稠油油藏注CO<sub>2</sub>提高采收率影响因素研究

孙焕泉; 王海涛; 吴光焕; 王一平

doi:10.11781/sysydz2020061009

稠油油藏注CO₂提高采收率影响因素研究

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2020061009

1.
中国石油化工股份有限公司, 北京 100728
2.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
3.
中国石化胜利油田分公司, 山东东营 257015

详细信息

作者简介:
孙焕泉(1965-), 男, 博士, 教授级高级工程师, 从事油气田开发研究和管理工作。E-mail: sunhquan@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE345
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-03
- 修回日期: 2020-10-19
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-28

CO₂ EOR factors in heavy oil reservoirs

1.
SINOPEC, Beijing 100728, China
2.
Petroleum Exploration&Production Research Institute(PEPRIS), SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Shengli Oilfield, SINOPEC, Dongying, Shandong 257015, China

摘要

摘要: 与稀油注CO₂提高采收率机理不同，CO₂与稠油无法达到混相，因此影响其开发效果的主要因素差别很大，特别是在热化学复合采油过程中，注入的CO₂主要发挥隔热、降黏、增能的作用。为了进一步研究不同因素对稠油油藏注CO₂驱替效果的影响，在稠油样品物性分析的基础上，利用正交实验方法研究了原油黏度、温度、压力和渗透率对稠油油藏注CO₂提高采收率的影响。温度对采收率影响最大，其他因素由大到小依次为：渗透率、压力、油样类型。根据实验结论及认识，综合考虑地层温度、油藏渗透率等因素，在胜利油田开展了稠油油藏注CO₂吞吐提高采收率矿场试验。从矿场实际生产结果来看，油藏温度增加以及油藏渗透率提高，都有利于注CO₂吞吐开发，都能够有效提高油井产量。
- 稠油 /
- 二氧化碳 /
- 正交实验 /
- 影响因素 /
- 提高采收率
Abstract: Different from the mechanism of improving light oil recovery by CO₂ injection, heavy oil does not mix with CO₂, so the main factors affecting its development are very different. Especially in the process of thermochemical composite oil recovery, the injected CO₂ mainly plays a role in insulating heat, reducing viscosity and increasing energy. The properties of heavy oil were determined in this study in order to systematically investigate the effects of different factors influencing CO₂ displacement. The effect of heavy oil viscosity, temperature, pressure and permeability on recovery were investigated using the orthogonal experimental method. Temperature was the most significant factor, followed by permeability, pressure and heavy oil viscosity. According to the experimental results and considering factors such as reservoir temperature and permeability, the field tests of CO₂ huff and puff in the Shengli Oilfield of SINOPEC were conducted. Production results show that increasing reservoir temperature and permeability is beneficial for CO₂ EOR and can improve oil production.
- heavy oil /
- carbon dioxide /
- orthogonal experiment /
- influencing factors /
- EOR

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图 1 CO₂驱替稠油实验中3种类型稠油红外光谱图

Figure 1. Infrared spectra of three types of heavy oil in CO₂ flooding experiment

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图 2 稠油注CO₂驱替压差变化曲线

Figure 2. Pressure difference variation of CO₂ flooding in heavy oil

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图 3 不同因素对驱油效率影响的效应曲线

Figure 3. Effect curves of different factors on oil displacement efficiency

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图 4 温度和渗透率对注CO₂吞吐井增油倍数的影响

Figure 4. Effect of temperature and permeability on oil increment multiple of CO₂ huff and puff process

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表 1 稠油油藏注CO₂提高采收率最佳适用条件的四因素正交实验数据

Table 1. Four-factor orthogonal experiment data for the best conditions for CO₂ injection in heavy oil reservoirs to enhance oil recovery

实验	设计的岩心渗透率/(10^-3 μm²)	油样	实验温度/℃	实验压力/MPa
1	250	1#	40	8
2	250	2#	60	12
3	250	3#	80	16
4	500	3#	40	12
5	500	1#	60	16
6	500	2#	80	8
7	1 000	2#	40	16
8	1 000	3#	60	8
9	1 000	1#	80	12

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表 2 CO₂驱替稠油实验中3种类型稠油黏度与温度的关系

Table 2. Relationship between viscosity and temperature of three types of heavy oil in CO₂ flooding experiment

油样	黏度/(mPa·s)
油样	40 ℃	60 ℃	80 ℃
1#	57 500	8 650	1 760
2#	75 200	9 070	1 910
3#	121 000	24 800	4 570

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表 3 CO₂驱替稠油实验中3种类型稠油四组分分析

Table 3. Four-component analysis of three types of heavy oil in CO₂ flooding experiment

油样	四组分含量/%
油样	饱和分	芳香分	胶质和沥青质
1#	20.78	14.05	65.17
2#	24.97	9.22	65.81
3#	17.36	14.97	67.68

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表 4 正交实验结果极差分析

Table 4. Range analysis of orthogonal experiment results

实验	渗透率/(10^-3 μm²)	温度/℃	压力/MPa	油样	驱油效率/%
1	257	40	8	1#	8.305
2	231	60	12	2#	9.943
3	234	80	16	3#	26.482
4	502	40	12	3#	6.265
5	500	60	16	1#	13.774
6	490	80	8	2#	36.248
7	959	40	16	2#	6.847
8	977	60	8	3#	17.339
9	936	80	12	1#	39.780
极差	6.412	27.031	4.930	3.925

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表 5 正交实验结果方差分析

Table 5. Variance analysis of orthogonal experiment results

因素	偏差平方和	自由度	F比	临界值F(0.10)
渗透率	0.006	2	0.182	3.110
温度	0.119	2	3.606	3.110
压力	0.004	2	0.121	3.110
油样类型	0.003	2	0.091	3.110
误差	0.13	8
注：偏差平方和指一组数据中，各个数与它们的算术平均值之差的平方和；自由度指假设n个数之和的均值为一定值，此时n个数中只有(n-1)个可自由变动，数学上将(n-1)称为自由度；F比指因素水平的改变引起的平均偏差平方和与误差的平均偏差平方和的比值；临界值F(0.1)是指实验的自由度下，信度为0.1时，F比的临界值，F比高于该值，表明实验结果的差异主要是由因素水平的改变所引起的；F比低于该值，表明实验结果的差异主要是由实验误差所引起的。

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表 6 稠油油藏注CO₂吞吐井相关参数

Table 6. Well parameters of CO₂ huff and puff process in heavy oil reservoirs

	地层温度/℃	渗透率/(10^-3 μm²)	注CO₂前日产油/t	注CO₂后日产油/t	增油倍数	年增油/t
井1	59.6	982	1.1	2.2	1.0	229.6
井2	56.0	882	0.8	1.6	1.0	239.4
井3	61.3	455	0.5	1.3	1.6	59.8
井4	62.2	798	0.3	1.1	2.7	173.4
井5	48.8	142	0.6	0.8	0.3	245.0
井6	62.8	358	0.5	1.2	1.4	109.7
井7	51.0	407	2.1	4.1	1.0	600.2
注：增油倍数是指油井注CO₂之后的增油量与注CO₂前日产油的比值。

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