Development characteristics and formation mechanism of ultra-deep carbonate fault-dissolution body in Shunbei area, Tarim Basin
-
摘要: 走滑断裂带作为一个空间地质体，具备物理-化学机制下的增容作用，可以在断裂带内部形成独特的缝洞系统及伴生孔洞、孔隙空间，塔里木盆地顺北地区发育超深碳酸盐岩断溶体相关的缝洞系统，其储集体与断裂带活动关系密切。以顺北地区走滑断裂带为研究对象，综合近年来对走滑断裂带解析及勘探实践认识，分析走滑断裂带内部结构，探讨断溶体（储集体）发育特征及成因。其断溶体空间展布明显受到走滑断裂带边界的约束，储集体的外在轮廓主要受断裂带控制，宽度相对窄，纵向发育深度大。其储集空间主要由多期走滑构造破裂作用与断裂带内物质体积调整形成的“空腔”型洞穴和缝网系统组成，并经历了多类型流体的溶蚀-胶结作用叠加改造，形成了在断裂带内沿着断层发育的裂缝-洞穴系统，并伴生发育溶蚀孔洞与各类孔隙空间，导致断溶体内部储集体结构复杂化。根据断裂带内部流体参与程度和流体类型不同，可以细分出3种成因机制的端元模型：断容型、岩溶型和热溶型。断溶体的形成机制可以是其中的一种，也可以是2种或3种类型的组合。断溶体与岩溶缝洞储层最本质的差异在于，前者缝洞系统的构成和储集规模的形成与断裂活动关系密切，后者则主要取决于水-岩作用的方式和所能带走的物质体积总和。Abstract: As a spatial geological body, a strike-slip fault zone has a physically and chemically controlled compart- mentalization effect, which can form a unique fracture-cavity system with associated pore spaces inside the fault zone. A fracture-cavity system related to ultra-deep carbonate "fault-dissolution body" developed in Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin, and its "fault-dissolution body" reservoir is closely related to fault activities. The Shunbei strike-slip fault zone was studied with previous analyses and practices. The inner structure of the strike -slip fault zone was discussed, and the origin and characteristics of "fault-dissolution body" were analyzed. The spatial distribution of the "fault-dissolution body" reservoir is constrained by the boundary of the strike-slip fault. The external contour of the reservoir is mainly controlled by the fault zone, and the width is narrow while the depth is large. The reservoir space is mainly composed of "cavity" type caverns and a seam network formed by multi-stage structural rupture, and has undergone erosion and cementation via multiple types of fluids, forming dissolution holes and various pore spaces along the fracture system, and it leads to the complexity of the internal reservoir structure of fault- dissolution body. According to the dynamic changes of fluid participation and fluid properties in the fault zone, three genetic mechanisms can be identified: fault-capacity, karst and hydrothermal fluid erosion. The formation mechanism of the "fault-dissolution body" may be one of them, or a combination of two or three types. The most essential difference between "fault-dissolution body" and karst cave reservoir is that the composition of the former fracture-cavity system and the formation of reservoir scale are closely related to the fault activity, while the latter depends mainly on the water-rock interaction and the total matter volume removed.
-
Key words:
- formation mechanism /
- fault-dissolved body /
- strike-slip fault zone /
- carbonate rock /
- Shunbei area /
- Tarim Basin
-
图 1 塔里木盆地北部构造单元划分及断裂分布
Figure 1. Tectonic units and major faults in northern Tarim Basin
图 2 走滑断层内部结构的两种结构类型
Figure 2. Two structural types of internal structure of strike-slip fault
图 3 塔里木盆地顺北A井区走滑断层内部结构模式
Figure 3. Internal structure mode of strike-slip fault in Shunbei A well area, Tarim Basin
图 4 走滑断层内部“核—带”成储机制模式
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of "core-band" reservoir formation mechanism in strike-slip fault
图 5 走滑断层内部“脱空”成储机制模式
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of "eroded" reservoir formation mechanism in strike-slip fault
图 6 塔北—塔中地区成岩流体类型与溶蚀模式
Figure 6. Types of diagenetic fluid and dissolution model in northern and central Tarim area
-
[1] 焦方正. 塔里木盆地顺北特深碳酸盐岩断溶体油气藏发现意义与前景[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39(2): 207-216. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201802002.htmJIAO Fangzheng. Significance and prospect of ultra-deep carbonate fault-karst reservoirs in Shunbei area, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39(2): 207-216. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201802002.htm [2] 漆立新. 塔里木盆地顺北超深断溶体油藏特征与启示[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(1): 102-111. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KTSY202001010.htmQI Lixin. Characteristics and inspiration of ultra-deep fault-karst reservoir in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(1): 102-111. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KTSY202001010.htm [3] БЕЛКИН В И, МЕДВЕДСКИЙ Р И, ZHU Qihuang. Vein type oil and gas trap[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 1989, 8(2): 83-88. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXW202302013.htm [4] CHESTER F M, EVANS J P, BIEGEL R L. Internal structure and weakening Mechanisms of the San Andreas fault[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1993, 98(B1): 771-786. doi: 10.1029/92JB01866 [5] 罗群, 黄捍东, 庞雄奇, 等. 自然界可能存在的断层体圈闭[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2004, 31(3): 148-150. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200403041.htmLUO Qun, HUANG Handong, PANG Xiongqi, et al. A kind of possible natural fault petroleum trap[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2004, 31(3): 148-150. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200403041.htm [6] 鲁新便, 胡文革, 汪彦, 等. 塔河地区碳酸盐岩断溶体油藏特征与开发实践[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2015, 36(3): 347-355.LU Xinbian, HU Wenge, WANG Yan, et al. Characteristics and development practice of fault-karst carbonate reservoirs in Tahe area, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(3): 347-355. [7] 鲁新便, 杨敏, 汪彦, 等. 塔里木盆地北部"层控"与"断控"型油藏特征: 以塔河油田奥陶系油藏为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2018, 40(4): 461-469. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201804461LU Xinbian, YANG Min, WANG Yan, el al. Geological characteristics of 'strata-bound' and 'fault-controlled' reservoirs in the northern Tarim Basin: taking the Ordovician reservoirs in the Tahe Oil Field as an example[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2018, 40(4): 461-469. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201804461 [8] 文山师, 李海英, 洪才均, 等. 顺北油田断溶体储层地震响应特征及描述技术[J]. 断块油气田, 2020, 27(1): 45-49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202001010.htmWEN Shanshi, LI Haiying, HONG Caijun, et al. Technology of seismic response characteristics and description of fault-karst reservoir in Shunbei Oilfield[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2020, 27(1): 45-49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202001010.htm [9] 程洪, 汪彦, 鲁新便. 塔河地区深层碳酸盐岩断溶体圈闭类型及特征[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(3): 301-309. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB202003007.htmCHENG Hong, WANG Yan, LU Xinbian. Classifications and characteristics of deep carbonate fault-karst trap in Tahe area[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(3): 301-309. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB202003007.htm [10] 赵锐, 赵腾, 李慧莉, 等. 塔里木盆地顺北油气田断控缝洞型储层特征与主控因素[J]. 特种油气藏, 2019, 26(5): 8-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ201905002.htmZHAO Rui, ZHAO Teng, LI Huili, et al. Fault-controlled fracture-cavity reservoir characterization and main-controlling factors in the Shunbei hydrocarbon field of Tarim Basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2019, 26(5): 8-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ201905002.htm [11] 王斌, 赵永强, 何生, 等. 塔里木盆地顺北5号断裂带北段奥陶系油气成藏期次及其控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 965-974. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT202005008.htmWANG Bin, ZHAO Yongqiang, HE Sheng, et al. Hydrocarbon accumulation stages and their controlling factors in the northern Ordovician Shunbei 5 fault zone, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(5): 965-974. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT202005008.htm [12] 马永生, 何治亮, 赵培荣, 等. 深层—超深层碳酸盐岩储层形成机理新进展[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(12): 1415-1425. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201912017.htmMA Yongsheng, HE Zhiliang, ZHAO Peirong, et al. A new progress in formation mechanism of deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoir[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(12): 1415-1425. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201912017.htm [13] 李映涛, 漆立新, 张哨楠, 等. 塔里木盆地顺北地区中—下奥陶统断溶体储层特征及发育模式[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(12): 1470-1484. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201912005.htmLI Yingtao, QI Lixin, ZHANG Shaonan, et al. Characteristics and development mode of the middle and lower Ordovician fault-karst reservoir in Shunbei area, Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(12): 1470-1484. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201912005.htm [14] 曲占庆, 林强, 郭天魁, 等. 顺北油田碳酸盐岩酸蚀裂缝导流能力实验研究[J]. 断块油气田, 2019, 26(4): 533-536. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT201904027.htmQU Zhanqing, LIN Qiang, GUO Tiankui, et al. Experimental study on acid fracture conductivity of carbonate rock in Shunbei Oilfield[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2019, 26(4): 533-536. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT201904027.htm [15] 韩俊, 曹自成, 邱华标, 等. 塔中北斜坡奥陶系走滑断裂带与岩溶储集体发育模式[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2016, 37(2): 145-151. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD201602005.htmHAN Jun, CAO Zicheng, QIU Huabiao, et al. Model for strike-slip fault zones and karst reservoir development of Ordovician in northern slope of Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2016, 37(2): 145-151. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD201602005.htm [16] 李映涛, 叶宁, 袁晓宇, 等. 塔里木盆地顺南4井中硅化热液的地质与地球化学特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2015, 36(6): 934-945. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201506010.htmLI Yingtao, YE Ning, YUAN Xiaoyu, et al. Geological and geoche-mical characteristics of silicified hydrothermal fluids in well Shunnan 4, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(6): 934-945. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201506010.htm [17] YOU Donghua, HAN Jun, HU Wenxuan, et al. Characteristics and formation mechanisms of silicified carbonate reservoirs in well SN4 of the Tarim Basin[J]. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 2018, 36(4): 820-849. [18] 黄诚. 叠合盆地内部小尺度走滑断裂幕式活动特征及期次判别: 以塔里木盆地顺北地区为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2019, 41(3): 379-389. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201903379HUANG Cheng. Multi-stage activity characteristics of small-scale strike-slip faults in superimposed basin and its identification method: a case study of Shunbei area, Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 2019, 41(3): 379-389. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201903379 [19] 郑晓丽, 安海亭, 王祖君, 等. 哈拉哈塘地区走滑断裂与断溶体油藏特征[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2019, 40(4): 449-455. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD201904008.htmZHENG Xiaoli, AN Haiting, WANG Zujun, et al. Characteristics of strike-slip faults and fault-karst carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang area, Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2019, 40(4): 449-455. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD201904008.htm -
下载:
图(7)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1080
- HTML全文浏览量: 201
- PDF下载量: 165
- 被引次数: 0
苏公网安备32021102000780号