Abstract: During the Middle -Late Miocene, the Central Luconia Basin was characterized by the extensive development of carbonate buildups. Tectonic activity strength, palaeogeomorphology, sea level alternation and the influx of terrestrial material dominated the development of carbonate buildups. 1) The basin remained stable throughout the Middle-Late Miocene, thereby facilitating carbonate deposition. 2) From Oligocene to the Early Miocene, due to extensional and strike-slip tectonics, it was formed in this area the NE-SW trending graben and horst which dominated the type and distribution of carbonate buildups. 3) The cycle of carbonate buildup growth was related to the cycle change of sea level. 4) From the late stage of the Middle Miocene to Pliocene, terrestrial materials migrated from the south and southeast of the basin, suppressed the growth of carbonate buildups, resulting in the plane difference of reservoir physical property. Finally, the reservoir-cap combination features and the controlling factors for petroleum accumulation in carbonate buildups were analyzed.