四川盆地川中隆起安岳气田震旦系灯影组储层差异性成岩演化

杨程宇; 于博; 张剑锋; 王铁冠; 李美俊; 倪智勇

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025040754

四川盆地川中隆起安岳气田震旦系灯影组储层差异性成岩演化

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025040754

杨程宇^{1, 2,},
于博³,
张剑锋^2, ,,
王铁冠^{1, 2},
李美俊^{1, 2},
倪智勇²

1.
中国石油大学(北京) 克拉玛依校区石油学院, 新疆克拉玛依 834000
2.
中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 北京 102249
3.
国家管网集团储能技术有限公司，上海 200011

基金项目:

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“储层焦沥青的形成机理及地质意义研究” 2462023YJRC011

国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“储层焦沥青的过成熟有机质热演化标尺及构造—热事件表征” 41903059

详细信息

作者简介:
杨程宇(1987—)，男，博士，讲师，从事油气地球化学与储层地质学研究。E-mail: cmbruceyoung@163.com

通讯作者:
张剑锋(1985—)，男，硕士，工程师，从事油气地球化学研究。E-mail: zhangjianfeng@cup.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE122.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-19
- 修回日期: 2025-06-06
- 刊出日期: 2025-07-28

Differential diagenetic evolution of Sinian Dengying Formation reservoirs in Anyue gas field, Central Sichuan Uplift, Sichuan Basin

YANG Chengyu^{1, 2
,},
YU Bo³,
ZHANG Jianfeng^{2
, ,},
WANG Tieguan^{1, 2},
LI Meijun^{1, 2},
NI Zhiyong²

1.
Faculty of Petroleum, China University of Petroleum (Beijing) at Karamay, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3.
PipeChina Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200011, China

摘要

摘要: 四川盆地川中隆起震旦系灯影组白云岩中发育大型原位裂解气藏，研究其沉积和成岩作用对储层的影响可为古老的深层碳酸盐岩储层评价与预测提供重要依据。通过岩心样品的手标本观察、薄片鉴定、阴极发光以及扫描电镜分析，系统研究了灯影组四段白云岩储层的岩性差异、成岩作用类型、成岩序列以及不同岩性对成岩作用过程的约束作用。川中隆起灯影组储层主要岩性为具骨架—填充结构的藻叠层云岩、颗粒云岩和以细粒白云石堆积为主的泥—粉晶云岩；主要的成岩作用类型依次为压实作用、同生—准同生期以及表生期的溶蚀和胶结作用、埋藏期的亮晶胶结作用以及晚期热液作用，油气的充注时间晚于亮晶胶结作用，而油气的裂解与热液作用时期相近。灯影组四段白云岩储层为典型的T型碳酸盐工厂形成的台地藻丘体建造沉积，其中藻叠层云岩和颗粒云岩受到的压实作用较弱，但同生—准同生期以及表生期胶结与溶蚀作用较强。亮晶胶结作用造成孔隙大幅减少，残余粒间孔得以保存至油气充注期，随着晚期热液的侵入，热液矿物和裂解形成的焦沥青又进一步充填了孔隙。泥—粉晶云岩遭受了较强的压实作用，同生—准同生期以及表生期胶结作用较弱，亮晶胶结进一步减少了孔隙，残余孔隙同样保留至液态烃充注，泥—粉晶白云岩中未见明显的热液侵入痕迹，但热液传递的高温仍促使液态烃裂解进而形成了焦沥青。
- 储层 /
- 成岩作用 /
- 碳酸盐工厂 /
- 灯影组 /
- 川中隆起 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: Large in-situ pyrolysis gas reservoirs have developed in the dolomites of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Central Sichuan Uplift, Sichuan Basin. Investigating the effects of sedimentation and diagenesis on these reservoirs provides important insights for evaluating and predicting ancient deep carbonate reservoirs. Through hand specimen observation, thin-section identification, cathodoluminescence, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of core samples, the study systematically analyzed the lithological variations, diagenetic types, diagenetic sequences, and the constraints imposed by different lithologies on diagenetic processes in the dolomite reservoirs of the fourth member of the Dengying Formation. The results showed that the main lithologies of the Dengying Formation reservoirs in the Central Sichuan Uplift were algal stromatolite dolomite with a skeleton-filling structure, granular dolomite, and mud-fine crystalline dolomite mainly composed of fine-grained dolomite accumulations. The main types of diagenesis followed the sequence of compaction, dissolution, and cementation during the syngenetic-penecontemporaneous and supergene stages, sparry cementation at the burial stage, and late-stage hydrothermal activity. Hydrocarbon charging occurred after sparry cementation, while hydrocarbon pyrolysis coincided with hydrothermal activity. The dolomite reservoirs in the fourth member of the Dengying Formation were algal mound platform deposits formed by typical T-type carbonate factories. The algal stromatolite dolomite and granular dolomite experienced weak compaction but stronger cementation and dissolution during the syngenetic-penecontemporaneous and supergene stages. Sparry cementation significantly reduced porosity, and residual intergranular pores were preserved until the hydrocarbon charging period. With the intrusion of late-stage hydrothermal fluids, these pores were further filled with hydrothermal minerals and pyrobitumen formed through pyrolysis. In contrast, the mud-fine crystalline dolomite underwent strong compaction and weaker cementation during the syngenetic-penecontemporaneous and supergene stages. Sparry cementation further reduced porosity, and residual pores were also preserved until liquid hydrocarbon charging. No obvious signs of hydrothermal intrusion were observed in mud-fine crystalline dolomite, but the high temperature of hydrothermal fluids still promoted liquid hydrocarbon pyrolysis, leading to pyrobitumen formation.
- reservoir /
- diagenesis /
- carbonate factory /
- Dengying Formation /
- Central Sichuan Uplift /
- Sichuan Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors declare no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

杨程宇、王铁冠、李美俊参与实验设计；杨程宇、张剑锋完成实验操作；杨程宇、于博、倪智勇参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The experiment was designed by YANG Chengyu, WANG Tieguan, and LI Meijun. The experimental operation was completed by YANG Chengyu and ZHANG Jianfeng. The manuscript was drafted and revised by YANG Chengyu, YU Bo, and NI Zhiyong. All authors have read the final version of the paper and consented to its submission.

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图 1 四川盆地安岳气田地质概况(a)及研究区取样井分布(b)

Figure 1. Geological overview of Anyue gas field, Sichuan Basin (a) and distribution of sampling wells in study area (b)

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图 2 四川盆地安岳气田Gs102井震旦系灯影组四段储层岩性特征

a.颗粒云岩岩心，粒间孔层状较发育，5 192.1 m；b.颗粒云岩岩心，粒间孔层状较发育，5 182.6 m；c.颗粒云岩岩心，5 101.8 m；d.粉晶云岩岩心，顺层裂缝、窗棱孔发育，5178.3 m；e.颗粒云岩，可见内碎屑颗粒、藻碎屑和胶结物，5 100.7 m，薄片单偏透射光；f.泥粉晶云岩岩心，可见裂缝，无碎屑颗粒及胶结物，5 182.3 m。

Figure 2. Lithological characteristics of reservoir in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation in well Gs102, Anyue gas field, Sichuan Basin

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图 3 四川盆地安岳气田震旦系灯影组四段储层岩性微观特征

a.颗粒云岩，Mx9井，5 192.1 m，单偏透射光；b.席状的藻类碎屑，Gs108井，5 182.6 m，单偏透射光；c.颗粒云岩两期胶结，Gs6井，5 101.8 m，单偏透射光；d.致密粉晶云岩，Mx51井，5178.3 m，单偏透射光；e.发育窗棱孔隙的粉晶云岩，孔隙多被焦沥青充填，Gs2井，5 100.7 m，单偏透射光；f.泥粉晶云岩，窗棱孔隙被胶结物充填，Mx13井，5 182.3 m，单偏透射光。

Figure 3. Microscopic lithological characteristics of reservoirs in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation in Anyue gas field, Sichuan Basin

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图 4 四川盆地安岳气田震旦系灯影组四段储层成岩作用微观特征

a.颗粒云岩内三期胶结物相互关系，Mx9井，5 421.34 m，单透射偏光；b.不同期次胶结物，Gs20井，5 253.83 m，单偏透射光；c.高自形度的白云石胶结物内孔隙中充填表面突起的焦沥青，Mx9井，5 033.62 m，扫描电镜；d.多期胶结物及孔隙中心充填的焦沥青，Mx13井，5 104.78 m，单偏透射光；e.不同期次的胶结物(与照片b同视域)，Gs20井，5 253.83 m，阴极发光；f.焦沥青充填孔隙，孔隙内壁为高自形度的白云石晶体，Mx8井，5 425.22 m，单偏反射光；g.多期胶结物及孔隙中心充填的焦沥青，早期胶结物呈较亮的黄—红棕色内部无环带，晚期的亮晶胶结物呈鲜亮红色并具有环带结构，本样品中缺乏热液白云石，Gs101井，5 498.8 m，阴极发光；h.不同期次的胶结物(与照片i同视域)，Gs108井，5 248.46 m，单偏透射光；i.本样品中缺乏早期胶结物，具有环带结构亮晶胶结物紧贴围岩，亮晶胶结后残余孔隙内为巨大的热液白云石，呈明暗变化的红褐色，不具有明显的环带结构，Gs108井，5 248.46 m，阴极发光。

Figure 4. Microscopic diagenetic characteristics of reservoirs in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation in Anyue gas field, Sichuan Basin

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图 5 四川盆地震旦纪末沉积相特征及对应的地震剖面

据参考文献[17, 23-24]修改。

Figure 5. Sedimentary facies characteristics and corresponding seismic profiles of Late Sinian in Sichuan Basin

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图 6 三类碳酸盐工厂的沉积模式对比

据参考文献[51-52]修改。

Figure 6. Comparison of sedimentary modes for three carbonate factory types

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图 7 T型碳酸盐工厂的沉积体系域演化特征

据参考文献[51-52]修改。

Figure 7. Evolution characteristics of sedimentary systems tracts in T-type carbonate factory

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图 8 四川盆地安岳气田震旦系灯影组四段(a)与寒武系龙王庙组(b)典型井岩心特征对比

Figure 8. Comparison of core characteristics from typical wells between the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation(a) and Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation(b) in Anyue gas field, Sichuan Basin

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图 9 四川盆地安岳气田碳酸盐岩岩性储层成岩过程示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of diagenetic processes in carbonate reservoirs of Anyue gas field, Sichuan Basin

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图 10 四川盆地安岳气田储层埋藏史—热史及碳酸盐岩储层成岩作用序列

Figure 10. Burial and thermal history and diagenetic sequences of carbonate reservoirs in Anyue gas field, Sichuan Basin

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