Occurrence and recoverability of tight oil in Paleogene Funing Formation, Subei Basin
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摘要: 利用多温阶热解与核磁共振测试技术，对苏北盆地古近系阜宁组阜二、阜四段泥页岩、夹层及邻层致密碳酸盐岩、致密砂岩样品系统分析，结合少量泥页岩油试采资料，探讨了阜宁组泥页岩、夹层及邻层致密储层的含油性和致密油可动用性。苏北盆地阜二、阜四段泥页岩中含致密油一般小于5.0 mg/g，油以吸附-互溶态为主，吸附-互溶态油占总滞留油的比例总体随埋藏深度的增大呈降低趋势，轻质游离油总体很低，可动油率小于3%；阜二、阜四段泥页岩夹层和邻层砂岩中含油一般大于5.0 mg/g，以游离油为主，轻质游离油量一般大于0.25 mg/g，可动油率一般在4%~7%之间，与北美Bakken中段致密砂岩油可动油率(5%左右)接近。阜宁组泥页岩内可动致密油主要赋存于裂缝中，即构造裂缝为可动致密油主要赋存空间，部分微孔隙(喉道半径大于0.18 μm)为次要赋存空间；致密油赋存相态应以游离态为主，吸附态次之。阜二、阜四段邻层(阜一、阜三段)裂缝型湖相碳酸盐岩致密油初期产量较高，但产量递减快，生产周期也短，经济可采性有限；相比之下，阜二、阜四段的源内夹层型致密砂岩油初始产量不高，但递减慢，生产周期长，具有较好的经济可采性。Abstract: The shale, interlayers and adjacent carbonate rocks and siltstones in the second and fourth members of the Paleogene Funing Formation in the Subei Basin were studied using multi-temperature pyrolysis and NMR. The oil-bearing capacity of shale, interlayers and adjacent tight reservoirs in the Funing Formation and the movability of tight oil were evaluated in combination with with shale oil production data. In the second and fourth members of the Funing Formation, the content of tight oil is generally less than 5.0 mg/g in shale. Adsorption-miscible oil is dominant, and the ratio of which to total retained oil decreases with the increase of burial depth. Light free oil generally has a low content, and the actual movable oil ratio is less than 3%. However, the tight oil content is generally greater than 5 mg/g in mud shale interlayers and adjacent sandstones (oily), dominated by free oil. The light free oil content is generally more than 0.25 mg/g, and the actual movable oil ratio is generally between 4% and 7%, which is close to the 5% recovery ratio in the tight sandstone layers before reconstruction in the middle of Bakken Formation in North America. The movable tight oil mainly exists in fractures in the Funing Formation in the Subei Basin. That is, tectonic fractures are the main host of movable shale oil, and some micro pores (with ramp radius greater than 0.18 μm) work as secondary occurrence porosity. Free oil exceeds adsorbed oil. The initial production of tight oil is high in fissured lacustrine carbonates in the first and third members of the Funing Formation, but the production decreases rapidly with a short production cycle, and the economic recoverability is limited. In contrast, the initial production is lower in the tight interlayer sandstones of the source in the second and fourth members of the Funing Formation, which has a slower decline rate, longer production cycle and better economical recoverability.
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Key words:
- occurrence state /
- recoverability /
- tight oil /
- Funing Formation /
- Paleogene /
- Subei Basin
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图 1 苏北盆地阜宁组致密油成藏组合分布
Figure 1. Accumulation association of tight oil in Funing Formation, Subei Basin
图 2 苏北盆地金湖、高邮凹陷阜二、阜四段泥页岩和夹层及邻层砂岩滞留油总量
Figure 2. Total hydrocarbon retention in shale, interlayer and adjacent sandstones in second and fourth members of Funing Formation, Jinhu and Gaoyou sags, Subei Basin
图 3 苏北盆地阜宁组致密油各组分与TOC的关系
Figure 3. TOC content vs. tight oil components of Funing Formation, Subei Basin
图 4 苏北盆地阜二段、阜四段油饱和指数与Tmax的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between oil saturation index and Tmax of second and fourth members of Funing Formation, Subei Basin
图 5 苏北盆地纹层状湖相碳酸盐岩核磁分析弛豫时间T2分布
Figure 5. T2 distribution spectrum by NMR of lamellar lacustrine carbonates, Subei Basin
图 6 苏北盆地高邮凹陷黄158井E1f4泥页岩可动流体与基质孔隙度、有机碳含量的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between movable fluid and matrix porosity (left), TOC content (right) in fourth member of Funing Formation, well Huang 158, Gaoyou Sag, Subei Basin
图 7 苏北盆地许X38和天X96井致密油生产曲线
Figure 7. Production curves of tight oil in wells Xu X 38 and Tian X 96, Subei Basin
表 1 苏北盆地阜宁组源—储叠置关系与成藏组合分布
Table 1. Source-reservoir superimposed relationship and accumulation association in Funing Formation, Subei Basin
地层 储集层 生油层 成藏组合 油气成藏地区及岩性 段 亚段 厚度/m Φ/% K/10-3 μm2 厚度/m w(TOC)/% 源下 源内 远源 E1f4 E1f41 ＞100 1.2 ⑤远源断砂输导型 高邮致密砂岩 E1f42 ＞100 0.74 E1f3 E1f31 ＜30 8~12 0.1~1 E1f32 E1f33 ＜20 E1f2 E1f21 5~10 3.2 40~80 2.14 ②源内 金湖碳酸盐岩、砂岩夹层 E1f22 5~10 8~26 2.2~79.8 60~80 1.29 ①源下 ③源内 E1f23 ＜40 8~12 0.1~1 5~10 0.98 ④源内 E1f1 E1f11 ＜80 8~12 0.1~1 高邮致密砂岩 
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表 2 苏北盆地金湖-高邮凹陷阜二、阜四段泥页岩及夹层与邻层砂岩含油性与可动性评价
Table 2. Evaluation of oil content and mobility in shale, interlayer and adjacent sandstones in second and fourth members of Funing Formation, Jinhu and Gaoyou sags, Subei Basin
岩性 井号 层位 样品位置 游离轻质油S1-1/(mg·g-1) 游离轻—中质油S1-2/(mg·g-1) 吸附—互溶油S2-1/(mg·g-1) 游离烃总量/(mg·g-1) 总滞留油量/(mg·g-1) 总游离烃/总滞留油/% 吸附—互溶油/总滞留油/% 游离轻质油/总滞留油/% 热解再生油S2-2/(mg·g-1) 凹陷 浅灰色粉砂岩 程2 E1f2 夹层 0.07 2.46 1.02 2.53 3.55 69.30 28.73 1.97 0.50 金湖 灰色粉砂质泥岩 程2 E1f2 夹层 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 33.33 66.67 0.00 0.05 浅灰色灰质泥岩 崔2 E1f3 邻层 0.00 0.15 1.84 0.15 1.99 7.54 92.46 0.00 2.73 灰色粉砂岩 戴1 E1f2 夹层 0.01 1.18 7.59 1.19 8.78 13.44 86.45 0.11 7.22 深灰色泥灰岩 河X4 E1f4 邻层 0.00 0.12 2.03 0.12 2.15 5.58 94.42 0.00 4.32 灰色粉砂岩 河X4 E1f2 夹层 0.41 6.11 3.25 6.52 9.77 62.54 33.27 4.20 1.55 深灰色泥岩 河X4 E1f2 泥页岩 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 33.33 66.67 0.00 0.02 灰黑色泥岩 河参1 E1f2 泥页岩 0.02 0.98 1.29 1.00 2.29 42.79 56.33 0.87 2.52 灰黑色泥岩 河参1 E1f2 泥页岩 0.06 1.33 3.07 1.39 4.46 29.82 68.83 1.35 4.96 灰黑色泥岩 河参1 E1f2 泥页岩 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.05 20.00 80.00 0.00 0.08 灰色粉砂岩 唐5 E1f2 夹层 0.61 8.31 5.10 8.92 14.02 59.27 36.38 4.35 3.07 深灰色砂质泥岩 天89 E1f2 夹层 0.00 0.19 0.35 0.19 0.54 35.19 64.81 0.00 0.39 灰色砂岩 天X79 E1f4 夹层 0.51 6.29 2.97 6.80 9.77 64.38 30.40 5.22 2.51 深灰色泥岩 天X79 E1f4 泥页岩 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.09 33.33 66.67 0.00 0.10 灰色泥岩 大X3 E1f2 泥页岩 0.00 0.65 5.52 0.65 6.17 10.53 89.47 0.00 7.99 高邮 灰色泥岩 方4 E1f3 邻层 0.21 3.56 7.58 3.77 11.35 31.37 66.78 1.85 13.90 灰黑色泥岩 富深1 E1f1 邻层 0.02 0.34 0.33 0.36 0.69 49.28 47.83 2.90 0.29 灰黑色泥岩 富深1 E1f2 泥页岩 0.07 0.92 1.10 0.99 2.09 44.02 52.63 3.35 1.96 灰黑色泥岩 富深1 E1f4 泥页岩 0.02 0.77 3.29 0.79 4.08 18.87 80.64 0.49 9.21 深灰色泥岩 花深1 E1f3 0.02 0.14 0.12 0.16 0.28 50.00 42.86 7.14 0.59 灰色粉砂岩 联5 E1f2 夹层 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 66.67 33.33 0.00 0.01 深灰色泥灰岩 联5 E1f3 邻层 0.00 0.05 0.23 0.05 0.28 17.86 82.14 0.00 0.56 黑色泥岩 联5 E1f4 泥页岩 0.00 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.11 18.18 81.82 0.00 0.16 灰黑色泥岩 临X3 E1f2 泥页岩 0.00 0.04 0.18 0.04 0.22 18.18 81.82 0.00 0.24 灰白色砂岩 沙20 E1f1 邻层 0.86 14.49 5.57 15.35 20.92 69.26 26.63 4.11 2.73 深灰色砂岩 沙20 E1f1 邻层 0.72 12.90 6.02 13.62 19.64 65.68 30.65 3.67 2.82 深灰色粉砂岩 韦5 E1f1 邻层 0.59 9.43 7.69 10.02 17.71 53.25 43.42 3.33 4.50
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表 3 苏北盆地高邮凹陷黄158井E1f4泥、页岩可动流体含量统计
Table 3. Movable fluid content in mud shale in fourth member of Funing Formation, well Huang 158, Gaoyou Sag, Subei Basin
裂缝发育情况 可动流体含量/% 孔隙度/% 所有样品 有可动流体的样品 所有样品 发育裂缝 0.17(17) 0.14~2.52/1.47(2) 0.24~6.58/2.10(17) 多发育裂缝 3.34(89) 0.01~20.68/6.75(44) 0.26~13.2/4.20(89) 薄层状，2个页状 0.27(32) 1.06~3.80/2.15(4) 1.5~10.18/6.00(32) 薄层状，发育裂缝 0.81(36) 0.14~11.58/4.86(6) 1.39~10.36/6.20(36) 注：表中数值意义：最小值~最大值/平均值(样品数)。
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