地边缘向盆外逐渐变重、干燥系数逐渐降低的趋势，指示不同构造区气体保存与逸散情况存在差异。较轻的烷烃气碳同位素和较高的干燥系数指示了更好的页岩气保存条件。综合对比渝东南复杂构造区下志留统龙马溪组页岩气评价的各项指标，发现孔隙度、面孔率、变形指数、含气性等地质静态指标在向斜构造中表现出强非均质性，单井页岩样品间差异显著；烷烃碳同位素、干燥系数、产气量等地质动态指标在不同构造区差异明显。综合页岩储层及气体地球化学特征参数进行评价，平桥、东胜背斜构造区气体保存条件良好，是页岩有利储层及页岩气富集甜点区。Abstract: Normal pressure shale gas is widely distributed in the complex structural area of southeastern Chongqing, with good prospects for resource exploration. Normal pressure shale gas has gradually become a hot topic in shale gas exploration and development. Due to the influence of multiple stages of structural evolution, there are significant differences in the preservation conditions of shale gas in the complex structural area of southeastern Chongqing. Shale reservoirs and gas geochemical characteristics are distributed differently under different pressure systems. The overall trend of alkane isotopes in shale gas in the study area shows a gradual increase in weight from the basin margin toward the basin exterior, while the dryness coefficient gradually decreases, indicating differences in gas preservation and dissipation in different structural zones. Lighter alkane carbon isotopic values and a higher dryness coefficient indicate better shale gas preservation conditions. A comprehensive comparison of shale gas evaluation indicators from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the complex structural area of southeastern Chongqing reveals that static geological parameters including porosity, face porosity, deformation index, and gas content exhibit strong heterogeneity within synclinal structures, with significant variations among shale samples from individual wells. Meanwhile, dynamic geological parameters such as alkane carbon isotopes, dryness coefficient, and gas production rate show marked differences across various structural zones. An integrated evaluation of shale reservoir properties and gas geochemical characteristics demonstrates that the Pingqiao and Dongsheng anticline zones exhibited favorable gas preservation conditions, representing optimal shale reservoirs and sweet spots for shale gas enrichment.
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图 1 渝东南复杂构造区分布(a)及桑柘坪向斜彭页A井岩性柱状图(b)
Figure 1. Distribution of complex structural area in southeastern Chongqing (a), and lithological columns of well Pengye-A in Sangzheping syncline (b)
图 2 渝东南复杂构造区下志留统龙马溪组页岩不同范围孔隙度分布
Figure 2. Shale porosity distribution across different ranges in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in complex structural area of southeastern Chongqing
图 3 渝东南复杂构造区下志留统龙马溪组页岩不同范围渗透率分布
Figure 3. Shale permeability distribution across different ranges in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in complex structural area of southeastern Chongqing
图 4 渝东南复杂构造区优选井氮气吸附曲线
a.东胜背斜；b.金佛斜坡；c.桑柘坪向斜。
Figure 4. Nitrogen adsorption curves of selected wells in complex structural area of southeastern Chongqing
图 5 渝东南复杂构造区优选井不同小层有机质孔扫描电镜定量表征及有机质孔径分布
图中红色为对应扫描电镜Image孔隙处理后图像。a1—d1分别为东胜背斜龙一段①、①、②、③小层，面孔率为20.61%、20.71%、14.33%、15.63%；a2—d2分别为金佛斜坡龙一段①、②、③、④小层，面孔率为18.03%、14.05%、10.68%、20.63%；a3—d3分别为桑柘坪向斜龙一段①、③、③、④小层，面孔率为14.49%、15.30%、15.65%、12.03%。
Figure 5. Quantitative characterization of organic matter pores in different small layers of selected wells in complex structural area of southeastern Chongqing by scanning electron microscopy, and pore size distribution
图 6 页岩气甲烷碳同位素与乙烷碳同位素相关性
Figure 6. Correlation between methane carbon isotope (δ13C1) and ethane carbon isotope (δ13C2) in shale gas
图 7 页岩气甲、乙烷碳同位素与干燥系数相关性
Figure 7. Correlation between methane and ethane carbon isotopes (δ13C1 and δ13C2) in shale gas and dryness coefficient (C1/C1-5)
图 8 页岩气生产井日产量与甲、乙烷碳同位素相关性
Figure 8. Correlation between daily output of shale gas production wells and methane and ethane carbon isotopes (δ13C1 and δ13C2)
图 9 页岩气生产井日产量与干燥系数相关性
Figure 9. Correlation between daily production and dryness coefficient (C1/C1-5) of shale gas production wells
图 10 渝东南下志留统龙马溪组常压页岩气富集高产评价指标
Figure 10. Evaluation indicators for enrichment and high yield of normal pressure shale gas in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in southeastern Chongqing
表 1 渝东南复杂构造区烷烃气组分及碳同位素分布特征
Table 1. Distribution characteristics of alkane gas components and carbon isotopes in complex structural area of southeastern Chongqing
地区 井号 烷烃气组分/% 烷烃气碳同位素/‰ CH4 C2H6 C3H8 δ13C1 δ13C2 平桥背斜 焦页A-1 HF 96.47 0.28 0.01 -35.2 -37.5 焦页A-2 HF 98.80 0.37 0.01 -36.5 -37.6 焦页A-3 HF 98.31 0.39 0.01 -34.0 -37.8 焦页B-3 HF 98.50 0.40 0.01 -32.0 -35.3 焦页C-31 HF 98.54 0.42 0.01 -33.8 -37.5 金佛斜坡 焦页D-2 HF 98.30 0.39 0.01 -33.6 -36.2 焦页D-3 HF 98.31 0.40 0.01 -33.0 -36.3 焦页D-4 HF 86.03 0.32 0.01 -32.7 -36.1 东胜背斜 胜页A-4 HF 98.40 0.46 0.01 -34.4 -38.0 胜页B HF 98.26 0.41 0.01 -33.9 -37.0 胜页C-4 HF 98.38 0.44 0.01 -34.3 -38.2 胜页D-9 HF 98.41 0.40 0.01 -32.6 -36.4 武隆向斜 隆页A HF 97.92 0.57 0.02 -30.7 -34.5 隆页A-2 HF 97.19 0.61 0.02 -32.0 -34.8 坪地A HF 98.05 0.63 0.01 -30.6 -36.2 隆页B HF 96.62 0.64 0.01 -29.6 -34.6 桑柘坪向斜 彭页C HF 95.99 0.54 0.01 -30.7 -33.4 彭页B HF 97.21 0.99 0.02 -30.9 -33.4 
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