准噶尔盆地永进油田原油中沥青质固相析出影响机理研究

杨阳; 张东晓; 王昊; 伦增珉; 高志卫; 王锐; 胡伟

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025040930

准噶尔盆地永进油田原油中沥青质固相析出影响机理研究

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025040930

杨阳^{1, 2,},
张东晓¹,
王昊¹,
伦增珉²,
高志卫³,
王锐²,
胡伟²

1.
北京大学工学院, 北京 100871
2.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
3.
中石化新疆新春石油开发有限责任公司, 新疆乌苏 834700

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金集成项目“三大盆地深层—超深层海相油气高效勘探开发基础研究” U24B6001

详细信息

作者简介:
杨阳(1991—)，男，硕士，副研究员，从事复杂流体相态实验及表征方法研究。E-mail: yangyang.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE622
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-17
- 修回日期: 2025-05-19
- 刊出日期: 2025-07-28

Influencing mechanisms of solid-phase asphaltene precipitation in crude oil of Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

1.
College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2.
Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Xinjiang Xinchun Petroleum Development Co., Ltd., SINOPEC, Wusu, Xinjiang 834700, China

摘要

摘要: 在油藏开发过程中常见固态沥青质析出和沉积导致的储层伤害，及生产井堵塞问题，严重影响原油开采，降低开发经济效益。沥青质的固相析出与原油本身性质及温度/压力条件有关，是涉及气—液—固三相复杂相态的热力学问题。研究永进油田原油中沥青质的固相析出规律及其影响机理，可为合理避免开发过程中的沥青质沉积提供理论支撑。以永进油田高含沥青质原油为对象，通过原油组分分析、PVT高压物性分析、注气及沥青质固相析出实验，揭示了不同条件下的沥青质析出规律。基于立方体状态方程耦合缔合理论(CPA)，建立了油—气—沥青质三相相平衡计算模型，拟合了实验结果，进一步模拟了复杂条件下的沥青质析出规律，明确了流体组成、温度、压力及生产井工作制度对于沥青质固相析出的影响和机理。研究结果表明：流体组成和温度/压力条件分别是影响体系中沥青质析出的内在因素和外部条件，相似相容原理可以充分地解释沥青质的复杂相态变化机理；注气后改变了流体组成，对原油和沥青质相态的影响主要由注入气与原油的混相能力和对中间组分的萃取抽提能力决定；生产井工作制度则通过控制原油流动过程中的温度和压力变化从而影响沥青质的析出，决定了析出点的位置，对沥青质沉积堵塞风险的评价需要进一步结合油藏条件、井身结构和生产动态进行综合分析。
- 沥青质 /
- 固相析出 /
- 相态 /
- 注气 /
- CPA状态方程
Abstract: Solid-phase asphaltene precipitation and deposition, commonly occurring during reservoir development, lead to reservoir damage and production well blockage, seriously affecting crude oil exploitation and reducing economic efficiency. Solid-phase asphaltene precipitation is affected by the properties of crude oil and temperature/pressure condition, and is a thermodynamic issue involving complex gas-liquid-solid three-phase behavior. This study aims to investigate the solid-state precipitation pattern and its influencing mechanisms of asphaltenes in crude oil from the Yongjin Oil Field, aiming to provide theoretical support for the rational prevention of asphaltene deposition during reservoir development. High-asphaltene-content crude oil from the Yongjin Oil Field was selected as the research object. Crude oil composition analysis, pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) high-pressure physical property analysis, gas injection, and solid-phase asphaltene precipitation experiments were conducted to reveal the precipitation pattern of asphaltenes under different conditions. Based on the cubic plus association (CPA) equation of state (EoS), a three-phase equilibrium calculation model for the oil-gas-asphaltene system was established. The model was fitted to experimental results and used to further simulate the precipitation pattern of asphaltenes under complex conditions, clarifying the effects and their influencing mechanisms of fluid composition, temperature, pressure, and production well operation strategies on solid-phase asphaltene precipitation. The results showed that fluid composition and temperature/pressure conditions were the intrinsic factors and external conditions, respectively, influencing asphaltene precipitation in the system, and the like-dissolves-like principle could fully explain the mechanism of complex phase behavior changes in asphaltenes. After gas injection, the fluid composition was altered, and its influence on crude oil and asphaltene phase behavior was primarily determined by the miscibility of injected gas with crude oil and the extraction and stripping of intermediate components. Production well operation strategies affected asphaltene precipitation by controlling temperature and pressure variations during crude oil flow, thereby determining the location of precipitation. Risk assessment of asphaltene deposition and blockage requires comprehensive analysis integrating reservoir conditions, wellbore structure, and production dynamics.
- asphaltene /
- solid-phase precipitation /
- phase behavior /
- gas injection /
- CPA equation of state
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors declare no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

杨阳、伦增珉、高志卫、胡伟参与实验研究；杨阳、王锐参与理论表征研究；杨阳、张东晓、王昊参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The experimental study was conducted by YANG Yang, LUN Zengmin, GAO Zhiwei, and HU Wei. The theoretical characterization was completed by YANG Yang and WANG Rui. The manuscript was drafted and revised by YANG Yang, ZHANG Dongxiao, and WANG Hao. All authors have read the final version of the paper and consented to its submission.

HTML全文

图 1 高温高压流体相态分析仪

Figure 1. High-temperature and high-pressure fluid phase behavior analyzer

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图 2 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井原油恒质膨胀实验PV曲线(136.6 ℃)

Figure 2. Pressure-volume (PV) curve of constant composition expansion (CCE) tests for crude oil from well Y3 in Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin (136.6 ℃)

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图 3 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井井流物PT相图

Figure 3. Pressure-temperature (PT) phase diagram of wellstream from well Y3 in Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

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图 4 高温高压流体固相颗粒分析仪

Figure 4. High-temperature and high-pressure fluid solid-phase particle analyzer

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图 5 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井原油不同温度下光强度随压力变化关系

Figure 5. Relationship between light intensity and pressure at different temperatures for crude oil from well Y3 in Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

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图 6 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井注CH₄原油PT相图

Figure 6. PT phase diagram of CH₄-injected crude oil from well Y3 in Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

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图 7 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井注CO₂原油PT相图

Figure 7. PT phase diagram of CO₂-injected crude oil from well Y3 in Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

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图 8 沥青质与拟重质组分表征

Figure 8. Characterization of asphaltenes and pseudo-heavy components

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图 9 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井油—气—沥青质三相PT相图

Figure 9. PT phase diagram of oil-gas-asphaltene three-phase system in well Y3 of Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

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图 10 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井不同产量条件下井筒流动沿程温度和压力变化

Figure 10. Variations of temperature and pressure along wellbore under different production rates in well Y3 of Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

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图 11 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井沥青质析出区间图

Figure 11. Asphaltene precipitation zone of well Y3 in Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

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图 12 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井注N₂/CH₄/CO₂油—气—沥青质PX相图(136.6 ℃)

Figure 12. Pressure-injection amount (PX) phase diagram of oil-gas-asphaltene system after N₂/CH₄/CO₂ injection in well Y3 of Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin (136.6 ℃)

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表 1 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井脱气原油及沉积物SARA四组分分析数据

Table 1. Saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene (SARA) fraction analysis data of degassed crude oil and sediments from well Y3 in Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

检测样品	SARA四组分/%
检测样品	饱和分	芳香分	胶质	沥青质
脱气原油	55.2	12.3	6.8	2.7
固体沉淀物	19.8	11.3	14.9	42.3

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表 2 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井脱气原油和沉淀物元素分析数据

Table 2. Elemental analysis data of degassed crude oil and sediments from well Y3 in Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

样品	C/%	H/%	O/%	S/%	N/%
体相原油	84.45	13.53	1.33	0.66	0.04
底部沉淀物	83.06	11.09	3.54	0.33	0.15

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表 3 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井原油井流物组成

Table 3. Wellstream composition of crude oil from well Y3 in Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

组分	分离器气/mol%	分离器油/mol%	井流物/mol%
N₂	2.28	1.79	1.59
CO₂	0.68	0.53	0.47
C₁	73.94	58.19	51.62
C₂	11.79	9.28	8.23
C₃	6.47	5.09	4.52
iC₄	1.43	1.13	1.00
nC₄	1.52	1.20	1.06
iC₅	0.57	0.45	0.40
nC₅	0.45	0.36	0.32
C₆	0.86	3.68	1.54
*C₇⁺	-	18.30	29.25
注：*C₇⁺为平均摩尔质量=277 g/mol。

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表 4 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井原油PVT流体物性分析实验数据

Table 4. Experimental data of pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) physical property analysis of crude oil from well Y3 in Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

参数	值
地层压力/MPa	102.8
地层温度/℃	136.6
地层原油泡点压力(136.6 ℃)/MPa	32.0
地层原油气油比(102.8 MPa，136.6 ℃)/(m³/m³)	193.62
地层原油密度(102.8 MPa，136.6 ℃)/(g/cm³)	0.785 5
地层原油黏度(102.8 MPa，136.6 ℃)/mPa·s	1.17
地层原油体积系数(102.8 MPa，136.6 ℃)	1.328
地面原油黏度(0.1 MPa，136.6 ℃)/mPa·s	3.47
地面原油密度(0.1 MPa，136.6 ℃)/(g/cm³)	0.820 5

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表 5 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井原油注CH₄后PVT及固相颗粒析出实验数据

Table 5. Experimental data of PVT and solid-phase particle precipitation experiments of crude oil after CH₄ injection from well Y3 in Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

参数	原始	第1级	第2级	第3级
注气量/mol%	0.00	13.16	22.88	33.72
泡点压力(136.6 ℃)/MPa	32.00	37.40	41.10	45.00
地层原油密度(102.8 MPa，136.6 ℃)/(g/cm³)	0.785 5	0.758 9	0.741 6	0.724 5
溶解气油比/(m³/m³)	193.62	233.65	264.91	305.78
地层原油体积系数(102.8 MPa，136.6 ℃)	1.328	1.427	1.500	1.583
地层流体体积膨胀系数(102.8 MPa，136.6 ℃)	1.000	1.058	1.100	1.146
沥青质析出压力(136.6 ℃)/MPa	37.50	50.80	62.90	78.00

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表 6 准噶尔盆地永进油田Y3井注CO₂后原油PVT及固相颗粒析出实验数据

Table 6. Experimental data of PVT and solid-phase particle precipitation experiments of crude oil after CO₂ injection from well Y3 in Yongjin Oil Field, Junggar Basin

参数	原始	第1级	第2级	第3级
注气量/mol%	0.00	9.24	19.83	28.02
泡点压力(136.6 ℃)/MPa	32.00	33.60	35.40	36.90
地层原油密度(102.8 MPa，136.6 ℃)/(g/cm³)	0.785 5	0.783 7	0.782 9	0.783 2
溶解气油比/(m³/m³)	193.62	226.95	256.34	283.89
地层原油体积系数(102.8 MPa，136.6 ℃)	1.328	1.391	1.464	1.520
地层流体体积膨胀系数(102.8 MPa，136.6 ℃)	1.000	1.045	1.095	1.132
沥青质析出压力(136.6 ℃)/MPa	37.50	43.00	49.50	56.20

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