Research on nitrogen injection for enhancing oil recovery in deep carbonate reservoirs
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摘要:
塔里木盆地富满油田深层碳酸盐岩油藏开展了注氮气提高采收率现场试验。在注氮气驱过程中，是否混相会影响驱油效率，同时掌握地层在非平衡状态下注氮气过程中流体相态变化也具有重要意义。为明确该类油藏在注氮气辅助重力驱开采过程中的流体相态变化及混相压力，以满深X油藏为例，开展了注氮气相态实验，获取了注氮气后非平衡与平衡状态下的相态特征，建立地层流体类型随注气量变化判别图以及地层流体饱和压力随注气量变化图，确定了注氮气混相压力。结果表明：非平衡条件下，注入少量氮气时，与地层流体混为一相；随着注气量增加，会呈现顶部“氮气”相、中部气相、底部油相“三相”共存的状态；注氮气量达到0.8 PV，“氮气”相逐渐消失。平衡条件下，在注入氮气后，流体在饱和压力时出现“乳光现象”，饱和压力随注气量增加升高；注入体积达到0.2 PV后，在注气压力55 MPa条件下流体呈现两相；注入体积达到0.8 PV后，在地层压力81 MPa条件下流体仍为两相。根据地层流体类型随注气量变化判别图与地层流体饱和压力随注气量变化图，确定满深X油藏注氮气最小混相压力为 48 MPa。在注气压力55 MPa条件下，注氮气辅助重力驱能够实现混相；非平衡状态下，从上到下产生明显重力分异特征，导致满深X油藏注气后从顶部到底部氮气含量逐渐降低，烃类组分含量逐渐升高。
Abstract:A field test of nitrogen injection for enhanced oil recovery was conducted in the deep carbonate oil reservoir of Fuman Oilfield, Tarim Basin. In the nitrogen injection process, whether phase miscibility occurs can affect oil recovery efficiency, and understanding the variations in fluid phase states during nitrogen injection under non-equilibrium conditions in the formation is of significant importance. To clarify the changes in fluid phase state and the miscibility pressure during nitrogen injection-assisted gravity flooding in deep carbonate reservoirs, Manshen X reservoir was taken as an example. By conducting nitrogen injection phase experiments, the phase characteristics under non-equilibrium and equilibrium conditions after nitrogen injection were obtained. The discrimination diagram of variation of formation fluid type with injection volume and the diagram of variation of formation fluid saturation pressure with injection volume were established, thereby determining the miscibility pressure during nitrogen injection. The results showed that under non-equilibrium conditions, when a small amount of nitrogen was injected, it mixed with formation fluids to form a single phase. As the injection volume increased, a three-phase coexistence state appeared with a nitrogen phase at the top, a gas phase in the middle, and an oil phase at the bottom. When the nitrogen injection volume reached 0.8 PV, the nitrogen phase gradually disappeared. Under equilibrium conditions, after nitrogen injection, the fluids showed an "opalescence phenomenon" at the saturation pressure, and the saturation pressure increased with increasing injection volume. After the injection volume reached 0.2 PV, the fluids exhibited two phases under an injection pressure of 55 MPa. After the injection volume reached 0.8 PV, the fluids presented two phases under a formation pressure of 81 MPa. Based on the discrimination diagram of variation of formation fluid type with injection volume and the diagram of variation of formation fluid saturation pressure with injection volume, the minimum miscibility pressure for nitrogen injection in the Manshen X reservoir was determined to be 48 MPa. Under an injection pressure of 55 MPa, nitrogen injection-assisted gravity flooding could achieve miscibility. Under non-equilibrium conditions, a significant gravity segregation characteristic developed from top to bottom, resulting in a gradual decrease in nitrogen content and a gradual increase in hydrocarbon component content from the top to the bottom of the Manshen X reservoir after gas injection.
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