Chemical characteristics of formation water and the relationship with oil and gas preservation on northwestern margin of Junggar Basin
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摘要: 准噶尔盆地西北缘油气富集，油水关系复杂。基于研究区大量地层水化学数据，分析了石炭系—白垩系各含油层系地层水化学垂向、平面分布特征，并结合地质背景，对红山嘴油田进行解剖，探讨了地层水化学特征与油气保存之间的关系。研究区纵向上从深到浅、地层由老到新，地层水矿化度逐渐减小；平面上，石炭系—白垩系，地层水矿化度高值区呈现从西北缘逐渐往盆地内部迁移的趋势。盆缘地区或克—乌断裂上盘等地区受地表水或大气水下渗淋滤影响较大，地层水处于自由交替循环带，分布低矿化度、低氯离子浓度的Na2SO4型或NaHCO3型水，地层封闭性较差，通常形成稠油；往盆地内部或克—乌断裂下盘等地区，地层水处于交替停滞带或阻滞带，浓缩程度高，主要分布高矿化度、高氯离子浓度CaCl2型水，地层封闭性好，形成保存较好的中—轻质油。Abstract: The northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin is rich in oil and gas, and the relationship between oil and water is complicated. A large amount of formation water data was used to examine the vertical and lateral distribution of the water chemistry in oil-bearing strata from the Carboniferous to the Cretaceous. Combined with the geological background, the Hongshanzui Oilfield was dissected and the relationship between the chemical characteristics of formation water and the preservation of oil and gas is discussed. The results show that the formation water salinity decreases gradually when the burial depth varies from deep to shallow layers and the stratigraphic age varies from old to new. From the Carboniferous to the Cretaceous, the high salinity area of the formation water gradually migrates from the northwestern margin to the interior of the basin. The margin of the basin or the Ke-Wu fracture hanging wall is greatly affected by the infiltration and leaching of surface water or atmospheric water. The formation water is in a free alternating circulation zone, with low salinity, low chloride ion concentration Na2SO4 type or NaHCO3 type water. The formation is poorly sealed, and heavy oil is usually formed. To the interior of the basin or the Ke-Wu fracture footwall, the formation water is in an alternating or stable stagnation zone, with a high degree of concentration. There mainly exists high salinity and high chloride ion concentration CaCl2 type water. The formation has good sealing properties and forms well-preserved medium-light oil.
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图 1 准噶尔盆地西北缘地质简图
1.风城油田；2.乌尔禾油田；3.夏子街油田；4.玛北油田；5.百口泉油田；6.艾湖油田；7.克拉玛依油田；8.石南油气田；9.红山嘴油田；10.金龙油田；11.小拐油田；12.莫北油气田；13.莫索湾油气田；14.车排子油田；15.卡因迪克油田
Figure 1. Geological sketch map of northwestern margin of Junggar Basin
图 2 准噶尔盆地西北缘地层水化学垂向典型分布特征
Figure 2. Vertical distribution of formation water chemistry on the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin
图 3 准噶尔盆地西北缘地层水水型分布特征
Figure 3. Distribution of formation water types on the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin
图 4 准噶尔盆地西北缘地层水矿化度平面分布特征
Figure 4. Lateral distribution of formation water salinity on the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin
图 5 准噶尔盆地西北缘一至九区地层水矿化度和原油密度统计
Figure 5. Statistical histogram of formation water salinity and crude oil density of regions 1-9 on the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin
图 6 准噶尔盆地红山嘴油田地层水矿化度及原油密度垂向分布特征
Figure 6. Vertical distribution of formation water salinity and crude oil density in Hongshanzui oilfield
表 1 准噶尔盆地西北缘地层水化学特征统计
Table 1. Formation water chemical characteristics on northwestern margin of Junggar Basin
地层 样品数 矿化度/(g·L-1) 氯离子/(g·L-1) 重碳酸根离子/(g·L-1) 钠氯系数[r(Na+)/r(Cl-)] 脱硫系数[r(SO2-4)/r(Cl-)]×100 盐化系数{r(Cl-)/[r(HCO-3)+r(CO2-3)]} 白垩系 52 1.13/50.10(11.64) 0.21/19.85(5.38) 0.03/10.52(2.00) 0.90/2.41(1.33) 0.03/45.10(8.04) 0.51/146.57(12.41) 侏罗系 687 1.15/71.91(8.69) 0.17/41.30(4.22) 0.009/9.09(1.32) 0.48/5.64(1.40) 0.01/184.22(12.89) 0.35/354.50(13.36) 三叠系 2 015 0.93/144.49(10.83) 0.14/37.58(5.53) 0.003/101.16(1.27) 0.20/10.65(1.21) 0.02/142.15(5.59) 0.12/530.92(21.84) 二叠系 813 0.94/236.83(25.90) 0.14/96.92(11.23) 0.005/55.71(2.52) 0.13/9.80(1.05) 0.007/188.59(7.27) 0.13/658.50(33.77) 石炭系 404 0.92/139.03(18.60) 0.14/43.33(9.18) 0.005/48.79(1.92) 0.22/5.31(1.00) 0.003/191.14(6.94) 0.37/1715.62(82.19) 注：表中数据意义为：最小值/最大值(平均值)。 
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