寒武纪早期古隆起周缘古海洋环境驱动：来自南华盆地东南缘火山活动与水体盐度的指示意义

焦鹏; 张进富; 方晗棋; 谢毓; 崔海骕; 马中良; 谭静强; 文志刚; 王张虎

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025061395

寒武纪早期古隆起周缘古海洋环境驱动：来自南华盆地东南缘火山活动与水体盐度的指示意义

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025061395

1. 湖南省地质调査所, 长沙 410116;
2. 长江大学资源与环境学院油气地球化学与环境湖北省重点实验室, 武汉 430100;
3. 中国冶金地质总局湖南地质勘査院, 长沙 410600;
4. 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126;
5. 中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院, 长沙 410083

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(42302159)、湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFB642)和湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2024JJ8322，2024JJ8357)共同资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
焦鹏(1985—)，男，博士，从事勘探地质研究。E-mail:jiaozhijian1314@126.com。

通讯作者:
王张虎(1991—)，男，博士，副教授，从事非常规油气地质与地球化学研究。E-mail:zhanghu0617@126.com。

中图分类号: TE121.31
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-09
- 修回日期: 2025-10-29
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-26

Driving force of ancient marine environment around Early Cambrian paleo-uplift: implications from volcanic activity and water salinity in southeastern Nanhua Basin

1. Geological Survey Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410116, China;
2. Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Geochemistry and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China;
3. Hunan Geological Exploration Institute, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Changsha, Hunan 410600, China;
4. Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China;
5. School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China

摘要

摘要:
埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪过渡期是地质历史中海洋环境波动与生物演化的关键阶段，但南华盆地东南缘浅水区域火山/热液活动、海水盐度变化与“寒武纪生命大爆发”之间的相互联系仍不清晰。以湘中地区古隆起周缘的下寒武统钻井样品为研究对象，综合扫描电镜、无机地球化学和硅同位素等手段，厘清了该区沉积岩中汞的富集载体与成因、海水盐度的时空分布及硅质来源。古隆起周缘寒武系底部页岩可见显著的汞异常，汞主要富集在有机质中，可作为火山/热液流体输入的有效指标。火山/热液活动在寒武纪第2阶至第3阶过渡期(约526～521 Ma)相对活跃，并于第3阶晚期(约518 Ma)逐步衰退。古隆起周缘水体盐度总体较高，而湘中深水区呈淡水—半咸水特征，这一差异可能与外海的连通性和水体滞留程度有关。寒武纪早期研究区古隆起周缘为咸水环境，随着水体滞留程度增强，水体盐度逐渐降低，转变为半咸水/淡水环境。此外，古隆起周缘牛蹄塘组页岩中硅质来源丰富，下部页岩中的硅质主要为生物成因，夹有少量的陆源和火山成因；上部硅质页岩主要为富硅海水和热液活动的混合作用。南华盆地东南缘浅水区域寒武纪早期火山/热液幕式活动与古地理格局共同驱动了盐度分层与多源硅质供给，揭示了浅水与深水盆地的差异演化，为理解南华盆地的海洋环境波动提供了关键地球化学约束。
- 汞异常 /
- 水体盐度 /
- 水体滞留程度 /
- 硅质来源 /
- 古海洋环境 /
- 火山活动 /
- 南华盆地
Abstract:
The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition is a key stage of marine environmental fluctuation and biological evolution in geological history. However, the interrelationships among volcanic/hydrothermal activity, seawater salinity changes, and the Cambrian Explosion in shallow-water areas along the southeastern margin of the Nanhua Basin remain unclear. Drilling samples of the Lower Cambrian from the margin of the paleo-uplift in the central Hunan as research objects were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, inorganic geochemistry, and silicon isotope techniques to elucidate the enrichment carriers and genesis of mercury in sedimentary rocks, the spatio-temporal distribution of seawater salinity, and the sources of siliceous material. Significant mercury anomalies were observed in the basal Cambrian shales surrounding the paleo-uplift, with mercury primarily enriched in organic matter, serving as an effective indicator of volcanic/hydrothermal fluid input. Volcanic/hydrothermal activity was relatively active during the transition from Cambrian Stage 2 to Stage 3 (about 526 to 521 Ma) and gradually declined in the late Stage 3 (about 518 Ma). Water salinity around the paleo-uplift was relatively high, while the deep-water area of central Hunan showed characteristics of freshwater to brackish environments. This difference may be related to the connectivity with the open sea and the degree of water retention. In the early Cambrian, the area around the paleo-uplift experienced a saline environment, which gradually evolved into brackish to freshwater conditions as water retention increased. Additionally, shales of the Niutitang Formation around the paleo-uplift contained abundant siliceous material. In the lower section, silica was mainly biogenic with minor terrigenous and volcanic origins, while in the upper section, silica primarily sourced from a mixture of silica-rich seawater and hydrothermal input. Episodic volcanic/hydrothermal activities and paleogeographic patterns during the Early Cambrian in the shallow-water areas along the southeastern margin of the Nanhua Basin jointly drove salinity stratification and multi-source silica supply. These findings reveal the differential evolution between shallow- and deep-water basins and provide key geochemical constraints for understanding marine environmental fluctuations in the Nanhua Basin.
- mercury anomaly /
- water salinity /
- water retention degree /
- siliceous source /
- ancient marine environment /
- volcanic activities /
- Nanhua Basin

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