塔里木盆地顺南地区奥陶系鹰山组白云岩形成机制及其发育模式

康仁东; 孟万斌; 肖春晖

doi:10.11781/sysydz202006900

塔里木盆地顺南地区奥陶系鹰山组白云岩形成机制及其发育模式

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202006900

1.
中国石化西北油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 乌鲁木齐 830011
2.
油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室, 成都理工大学沉积地质研究院, 成都 610059
3.
海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室, 中国海洋大学地球科学学院, 山东青岛 266100

基金项目:

中国石化西北油田分公司科技项目“塔中北坡奥陶系储层成因与发育模式研究” 344000000-14

详细信息

作者简介:
康仁东(1981—)，工程师，从事油气地质勘探研究。E-mail: kangrend.xbsj@sinopec.com

通讯作者:
孟万斌(1968-), 男, 博士, 副教授, 从事沉积学、层序地层学及储层地质学研究教学。E-mail: mwb@cdut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE122.221
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-13
- 修回日期: 2020-10-29
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-28

Formation mechanisms and development models of dolomite reservoirs in Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Shunnan area, Tarim Basin

1.
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production, SINOPEC Northwest Oilfield Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Institute of sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
3.
Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China

摘要

摘要: 为深化对塔里木盆地顺南地区白云岩储层的认识，明确奥陶系鹰山组白云岩的成因和发育模式，指导油气勘探，在岩心观察和薄片鉴定的基础上，运用扫描电镜观察、阴极发光分析、碳氧同位素测试和稀土元素分析等手段，研究了顺南地区奥陶系鹰山组白云岩储层的岩相学特征和地球化学特征，分析了白云岩的形成机制，构建了不同成因类型的白云岩发育模式。岩相学分析表明，鹰山组主要发育粉—细晶白云岩（石）、细—中晶白云岩（石）和缝洞充填中—粗晶白云石等3种白云岩（石）；地球化学特征揭示，粉—细晶白云石形成于盐度较高的水体中，是近地表环境蒸发泵白云石化的产物；细—中晶白云石形成于埋藏环境；中—粗晶白云石形成于相对封闭的成岩环境，是构造—热液白云石化的产物。中—深埋藏白云石化可形成孔隙较发育的规模化细—中晶白云岩，是最有利于储层发育的白云石化作用。
- 白云石化 /
- 地球化学特征 /
- 碳酸盐岩 /
- 鹰山组 /
- 奥陶系 /
- 塔里木盆地
Abstract: The dolomite reservoirs of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Shunnan area of the Tarim Basin have a great oil and gas potential. However, the genesis of different types of dolomite reservoirs is still subject to debate. In order to further deepen the understanding of the dolomite reservoirs in Shunnan area and clarify the genesis and development models of the dolomites in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation, the petrography and geochemistry of the dolomites were studied in detail, and some dolomitization models were established based on observation of core samples and thin section identification, using SEM, cathodoluminescence, carbon and oxygen isotope data and rare earth element pattern analysis. The petrographic analysis shows that the Yingshan Formation mainly develops three types of dolomite: powder-fine crystalline dolomite, fine-medium crystalline dolomite and fractured vug filling medium-coarse crystalline dolomite. Geochemical characteristics reveal that powder-fine crystalline dolomite is formed in water with higher salinity, which is the product of near-surface environment evaporation pump dolomitization. Fine-medium crystalline dolomite is formed in a buried environment. Medium-coarse crystalline dolomite is formed in relatively closed diagenetic environment, which is the product of tectonic-hydrothermal dolomitization.Medium-deep buried dolomitization can form large-scale fine-medium crystal dolomite with well-developed pores, which is the most favorable dolomitization for reservoir development.
- dolomitization /
- geochemical features /
- carbonate rock /
- Yingshan Formation /
- Ordovician /
- Tarim Basin

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图 1 塔里木盆地顺南地区构造位置

据文献[8]修改。

Figure 1. Structural location of Shunnan area in Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 塔里木盆地顺南地区鹰山组白云岩(石)显微岩石学特征

a.纹层状粉晶白云岩，顺南5井，7 178.15 m，薄片扫描图像；b.斑块状分布的粉晶白云石，顺南5井，7 070.29 m，单偏光；c.粉晶白云岩，显雾心亮边，顺南5井，7 071.50 m，单偏光；d.图c对应的阴极发光(CL)图像，白云石发很暗的红色光；e.细晶白云岩，溶孔中充填中晶白云石，古隆1井，6 531.78 m，单偏光；f.图e对应的CL图像，粉晶白云石发很暗的红色光，中晶白云石具环带发光；g.中晶白云岩，白云石自形—半自形，具明显的雾心亮边，古隆1井，6 533.90 m；h.图g对应的CL图像，白云石具环带发光特征；i.粉晶白云岩，溶蚀孔洞内充填中—粗晶白云石，晶体自形程度好；顺南5井，7 073.20 m；j.图i对应的CL图像，基质粉晶白云石发暗红色光，充填的粗晶白云石发橙红色光；k.亮晶砂屑灰岩中沿缝合线分布的细—中晶白云石，白云石表面较脏，顺南5井，7 177.70 m，单偏光；l.粉晶白云岩中的粒状黄铁矿，顺南5井，7 070.50 m，SEM图像

Figure 2. Micro petrological characteristics of Yingshan Formation dolomites in Shunnan area, Tarim Basin

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图 3 塔里木盆地顺南地区鹰山组不同类型碳酸盐矿物的碳、氧同位素特征

Figure 3. Carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics of different types of carbonate minerals in Yingshan Formation in Shunnan area, Tarim Basin

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图 4 塔里木盆地顺南地区鹰山组不同类型白云岩稀土元素配分曲线

蓝色曲线表示细—中晶白云岩，橙色曲线表示粉晶白云岩，绿色曲线表示未经白云石化的灰岩

Figure 4. REE distribution of different types of dolomites in Shunnan area, Tarim Basin

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图 5 塔里木盆地顺南地区鹰山组碳酸盐岩中不同成因白云石化模式

据参考文献[47]，有修改。

Figure 5. Dolomitization models of different genesis in carbonate rocks of Yingshan Formation in Shunnan area, Tarim Basin

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表 1 塔里木盆地顺南地区鹰山组不同类型白云石阴极发光特征

Table 1. Cathodoluminescence characteristics of different types of dolomites from Yingshan Formation in Shunnan area, Tarim Basin

井位	岩性	赋存位置	发光特征	发光强度
顺南5	纹层状粉晶白云岩	基质	紫红	较弱
顺南5	粉晶白云岩	基质	紫红	较弱
古隆1	细晶白云岩	基质	红	较弱
古隆1	细晶白云岩	基质	红	较弱
古隆1	含灰粉—细晶云岩	基质	红	较弱
顺南2	含硅灰质白云岩	缝合线	橘红	较亮
顺南2	含硅灰质白云岩	白云石团块	橘红	单环亮边
顺南3	亮晶砂屑—微晶灰岩	斑状白云石	橘红	雾心亮边
顺南2	亮晶砂屑灰岩	缝合线	橘红	较亮
顺南5	粉晶白云岩	溶蚀缝	红	可见2期
古隆1	细晶白云岩	裂缝	红	环带状亮边
古隆1	含灰粉—细晶云岩	溶蚀孔洞	红	较亮

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表 2 塔里木盆地顺南地区鹰山组不同类型白云石微量元素电子探针分析

Table 2. Trace element analysis of different types of dolomites from Yingshan Formation in Shunnan area, Tarim Basin

岩石类型	样品数/件	Mn/10^-6(平均值)	Sr/10^-6(平均值)	Mn/Sr(平均值)
灰岩	18	113.39	179.42	0.63
粉—细晶白云石	15	122.68	261.82	0.47
沿缝合线分布的	29	96.83	282.97	0.34
细—中晶白云石溶蚀孔洞和裂缝内充填的中—粗晶白云石	19	109.52	434.53	0.25

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表 3 塔里木盆地顺南地区鹰山组碳酸盐岩样品碳、氧同位素组成

Table 3. Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of different types of dolomites from Yingshan Formation in Shunnan area, Tarim Basin

井号	井深/m	样品类型	δ¹³C_VPDB/‰	δ¹⁸O_VPDB/‰
古隆1井	6 455.50	粉—细晶白云石	0.24	-7.41
古隆1井	6 461.67		-0.15	-9.11
顺南5井	7 073.20		-0.10	-9.99
顺南5井	7 069.50		-0.25	-6.44
顺南5井	7 071.50		0.19	-13.47
古隆1井	6 533.90	细—中晶白云石	-2.00	-12.35
古隆1井	6 536.53		-2.27	-13.47
古隆3井	6 235.30		-2.59	-12.58
古隆1井	6 532.29	鞍形白云石	-3.04	-14.30
古隆1井	6 532.29	鞍形白云石	-1.60	-6.99
顺南1井	6 672.81	微晶灰岩中方解石	-2.96	-14.00
顺南2井	6 548.52	微晶灰岩中方解石	-1.73	-11.49
顺南2井	6 454.66	砂屑灰岩裂缝内充填的方解石脉	-2.01	-11.13
顺南2井	6 869.77		-2.05	-4.68
顺南2井	6 873.78		-1.84	-5.54
古隆2井	5 790.59		-2.23	-4.73
顺南2井	6 550.81	溶蚀孔洞中充填的亮晶方解石	-0.57	-4.27
顺南1井	6 669.13	溶蚀孔洞中充填的亮晶方解石	-2.45	-5.91
顺南4井	6 668.80	硅化岩中的方解石脉	-1.72	-5.81
顺南4井	6 669.25		-1.70	-7.25
顺南4井	6 672.50		-1.67	-4.31

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 塔里木盆地顺南地区鹰山组不同白云岩的稀土元素特征

Table 4. REE characteristics of different types of dolostones in Yingshan Formation in Shunnan area, Tarim Basin

样品号	样品类型	ΣREE/10^-6	δCe	δEu	∑LREE/∑HREE
GL1-2T	细晶白云岩	23.40	0.89	0.75	7.05
GL1-4T	纹层状细晶白云岩	11.40	0.81	0.90	5.66
GL1-6T	中晶白云岩	7.85	0.80	0.87	5.09
GL1-8T	细晶白云岩	10.32	0.80	1.01	6.41
SN5-14T	细晶白云岩	6.84	0.79	1.14	4.77
GL3-24T	纹层状粉晶白云岩	7.84	0.61	1.21	5.76
SN5-24T	粉晶白云岩	11.18	0.83	0.88	5.89
SN5-17T	纹层状粉晶白云岩	15.09	0.86	0.84	6.36
GL3-11T	亮晶砂屑灰岩	8.17	0.70	1.33	5.76
SN2-16T	微晶灰岩	6.62	0.72	0.94	4.71

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