Abstract: Four periods of volcanics were developed from Permian to Presinian in Tazhong area of the Tarim Basin, which seriously infleunced the structural traps and preservation of hydrocarbon accumulation in the area.It was the main reason of drilling failure of wells TZ18, 21, 22 et al.To avoid exploration risk, several methods for identification and prediction of volcanics were proposed.A good result was obtained during drilling of well Zhong-1 as a result of successful prediction of structure under volcanic body.