Super-resolution reconstruction technology for full-diameter core nuclear magnetic resonance scanning data: a global non-negative least squares-based approach
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摘要: 全直径岩心核磁共振扫描技术是非常规油气勘探中重要的探测分析技术之一，可以得到连续高分辨的钻井岩心孔隙度、渗透率及流体饱和度等信息。但由于其测量敏感区较大，不同位置信号混叠在一起，测量结果纵向分辨率远低于仪器采样的分辨率，无法满足薄互层储层对纵向分辨率的要求。为提高全直径岩心核磁共振测量结果的纵向分辨率，将测量数据作为仪器敏感区函数和岩心真实信号的卷积，并通过全局非负最小二乘的方法实现原始信号的高分辨率重建，无需改变现有仪器结构和测量模式。通过数值模拟、物理实验和实测数据分析验证了该方法的可行性，实际资料应用表明，高分辨率处理后的核磁共振测井孔隙度与气测孔隙度符合率更高，该方法能够显著提高全直径岩心核磁测量结果的纵向分辨率，可以为薄互层储层带来更好的探测效果。Abstract: Full-diameter core nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis is one of the key exploration and analysis techniques in unconventional oil and gas exploration. It provides continuous high-resolution information on rock core porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation. However, due to its large measurement sensitivity area, signals from different positions overlap, resulting in a significantly lower vertical resolution compared to instrument sampling. This limitation hinders its effectiveness in detecting thin interbedded reservoir. To improve the vertical resolution of the full-diameter core NMR measurements, the measured data were modeled as the convolution of the instrument's sensitivity area function and the core's real signal. High-resolution reconstruction of the original signal was achieved using global non-negative least squares, without changing the existing instrument structure or measurement mode. The feasibility of this method was validated through numerical simulations, physical experiments, and actual data analysis. Practical applications show that the high-resolution processed NMR porosity from well logging aligns more closely with gas-filled porosity. This method significantly improves the vertical resolution of full-diameter core NMR measurements, enhancing the detection capabilities for thin interbedded reservoirs.
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图 1 全直径岩心核磁共振扫描仪示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of nuclear magnetic resonance scanner for full-diameter cores
图 2 核磁共振T2测量示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of nuclear magnetic resonance T2 measurement
图 3 物理分辨率与测量分辨率不匹配示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of incompatibility between physical resolution and measurement resolution
图 5 仪器敏感区响应函数测量示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of response function measurement of instrument's sensitive area
图 6 超分辨率重建数值模拟示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagrams of numerical simulation of super-resolution reconstruction
图 9 测量得到的仪器敏感区响应特征曲线
Figure 9. Response characteristic curve of instrument's sensitive area obtained through measurement
图 10 超分辨重建处理效果对比
Figure 10. Comparison of effects of super-resolution reconstruction processing
表 1 多场景核磁共振仪器主要性能参数对比
Table 1. Comparison of main performance parameters of multi-scenario NMR instruments
仪器参数 核磁共振测井仪 移动式全直径岩心核磁扫描仪(纽迈) 核磁共振岩心分析仪 共振频率/MHz ＜2 6 ≥2 线圈尺寸/mm 100 120~130 25~38 测量方式 井中上提测量 现场出桶全直径岩心扫描 室内柱塞样岩心扫描 仪器运动速度/(ft/h) 800~3 600 590~3 150 纵向分辨率/mm ＞200 10 最小回波间隔/ms 0.4 0.15 0.06 最小等待时间/ms 0.4 0.058 0.058 
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表 2 全直径岩心测量孔隙度与实验孔隙度误差
Table 2. Errors between experimental porosity and full-diameter core-measured porosity
深度/m 实验孔隙度/% 未处理孔隙度/% 高分辨率孔隙度/% 相对误差(未处理)/% 相对误差(高分辨率)/% 3 262.53 7.8 4.32 7.80 44.61 0.00 3 263.09 8.2 8.25 8.25 0.61 0.57 3 263.21 7.7 6.29 8.09 18.37 5.06 3 263.72 7.4 8.40 7.64 13.49 3.26 3 264.46 8.2 8.07 7.94 1.63 3.13 3 264.68 6.9 8.75 7.32 26.81 6.06 3 265.83 7.1 8.82 7.56 24.23 6.46 3 267.68 8.9 5.65 8.23 36.49 7.57 3 268.65 7.4 8.13 7.73 9.80 4.42 3 268.72 6.7 8.93 7.58 33.28 13.13 3 269.24 8.3 7.59 7.78 8.60 6.24
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