美国页岩油资源分布特征与主控因素研究

白国平; 邱海华; 邓舟舟; 王文庸; 陈君

doi:10.11781/sysydz202004524

美国页岩油资源分布特征与主控因素研究

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202004524

白国平^{1, 2,},
邱海华^{1, 2},
邓舟舟^{1, 2},
王文庸³,
陈君^{1, 2}

1.
中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
2.
中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
3.
中国石化东北油气分公司, 长春 130062

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项 2017ZX05049-001-007

国家科技重大专项 2017X05005-001-006

详细信息

作者简介:
白国平(1963-), 男, 博士, 教授, 从事全球油气分布、含油气系统分析与资源评价等研究工作。E-mail: baigp@cup.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE122.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-30
- 修回日期: 2020-06-22
- 刊出日期: 2020-07-28

Distribution and main controls for shale oil resources in USA

BAI Guoping^{1, 2
,},
QIU Haihua^{1, 2},
DENG Zhouzhou^{1, 2},
WANG Wenyong³,
CHEN Jun^{1, 2}

1.
College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3.
SINOPEC Northeast Oil Company, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China

摘要

摘要: 通过对美国页岩油资源的系统统计分析和主要页岩油盆地成藏要素的综合研究，揭示美国页岩油资源的分布规律与富集主控因素，为我国页岩油的勘探开发提供参考借鉴。美国页岩油总技术可采资源量为1 507.94×10⁸ bbl，其中累计探明可采储量365.40×10⁸ bbl，探明率24.2%。页岩油资源分布极不均衡，高度富集于二叠盆地，其次是海湾盆地和威利斯顿盆地。页岩油资源的富集主要受优质烃源岩规模、页岩层系顶底板和储集岩“甜点”规模等成藏要素的控制，前两者控制了页岩油的资源规模，后者控制了页岩油的产量规模。中国页岩油的勘探应特别关注大型沉积盆地内的选区和选层，发现新“甜点”和扩大已知“甜点”的规模是实现页岩油勘探新突破和页岩油增储上产的关键。
- 分布特征 /
- 富集主控因素 /
- 甜点 /
- 勘探启示 /
- 页岩油 /
- 美国
Abstract: Systematic analyses of statistical data of shale oil resources and an integrated investigation of geological elements in major shale oil basins in USA were made. They characterize the distribution features of shale oil resources and document the controlling factors for shale oil endowment in USA. The results provide insights for shale oil exploration and production in China. Recoverable shale oil resources amount to 1 51×10⁹ bbl in USA, of which 36.5×10⁹ bbl have already been proven with a discovery rate of 24.2%. The shale oil resources are unevenly distributed. The Permian Basin has the lion's share of the total, followed by the Gulf and Williston basins. The enrichment of shale oil resources is largely governed by the volume of high quality source rocks, the extensive top and bottom seals of shale oil plays and the scale of "sweet spots" in shale oil reservoir intervals. The former two control the total endowment of shale oil resources and the latter controls the production volume of shale oils. It is suggested that China's shale oil exploration should focus on the selection of favorable plays and their fairways in large sedimentary basins. The delineation of new "sweet spots" and the expansion of the extent of known "sweet spots" are the keys for the new breakthroughs of shale oil exploration and the increase of both shale oil production and reserves.
- distribution feature /
- enrichment control factor /
- sweet spot /
- exploration implication /
- shale oil /
- USA

HTML全文

图 1 美国页岩油资源量盆地分布

Figure 1. Distribution of shale oil resources in different basins in USA

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图 2 美国不同区带2000-01-01—2020-03-01页岩油日产量

原始数据源自EIA^[16]。

Figure 2. Historical daily production of shale oil for different plays from 1 January 2000 to 1 March 2020 in USA

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图 3 美国富页岩油区带“甜点”分布特征示意

Figure 3. A schematic diagram illustrating "sweet spot" distributions in shale plays in USA

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表 1 页岩油/致密岩分类体系

Table 1. Scheme for classification of shale oil/tight oil

分类		赋存介质	运移特征	按储集岩性细分^[13-14]	按源储配置关系细分^[4]
页岩油/ 致密油(广义)	致密油(狭义)	泥页岩之外的致密岩石	源储非一体，有二次运移	(1)致密砂岩油 (2)致密灰岩油 ……	(1)源上致密油 (2)源内致密油 (3)源下致密油
页岩油/ 致密油(广义)	页岩油(狭义)	泥页岩及薄致密岩夹层	源储一体，无或有限二次运移	页岩油	页岩油(包含裂缝型页岩油)

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表 2 页岩油资源分类方案

Table 2. Scheme for classification of shale oil resources

总地质资源量	已发现地质储量	总可采储量	累计产量
			剩余探明可采储量
			未探明可采储量
		不可采量
	待发现地质资源量	待发现技术可采资源量
		不可采资源量
注：表中红色标注的条目有系统的公开数据，其他的条目无系统的公开数据。

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表 3 美国页岩油资源数据

Table 3. U.S. shale oil cumlative production, proven reserves and undiscovered resources

盆地	主要产层	时代	累计产量/10⁸ bbl	剩余探明储量/10⁸ bbl	待发现资源量/10⁸ bbl	总资源量/10⁸ bbl	总资源量占比/%	探明率/ %
二叠	Bone Spring, Spraberry和Wolfcamp	P₁-P₂	45.68	110.96	878.27	1, 034.91	68.6	15.1
海湾	Austin Chalk和Eagle Ford	K₂	32.99	47.34	115.24	195.56	13.0	41.1
威利斯顿	Bakken和Three Forks	D₃-C₁	30.49	58.62	81.49	170.60	11.3	52.2
落基山盆地群	Niobrara	K₂	8.37	3.17	16.63	28.17	1.9	41.0
安纳达科	Mississippian和Woodford	D₃-C₁	5.72	5.60	9.18	20.51	1.4	55.2
阿巴拉契亚	Utica	O₃	1.01	3.45	37.07	41.53	2.8	10.7
其他	Monterey, Haynesville, Yeso和Glorieta等	N₁, J₃, P₂	7.31	4.69	4.65	16.66	1.1	72.1
合计			131.57	233.83	1 142.54	1 507.94		24.2
注：资料截至2018年底，原始数据源自EIA^{[16, 18-19]}, USGS^[12]。总资源量=累计产量+剩余储量+待发现资源量，探明率=探明储量(累计产量+剩余储量)/总资源量

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表 4 美国页岩油分类、地质特征和产量与待发现资源量

Table 4. Classification, geological features, production and undiscovered resources for shale oil plays in USA

盆地	页岩油区带	烃源岩	储集岩	类型¹⁾	累计产量²⁾		2019年产量		待发现资源量
盆地	页岩油区带	烃源岩	储集岩	类型¹⁾	值/10⁸ bbl	占比/ %	值/10⁸ bbl	占比/ %	值/10⁸ bbl	占比/ %
二叠	Spraberry	泥岩	砂岩、粉砂岩	混合型	21.03	53.3	5.89	54.3	45.51	27.7
二叠	Bone Spring	泥岩	砂岩、粉砂岩	混合型	6.82		2.00		163.03
海湾	Austin Chalk	泥灰岩	白垩岩	混合型	3.44		0.40		9.85
威利斯顿	Bakken/Three Forks	页岩	石灰岩、白云岩、粉砂岩	混合型	30.49		5.17		81.49
落基山盆地群	Niobrara	页岩	泥灰岩	混合型	1.90		1.90		16.63
二叠	Wolfcamp	泥岩	硅质泥岩	基质型	11.29	33.6	5.31	37.0	614.71	64.1
二叠	Avalon	泥岩	硅质泥岩	基质型	0.36		0.22		55.02
海湾	Eagle Ford	泥灰岩	泥灰岩	基质型	29.55		4.53		53.35
安纳达科	Woodford	页岩	硅质页岩	基质型	3.05		0.38		9.18
加州盆地群	Monterey	页岩	硅质页岩	裂缝型	3.52	2.7	0.09	0.3	0.40	0.0
	其他			待定	13.67	10.4	2.37	8.4	93.37	8.2
合计					131.57		28.27		1 142.54
1) 一个页岩油区带可同时发育不同类型的页岩油，本表所列仅为页岩油的主要类型。 2)截至2018年底的累计产量。

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表 5 美国页岩油盆地2012-2018年剩余探明储量

Table 5. Shale oil reserves at year end of 2012-2018 for shale oil basins in USA 10⁸ bbl

盆地	2012—2018年剩余探明储量
盆地	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
二叠盆地	2.36	3.35	7.22	7.82	49.60	83.19	110.96
威利斯顿盆地	31.66	48.44	59.72	50.30	52.26	54.47	58.62
海湾盆地	33.72	41.77	51.72	42.95	41.63	48.15	47.34
其他盆地	5.64	6.87	14.99	14.95	12.06	13.92	16.91
注：原始数据源自IEA^[19-22]。

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表 6 美国主要页岩油盆地烃源岩规模和地化特征

Table 6. Volumetric scale and geochemical features of source rocks for major shale oil plays in USA

盆地	主要区带	烃源岩规模		w(TOC)/%	地化指标
盆地	主要区带	面积/km²	厚度/m	w(TOC)/%	干酪根类型	R_o/%
二叠	Wolfcamp	51 120	60~1 200	< 2.0~8.0/3.3	Ⅱ	0.5~1.6
	Spraberry	17 170	60~300	~1.6	Ⅱ, Ⅱ/Ⅲ	0.5~1.2
	Bone Spring	19 700	20~1 300	1~5	Ⅱ, Ⅱ/Ⅲ	0.62
	Avalon	8 900	30~120	2~10	Ⅱ/Ⅲ	0.5~0.9
海湾	Austin Chalk & Eagle Ford	21 150	90~120	2.1~8.0/5.0	Ⅱ	0.7~1.3
威利斯顿	Bakken & Three Forks	34 200	10~24	2.0~22.0/11.0	Ⅱ	0.6~1.0
丹佛	Niobrara	2 770	210	2.0~8.0/5.0	Ⅱ	0.6~1.3
阿纳达科	Mississippian & Woodford	5 850	37~67	1.0~14.0	Ⅱ	0.6~1.5
注：表中数值为最小值~最大值/平均值。

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