Discovery and geochemical characteristics of Chang 7 source rocks from the eastern margin of a Triassic lacustrine basin in the Ordos Basin
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摘要: 以往对鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系主力烃源岩的研究主要集中于盆地内部的湖盆中心及其周围地区,对湖盆“边缘”特别是东缘地区的烃源岩则鲜有研究。为弥补以往研究的空白,解决鄂尔多斯盆地东缘三叠系是否发育有效烃源岩这一问题,选择七里村油田为研究区,通过岩心观察、测井曲线特征分析、地化测试分析等手段,对该油田三叠系长7段烃源岩特征进行了详细研究。七里村油田长7段烃源岩分布范围广,面积超过2 500 km2;可分为黑色泥页岩和暗色泥岩2种类型,平均厚度分别为9.2 m和28.9 m;烃源岩有机质丰度高,黑色泥页岩TOC含量平均为2.73%,可达到“最好”烃源岩标准,暗色泥岩TOC含量平均为1.98%,达到“中等—好”烃源岩标准;有机质类型总体为Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型,以生油为主;多项成熟度参数表明黑色泥页岩和暗色泥岩成熟度无明显差别,均已达到成熟,处于主要生油阶段。根据烃源岩生物标志化合物特征,分析其沉积环境为陆相淡水还原环境,且黑色泥页岩所处沉积环境还原性比暗色泥岩更强;烃源岩母质来源主要为低等水生生物,其次为陆源高等植物;暗色泥岩较黑色泥页岩有更多陆源高等植物的贡献。综合分析认为,鄂尔多斯盆地东缘七里村油田长7段烃源岩是本地区油藏的主力烃源岩,而且优质烃源岩的发现表明本区长7段页岩油和致密油也具有良好勘探前景。Abstract: Previous studies of source rocks in the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin were mainly focused on the inner part of the basin, especially on the depocenter and its surrounding areas. Few investigations have been made with regard to source rocks on the "margin" of the lacustrine basin, particularly on the eastern margin. In order to make up for the limitations of previous work and determine whether effective source rocks are developed on the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, we chose the Qilicun Oilfield in Yanchang County as our study area. The characteristics of the Chang 7 source rocks from the Qilicun Oilfield were studied through core observations, logging curve analyses and geochemical tests. The Chang 7 source rocks in the Qilicun Oilfield were widespread, with an area of over 2 500 km2. They were subdivided into two types: black shale and dark mudstone, averaging 9.2 m and 28.9 m thick, respectively. The average TOC content of the black shale is 2.73%, which is in accordance with the "best" source rock standard. The average TOC content of the dark mudstone is 1.98%, which falls into the "good" source rock category. The organic matter is of types Ⅰ-Ⅱ1, mainly generating oils. Maturity parameters show that there is no significant difference between the black shale and the dark mudstone, and both have entered the main oil generation stage. Biomarker analyses indicate that the Chang 7 source rocks were deposited in continental fresh water in a reducing environment. The black shale depositional environment was more reducing than that of the dark mudstone. The source organic matter is mainly derived from lower ranked aquatic organisms, with some higher land plants. Compared with the black shale, the dark mudstone has more contribution from terrestrial higher plants. The Chang 7 source rocks from the Qilicun Oilfield on the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin is the major source rock for hydrocarbon accumulation in this area. Moreover, the discovery of good quality source rocks suggests that the Chang 7 section on the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin such as the Qilicun field has significant potential for shale oil/tight oil exploration.
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Key words:
- source rock /
- geochemical characteristics /
- Yanchang Formation /
- Qilicun Oilfield /
- Ordos Basin
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地长7烃源岩分布及沉积环境与研究区分布位置
据参考文献[6]修改。
Figure 1. Distribution and deposition environment of Chang 7 source rocks and location of study area, Ordos Basin
表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地七里村油田长7烃源岩干酪根有机显微组分、类型指数及各族组成稳定碳同位素分布
Table 1. Organic microscopic composition and types of kerogen, and stable carbon isotopes of each composition of Chang 7 source rocks in Qilicun Oilfield, Ordos Basin
井名 深度/m 层位 岩性 腐泥组/% 壳质组/% 镜质组/% 惰性组/% 类型指数 类型 δ13C/‰ 干酪根 饱和烃 芳香烃 非烃 沥青质 DT016 442.0 长72 泥岩 61.3 0 38.0 0.7 32.1 Ⅱ2 -29.45 -33.25 -32.88 -30.18 -30.66 454.2 长73 泥页岩 61.0 0 38.7 0.3 31.7 Ⅱ2 -29.58 -33.77 -32.94 -30.90 -31.03 456.5 长73 泥页岩 57.3 0 36.7 0.3 25.3 Ⅱ2 -28.30 -32.60 -32.26 -29.58 -29.45 462.0 长73 泥岩 54.7 0 45.0 0.3 20.7 Ⅱ2 -29.27 -32.48 -32.60 -30.20 -29.89 Z085 522.8 长72 泥岩 62.3 0 37.7 0 34.0 Ⅱ2 -29.46 -32.49 -29.97 -29.39 -28.36 524.7 长72 泥岩 58.0 0 42.0 0 26.5 Ⅱ2 -29.56 -32.15 -29.92 -29.82 -29.57 526.4 长72 泥岩 56.3 0 43.7 0 23.5 Ⅱ2 -30.48 -33.27 -30.48 -29.83 -29.59 527.6 长72 泥岩 43.7 0 56.3 0 1.5 Ⅱ2 -29.54 -33.21 -30.27 -29.47 -29.57 530.2 长72 泥岩 58.0 0 42.0 0 26.5 Ⅱ2 -30.26 -31.50 -28.08 -28.14 -28.31 533.9 长73 泥页岩 64.0 0 35.7 0.3 36.9 Ⅱ2 -30.02 -32.73 -32.97 -30.90 -30.76 535.0 长73 泥页岩 57.3 0 42.3 0.3 25.3 Ⅱ2 -29.20 -33.50 -32.85 -30.28 -30.63 537.7 长73 泥页岩 62.0 0 37.7 0.3 33.4 Ⅱ2 -29.71 -32.94 -32.77 -30.63 -31.12 540.9 长73 泥页岩 65.7 0 34.3 0 40.0 Ⅱ1 -31.86 -32.31 -32.50 -30.64 -31.12 543.2 长73 泥页岩 69.0 0 31.0 0 45.8 Ⅱ1 -29.55 -31.08 -30.84 -29.72 -29.88 546.7 长73 泥岩 64.7 0 35.3 0 38.2 Ⅱ2 -28.84 -30.96 -30.59 -29.73 -29.36 554.8 长73 泥岩 63.7 0 36.3 0 36.5 Ⅱ2 -27.78 -29.80 -28.31 -28.29 -27.48 表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地七里村油田长7烃源岩饱和烃色谱及主要生物标志化合物特征
Table 2. Saturated hydrocarbon chromatography and main biomarker compound characteristics of Chang 7 source rocks in Qilicun Oilfield, Ordos Basin
井名 深度/m 层位 岩性 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N DT016 442.0 长72 泥岩 1.95 0.25 0.11 1.82 0.76 1.05 0.95 C20 6.17 0.32 0.51 0.38 0.39 0.40 454.2 长73 泥页岩 1.76 0.21 0.11 1.76 0.84 1.04 1.05 C19 3.12 0.32 0.52 0.60 0.51 0.46 456.5 长73 泥页岩 1.67 0.42 0.2 1.22 0.53 1.04 1.09 C19 4.00 0.15 0.57 0.50 0.59 0.42 462.0 长73 泥岩 1.96 0.38 0.16 1.53 0.67 1.05 1.01 C19 3.64 0.28 0.54 0.55 0.53 0.45 Z085 522.8 长72 泥岩 0.65 0.36 0.32 2.81 0.56 1.26 1.47 C23 2.96 0.19 0.51 0.61 0.60 0.46 524.7 长72 泥岩 1.61 0.36 0.18 2.11 0.84 1.08 1.14 C20 0.71 0.11 0.53 0.11 0.16 0.43 526.4 长72 泥岩 2.18 0.47 0.17 1.9 0.78 1.05 1.10 C19 7.23 0.23 0.49 0.60 0.50 0.64 527.6 长72 泥岩 1.77 0.34 0.15 1.78 0.65 1.03 1.10 C21 3.77 0.18 0.53 0.48 0.65 0.33 530.2 长72 泥岩 1.42 0.67 0.28 3.49 0.85 1.08 1.14 C19 5.12 0.12 0.53 0.35 0.43 0.21 533.9 长73 泥页岩 1.66 0.20 0.11 1.94 0.88 1.06 1.09 C19 0.77 0.08 0.57 0.40 0.64 0.45 535.0 长73 泥页岩 1.25 0.17 0.10 2.16 1.06 1.07 1.11 C19 6.35 0.24 0.47 0.63 0.55 0.50 537.7 长73 泥页岩 1.74 0.21 0.11 1.84 0.77 1.07 1.11 C19 6.65 0.22 0.48 0.61 0.61 0.45 540.9 长73 泥页岩 1.83 0.24 0.12 1.48 0.73 1.07 1.07 C19 5.49 0.23 0.48 0.50 0.28 0.55 543.2 长73 泥页岩 1.92 0.30 0.13 2.07 0.85 1.02 1.10 C19 3.39 0.28 0.48 0.62 0.62 0.46 546.7 长73 泥岩 1.82 0.29 0.14 1.73 0.81 1.06 0.96 C19 5.12 0.26 0.49 0.68 0.68 0.38 554.8 长73 泥岩 2.82 1.41 0.34 2.98 1 1.05 1.09 C19 0.60 0.07 0.55 0.48 0.50 0.59 平均值 1.77 0.39 0.17 2.04 0.79 1.07 1.10 4.07 0.20 0.52 0.51 0.52 0.45 注:A.Pr/Ph;B.Pr/nC17;C.Ph/nC18;D.(C21+C22)/(C28+C29);E.∑C21-/∑C22+;F.OEP;G.CPI;H.主峰碳数;I.Ts/Tm;J.伽马蜡烷指数;K.C31藿烷22S/(22S+22R);L.重排甾烷/规则甾烷;M.αααC29甾烷20S/(20S+20R);N.C29甾烷ββ/(ββ+αα)。 -
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