Abstract: Since 1958,the exploration and study of oil and gas in the Hefei Basin was engaged by more than 10 units. The exploration history of the Hefei Basin is divided into 4 stages. At present, the Hefei Basin is still in its primary stage of basin exploration, and many basic questions of petroleum geology are still unsolved. The integrated studies of petroleum geology in the course of oil and gas exploration should be strengthened in the basin, and main task of drilling is still to solve some basic problems of petroleum geology in the basin. The result of synthetic studies showed that the Eogene of the Shucheng Depression in the basin might be a potential target for the success of hydrocarbon exploration.