塔里木盆地海相油气成藏研究进展

顾忆; 黄继文; 贾存善; 邵志兵; 孙永革; 路清华

doi:10.11781/sysydz202001001

塔里木盆地海相油气成藏研究进展

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202001001

1.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126
2.
浙江大学地球科学院, 杭州 310027

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 41772153

中国石化科技部项目 P15115

中国石化科技部项目 P16090

详细信息

作者简介:
顾忆(1962-), 男, 教授级高级工程师, 从事油气地质勘探研究。E-mail: guyi.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE122.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-30
- 修回日期: 2019-12-05
- 刊出日期: 2020-01-28

Research progress on marine oil and gas accumulation in Tarim Basin

1.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
2.
College of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China

摘要

摘要: 近年来塔里木盆地超深层海相油气勘探取得了丰硕成果，顺北奥陶系、塔中寒武系、塔河深层等油气新发现，为塔里木盆地海相油气成藏研究提供了丰富的基础资料。塔里木盆地海相油气主要分布于台盆区，油气藏类型多样，原油物性变化大，显示出成藏的复杂性。通过对大量的实际样品分析和模拟实验及大量的地质、地球化学综合分析，结合构造演化、层序地层学、沉积相与沉积环境等研究成果，在烃源岩分布及其演化、油气地球化学特征、海相油气藏分布特征等方面取得了显著进展。一是明确了塔里木台盆区海相油气主要来源于强还原环境下形成的下寒武统—中下奥陶统烃源岩，特别是台盆区下寒武统玉尔吐斯组，并明确了超深层海相油藏后生改造主要有TSR、热裂解2种类型，提出了相应的判识指标；二是在建立玉尔吐斯组缓坡型优质烃源岩沉积发育模式的基础上，通过井震标定、正演模拟和区域测线地震相解释、三维区属性分析与地震反演，预测了玉尔吐斯组烃源岩的展布，并明确其演化特征：燕山期以来长期低地温背景下的“高压生烃演化抑制模式”延缓了顺托果勒低隆寒武系烃源岩热演化，顺托果勒地区仍具晚期高成熟液态烃形成条件；三是通过台盆区油气成藏特征对比，明确了奥陶系油气分布特征，进一步明确在台盆区寻找以下寒武统玉尔吐斯组原地烃源岩与燕山期以来晚期活动走滑断裂相匹配的、以晚期供烃为主的轻质油藏—天然气藏，是塔里木台盆区超深层碳酸盐岩领域油气勘探的重要方向。
- 超深层油气藏 /
- 海相油气 /
- 油气成藏 /
- 奥陶系 /
- 寒武系 /
- 台盆区 /
- 塔里木盆地
Abstract: In recent years, great achievements have been made in the exploration of ultra-deep marine oil and gas in the Tarim Basin. New oil and gas discoveries have been achieved in the Shunbei Ordovician, Tazhong Cambrian and Tahe deep strata, which provide abundant basic data for studying the marine oil and gas accumulation in the Tarim Basin. The marine oil and gas in the Tarim Basin are mainly distributed in the platform-basin area. There are various types of reservoirs, and the physical properties of crude oil vary greatly, showing the complexity of hydrocarbon accumulation. Through the analysis of a large number of samples, simulation experiments and extensive geology and geochemistry analysis, combined with the research results of tectonic evolution, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentary facies and sedimentary environments, some significant progress has been achieved such as the distribution and evolution of source rocks, oil and gas geochemistry characteristics, and the distribution characteristics of marine oil and gas reservoirs. The following achievements have been made: 1) clarification that the marine oil and gas in the Tarim platform-basin area mainly come from the Lower Cambrian-Middle/Lower Ordovician source rocks formed under strongly reducing environments, especially the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in the platform-basin. Two alterations types of ultra-deep marine reservoirs, namely, TSR and thermal cracking are defined, and the corresponding identification indicators are proposed. 2) by establishing the sedimentary development mode of the gentle slope-type high-quality Yuertusi source rocks, through well-seismic calibration, forward modeling, regional survey line interpretation of seismic facies, 3D area attribute analysis and seismic inversion, the distribution of source rocks in the Yuertusi Formation may be predicted, and their evolution characteristics clarified: the "high-pressure hydrocarbon generation evolution inhibition mode" under the long-term low geothermal background since the Yanshan period has delayed the thermal evolution of Shuntuoguole low uplift Cambrian source rocks, and the Shuntuoguole area still has the formation conditions of late high-maturity liquid hydrocarbon. 3) by comparing the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of the platform-basin area, the Ordovician oil and gas distribution characteristics have been clarified, further delineating the Cambrian Yuertusi in situ source rocks there, and identification of the light oil-gas reservoirs matching with the active strike-slip faults in the late Yanshan period and charged by the late hydrocarbon supply, which provide an key direction for oil and gas exploration in the ultra-deep carbonate rocks of the Tarim platform-basin area.
- ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs /
- marine oil and gas /
- oil and gas accumulation /
- Ordovician /
- Cambrian /
- platform-basin area /
- Tarim Basin

HTML全文

图 1 塔里木盆地台盆区原油轻烃nC₇—MCH—RCPC₇和原油Pr/Ph—(Ph/nC₁₈-Pr/nC₁₇)的相关性

Figure 1. "nC₇-MCH-RCPC₇" light hydrocarbon triangular diagram and Pr/Ph and (Ph/nC₁₈-Pr/nC₁₇) correlation of crude oil in platform-basin area of Tarim Basin

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图 2 塔里木盆地台盆区典型海相原油甾烷、萜烷分布特征

Figure 2. Distribution characteristics of steranes and terpenes in typical marine crude oil from platform-basin area of Tarim Basin

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图 3 塔里木盆地台盆区原油、顺2井烃源岩模拟抽提物正构烷烃单体碳同位素(a)和原油饱—芳烃碳同位素分布(b)

Figure 3. Distribution of n-alkanes compound-specific carbon isotope of crude oil and simulated well Shun 2 extracts(a), carbon-isotope distribution of saturated-aromatic hydrocarbons of crude oil(b), Tarim platform-basin area

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图 4 塔里木盆地台盆区奥陶系原油和顺2井O₃烃源岩热模拟产物萜烷参数对比

塔中样品据参考文献[10]。

Figure 4. Comparison on terpene parameters of Ordovician crude oil and thermal simulation products of O₃ source rock in well Shun 2, Tarim platform-basin area

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图 5 塔里木盆地中深1井寒武系阿瓦塔格组和中深1C井肖尔布拉克组储层原油全烃色谱图

Figure 5. Chromatograms of crude oil in Cambrian Awatage Formation and middle-deep 1C well in Xiaoerbulak Formation, Tarim Basin

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图 6 塔里木盆地顺南1井原油全油色谱谱图特征(a)和稠环芳烃分布特征(b)

Figure 6. Chromatographic and distribution characteristics of condensed-ring aromatic hydrocarbons of crude oil from well Shunnan 1, Tarim Basin

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图 7 塔里木盆地台盆区深层—超深层油藏热蚀变判识图版

Figure 7. Identification plate for thermal alteration of deep-ultra deep reservoirs in Tarim platform-basin area

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图 8 塔里木盆地下寒武统玉尔吐斯组发育模式

Figure 8. Development mode of Lower Cambrian Yuertusi source rocks in Tarim Basin

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图 9 塔里木盆地下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩厚度平面分布预测

Figure 9. Prediction on planar thicknesses of Lower Cambrian Yuertusi source rocks in Tarim Basin

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图 10 塔里木盆地台盆区奥陶系油气藏类型平面分布

Figure 10. Planar distribution of Ordovician oil and gas reservoir types in Tarim platform-basin area

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表 1 塔里木盆地台盆区海相原油成因分类

Table 1. Genetic classification of marine crude oil in Tarim platform-basin area

参数	塔河—顺北、中深1井原油	顺西原油
轻烃MCH	< 35%	>35%
Pr/Ph	< 1	1±
饱和烃碳同位素	< -31‰	>-30‰
芳烃碳同位素	< -29‰	-28‰±
正构烷烃单体碳同位素	-34‰~-36‰	-32‰±
C₁₉/C₂₁TT	< 1.5	>1.5
C₂₄Te/C₂₉TT	< 1.5	>1.5
特殊化合物	芳基类异戊二烯烃	-
来源与分布	寒武系—中下奥陶统缓坡相烃源岩，全区分布，为主要贡献者	台地相偏腐殖型烃源岩，分布于卡塔克隆起局部

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表 2 塔里木盆地台盆区奥陶系油气成藏特征对比

Table 2. Comparison on Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics in Tarim platform-basin area

成藏特征	塔河油田	顺北油气田	顺南气田
构造位置	加里东—海西期持续古隆起	夹持于塔北、塔中2大古隆起之间的低隆带	塔中隆起1号断裂东围斜带
地质作用	多个不整合面、奥陶系多期岩溶。油藏受强烈氧化降解改造	多类型溶蚀，溶蚀作用弱。油气藏微弱改造。	断裂带控制下的热液改造，油藏高温裂解
烃源岩	中东部寒武系—中下奥陶统，西部下寒武统玉尔吐斯组	下寒武统玉尔吐斯组	寒武系—中下奥陶统
储层	一间房组碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞体储层，鹰山组内幕碳酸盐岩储层	一间房组断溶体储层，鹰山组内幕碳酸盐岩储层？	一间房组断控缝洞型储层，鹰山组内幕碳酸盐岩储层，礁滩相储层
油气藏平均埋深	6 529 m	7 512 m	6 576 m
温压特征	100~130 ℃ 常压，压力系数1.05~1.1	150~160 ℃ 常压，压力系数1.12~1.17	160~180 ℃ 局部超压，压力系数1.2~1.47
储盖组合	C₁b/O、O₃s/O₂yj	O₃s/O₂yj	O₃qr/O₂yj
油气性质	西部中质油—重质油、超重质油，中东部轻质油；伴生气	轻质—挥发油；伴生气	干气为主，局部凝析气，部分原油裂解气
油气成熟度	高成熟为主	高成熟	高—过成熟
输导条件	断裂垂向+不整合面、岩溶缝洞体横向输导	断裂垂向输导	断裂垂向、不整合面侧向输导
成藏期次	海西晚期为主，加里东晚期、燕山期为辅	海西晚期、燕山期	海西晚期和喜马拉雅期，以喜马拉雅期为主
油气藏类型	多期成藏、残留—改造古油藏	原生油气藏	多期成藏，古油藏裂解

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