准噶尔盆地白垩系烃源岩地球化学特征与生烃潜力评价

李二庭; 向宝力; 张宇; 陈俊; 马万云; 何丹; 高岗

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025061358

准噶尔盆地白垩系烃源岩地球化学特征与生烃潜力评价

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025061358

1. 中国石油新疆油田公司勘探开发研究院, 新疆克拉玛依 834000;
2. 中国石油大学, 北京 102249

基金项目:

中国石油天然气股份有限公司前瞻性基础性研究科技重大项目(2022DJ0108)资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
李二庭(1988—)，男，博士，高级工程师，从事油气地球化学研究。E-mail:lierting@petrochina.com.cn。

中图分类号: TE122.113
计量
- 文章访问数: 5
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-27
- 修回日期: 2025-10-16
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-26

Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential evaluation of Cretaceous source rocks in Junggar Basin

1. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China;
2. China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

摘要

摘要:
为了给准噶尔盆地白垩系烃源岩的资源潜量及油气成藏规律提供依据，采用烃源岩有机岩石学、地球化学精细刻画和烃源岩封闭体系热模拟技术，探讨了盆地不同区块白垩系烃源岩地球化学特征和生烃潜力。准噶尔盆地白垩系烃源岩具有强非均质性，以差烃源岩为主，但存在好的烃源岩，Ⅰ型和Ⅱ₁型烃源岩占比39.6%，有机碳(TOC)含量大于1.0%的烃源岩占比17.5%。盆地南缘中段沙湾—玛纳斯—呼图壁地区白垩系烃源岩沉积厚度最大，暗色泥岩厚度最大可达574 m，埋深普遍大于6 000 m；烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ型为主，占比89.1%，TOC含量大于1.0%的烃源岩占比8.7%，镜质体反射率(R_o)为0.82%～1.01%，处于生油高峰期；烃源岩Pr/Ph值为0.31～1.20，伽马蜡烷/C₃₁藿烷比值为0.46～8.12，具有C₂₇和C₂₉规则甾烷优势，C₂₇、C₂₈和C₂₉规则甾烷呈“V”字形分布，指示其为强还原、咸化湖相沉积环境；水生藻类发育，有机显微组分发育层状藻类体，发强烈黄色荧光，表明其生油能力强。白垩系Ⅰ型烃源岩最大生油量达660.0 mg/g，Ⅱ₁型烃源岩最大生油量达284.0 mg/g，生油高峰R_o为1.0%。综合研究认为，盆地南缘中段沙湾—玛纳斯—呼图壁地区白垩系烃源岩厚度大，富含生油的层状藻类体，处于生油高峰期，生油量大，是白垩系烃源岩生油最有利勘探领域。
- 热模拟 /
- 层状藻 /
- 生烃潜力 /
- 地球化学特征 /
- 白垩系 /
- 烃源岩 /
- 准噶尔盆地
Abstract:
To provide a basis for investigating the resource potential and hydrocarbon accumulation patterns of the Cretaceous source rocks in the Junggar Basin, organic petrology, detailed geochemical characterization, and closed-system thermal simulation technology were employed. The study analyzed the geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of Cretaceous source rocks in different blocks of the basin. These source rocks showed strong heterogeneity and generally of low quality. However, high-quality source rocks were also present. Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ₁ source rocks accounted for 39.6% of the total, and source rocks with total organic carbon (TOC) content ＞1.0% accounted for 17.5%. In the Shawan, Manas and Hutubi area, located in the middle section of the southern margin of the basin, the Cretaceous source rocks had the largest sedimentary thickness, with dark mudstone thickness reaching up to 574 m and burial depth generally exceeding 6 000 m. The organic matter was mainly Type Ⅱ (89.1%), with 8.7% of the source rocks having TOC ＞1.0%. Vitrinite reflectance (R_o) values ranged 0.82% to 1.01%, indicating that the source rocks were currently at the peak stage of oil generation. The source rocks had Pr/Ph values of 0.31 to 1.20 and gammacerane/C₃₁ hopane ratios of 0.46 to 8.12, with dominant abundances of C₂₇ and C₂₉ regular steranes. C₂₇, C₂₈, and C₂₉ regular steranes showed V-shaped distributions, indicating deposition in a strongly reducing, saline lacustrine environment. Aquatic algae were well-developed, and organic macerals developed lamalginite that emitted strong yellow fluorescence, indicating strong oil generation capacity. Cretaceous Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ₁ source rocks had maximum oil generation up to 660.0 mg/g and 284.0 mg/g, respectively, with peak oil generation at R_o = 1.0%. Comprehensive study indicates that in the Shawan, Manas and Hutubi area, located in the middle section of the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, the Cretaceous source rocks are thick, rich in oil-generating lamalginite, currently at the peak stage of oil generation, and possess high oil generation capacity, making the area the most favorable target for Cretaceous-sourced oil generation.
- thermal simulation /
- alginite /
- hydrocarbon generation potential /
- geochemical characteristics /
- Cretaceous /
- source rock /
- Junggar Basin

HTML全文

参考文献(31)

[1]	宋永,唐勇,何文军,等.准噶尔盆地油气勘探新领域、新类型及勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2024,45(1):52-68. SONG Yong,TANG Yong,HE Wenjun,et al.New fields,new types and exploration potentials of oil-gas exploration in Junggar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2024,45(1):52-68.
[2]	王小军,宋永,郑孟林,等.准噶尔盆地复合含油气系统与复式聚集成藏[J].中国石油勘探,2021,26(4):29-43. WANG Xiaojun,SONG Yong,ZHENG Menglin,et al.Composite petroleum system and multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation in Junggar Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2021,26(4):29-43.
[3]	唐勇,宋永,何文军,等.准噶尔叠合盆地复式油气成藏规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2022,43(1):132-148. TANG Yong,SONG Yong,HE Wenjun,et al.Characteristics of composite hydrocarbon accumulation in a superimposed basin,Junggar Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,2022,43(1):132-148.
[4]	金霄,冯艳芳,罗晓玲,等.准噶尔盆地南缘环博格达山中二叠统黑色泥页岩生烃动力学研究:对周边探区油气勘探启示[J].现代地质,2023,37(5):1321-1335. JIN Xiao,FENG Yanfang,LUO Xiaoling,et al.Kinetic and hydrocarbon generation of Middle Permian black shale around the Bogda mountain,southern Junggar Basin:implications for petroleum exploration[J].Geoscience,2023,37(5):1321-1335.
[5]	王金铎,张关龙,庄新明,等.准噶尔盆地重点领域油气勘探研究进展及潜力方向[J].油气地质与采收率,2024,31(4):24-41. WANG Jinduo,ZHANG Guanlong,ZHUANG Xinming,et al.Research progress and potential directions of oil and gas exploration in key fields of Junggar Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2024,31(4):24-41.
[6]	王秋玉,闫文琦,李辉,等.准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷二叠系深层岩性油藏成藏条件及模式[J].断块油气田,2024,31(5):753-761. WANG Qiuyu,YAN Wenqi,LI Hui,et al.Accumulation conditions and model of Permian deep lithologic oil reservoirs in Fukang Sag,Junggar Basin[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2024,31(5):753-761.
[7]	王圣柱,梅文科,熊峥嵘,等.准噶尔盆地东北缘石炭系烃源岩生烃演化特征及其石油地质意义[J].石油实验地质,2023,45( 4):667-680. WANG Shengzhu,MEI Wenke,XIONG Zhengrong,et al.Hydrocarbon generation and evolution characteristics of Carboniferous source rocks on the northeastern margin of the Junggar Basin and its petroleum geological significance[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2023,45(4):667-680.
[8]	王熠哲,吴朝东,马健,等.准噶尔盆地白垩纪—新近纪地层颜色韵律与古环境和古气候演化[J].古地理学报,2019,21(3):451-468. WANG Yizhe,WU Chaodong,MA Jian,et al.Strata color rhythm of the Cretaceous-Neogene and evolution of palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate in Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2019,21(3):451-468.
[9]	高崇龙,王剑,罗正江,等.准噶尔盆地南缘西段侏罗系—白垩系沉积体系差异演化变迁过程[J].地层学杂志,2024,48(2):183-200. GAO Chonglong,WANG Jian,LUO Zhengjiang,et al.Differential evolution of Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary systems in the southwestern Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,NW China[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2024,48(2):183-200.
[10]	汪勇,张学才,曹海防,等.准噶尔盆地车排子地区白垩系湖相沉积及滨岸线迁移规律[J].地质科学,2025,60(2):458-473. WANG Yong,ZHANG Xuecai,CAO Haifang,et al.Depositional facies and shoreline trajectories of Qingshuihe and Hutubi formations in the Chepaizi area,western Junggar Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2025,60(2):458-473.
[11]	张兴雅,赵龙,党思思,等.准噶尔盆地白垩系烃源岩与原油地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2015,34(3):626-632. ZHANG Xingya,ZHAO Long,DANG Sisi,et al.Geochemistry of Cretaceous source rocks and oils in the Junggar Basin[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2015,34(3):626-632.
[12]	刘洪军,段俊梅,秦黎明,等.准噶尔盆地腹部及西南缘白垩系烃源岩地球化学特征及沉积环境分析[J].地质科技情报,2013,32(4):25-30. LIU Hongjun,DUAN Junmei,QIN Liming,et al.Geochemical characteristics and sedimentary environment analysis of Cretaceous source rocks in central and southwestern Junggar Basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2013,32(4):25-30.
[13]	张枝焕,向奎,秦黎明,等.准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷烃源岩地球化学特征及其对车排子凸起油气聚集的贡献[J].中国地质,2012,39(2):326-337. ZHANG Zhihuan,XIANG Kui,QIN Liming,et al.Geochemical characteristics of source rocks and their contribution to petroleum accumulation of Chepaizi area in Sikeshu Depression,Junggar Basin[J].Geology in China,2012,39(2):326-337.
[14]	吴小奇,任新成,刘德志,等.准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷东部原油地球化学特征和来源[J].石油实验地质,2023,45(4):646-655. WU Xiaoqi,REN Xincheng,LIU Dezhi,et al.Geochemical characteristics and source of crude oil from the eastern Shawan Sag,Junggar Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2023,45(4):646-655.
[15]	阿布力米提,唐勇,李臣,等.准噶尔盆地南缘前陆盆地白垩系生油的新认识[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(4):446-448. ABULIMITI,TANG Yong,LI Chen,et al.New understandings of Cretaceous oil generation zone in foreland basin in southern margin of Junggar[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(4):446-448.
[16]	林小云,覃军,聂婉,等.准噶尔盆地南缘卡因迪克地区油气成藏模式研究[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(3):304-309. LIN Xiaoyun,QIN Jun,NIE Wan,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of Kayindike region in southern Junggar Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2014,36(3):304-309.
[17]	陈建平,王绪龙,邓春萍,等.准噶尔盆地南缘油气生成与分布规律：烃源岩地球化学特征与生烃史[J].石油学报,2015,36(7):767-780. CHEN Jianping,WANG Xulong,DENG Chunping,et al.Geochemcial features of source rocks in the southern margin,Junggar Basin,Northwestern China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(7):767-780.
[18]	陈建平,邓春萍,王绪龙,等.准噶尔盆地南缘凝析油、蜡质油与稠油的形成机理[J].中国科学(地球科学),2017,47(5):567-585. CHEN Jianping,DENG Chunping,WANG Xulong,et al.Formation mechanism of condensates,waxy and heavy oils in the southern margin of Junggar Basin,NW China[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2017,60(5):972-991.
[19]	宋永,庞志超,李静,等.准噶尔盆地南缘中部超深层凝析油成因与油源[J].石油学报,2025,46(3):510-531. SONG Yong,PANG Zhichao,LI Jing,et al.Genesis and source of ultra-deep condensate oil in the central part of southern margin of Junggar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2025,46(3):510-531.
[20]	蓝文芳,杨海波,贾希玉,等.新疆油田第四次资源评价[R].中国石油勘探开发研究院,2015. LAN Wenfang,YANG Haibo,JIA Xiyu,et al.The fourth resource evaluation of Xinjiang Oilfield[R].PetroChnia Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Deveioment,2022.
[21]	李二庭,马万云,李际,等.准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系煤生烃热模拟实验研究[J].现代地质,2022,36(5):1313-1323. LI Erting,MA Wanyun,LI Ji,et al.Thermal simulation experiment for hydrocarbon generation:a case study of Jurassic coal from the southern margin of Junggar Basin[J].Geoscience,2022,36(5):1313-1323.
[22]	夏刘文,曹剑,边立曾,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖大油区二叠纪碱湖生物—环境协同演化及油源差异性[J].中国科学(地球科学),2022,52(4):732-746. XIA Liuwen,CAO Jian,BIAN Lizeng,et al.Co-evolution of paleo-environment and bio-precursors in a Permian alkaline lake,Mahu mega-oil province,Junggar Basin:implications for oil sources[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2022,65(3):462-476.
[23]	王剑,刘金,潘晓慧,等.吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组页岩油生烃母质及其生烃机理[J].新疆石油地质,2024,45(3):253-261. WANG Jian,LIU Jin,PAN Xiaohui,et al.Precursor and mechanism of hydrocarbon generation for shale oil in Lucaogou Formation,Jimsar Sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2024,45(3):253-261.
[24]	PETERS K E,WALTERS C C,MOLDOWAN J M.Biomarkers and isotopes in the environment and human history[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2004.
[25]	杨帆,王权,郝芳,等.冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷北部烃源岩生物标志物特征与油源对比[J].地球科学,2020,45(1):263-275. YANG Fan,WANG Quan,HAO Fang,et al.Biomarker characteristics of source rock and oil-correlation in Raoyang Depression,Jizhong Sub-Basin[J].Earth Science,2020,45(1):263-275.
[26]	李二庭,向宝力,刘向军,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组页岩油偏稠成因分析[J].天然气地球科学,2020,31(2):250-257. LI Erting,XIANG Baoli,LIU Xiangjun,et al.Study on the genesis of shale oil thickening in Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag,Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2020,31(2):250-257.
[27]	董丽红,杜彦军,李军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中部延长组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征[J].西安科技大学学报,2018,38(4):604-610. DONG Lihong,DU Yanjun,LI Jun,et al.Biomarker characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks of Yanchang Formation in central Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2018,38(4):604-610.
[28]	HUANG Wenyen,MEINSCHEIN W G.Sterols as ecological indicators[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1979,43(5):739-745.
[29]	侯读杰,冯子辉.油气地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:205-243. HOU Dujie,FENG Zihui.Oil and gas geochemical[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011:205 -243.
[30]	李二庭,潘越扬,杨光庆,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组不同源储结构页岩生排油实验研究[J].石油实验地质,2023,45(4):705-713. LI Erting,PAN Yueyang,YANG Guangqing,et al.Experimental study on hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of shale with different source-reservoir structures in Lucaogou Formation,Jimsar Sag,Junggar Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2023,45(4):705-713.
[31]	陈延贵,焦勇飞,陈骁,等.川中栖霞组天然气地球化学特征与混源比例定量判识[J].天然气地球科学,2025,36(4):677-688. CHEN Yangui,JIAO Yongfei,CHEN Xiao,et al.Quantitative assessment of natural gas geochemical characteristics and mixed source contributions in the Qixia Formation,central Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2025,36(4):677-688.