龙门山中北段构造变形特征新认识——对多层次滑脱变形的指示意义

邓棚; 方成名; 邓铭哲; 赵利

doi:10.11781/sysydz202101045

龙门山中北段构造变形特征新认识——对多层次滑脱变形的指示意义

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202101045

邓棚^{1, 2,},
方成名¹,
邓铭哲¹,
赵利³

1.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126
2.
浙江大学地球科学学院, 杭州 310027
3.
山东农业大学资源与环境学院, 山东泰安 271018

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目 U19B6003-01

国家油气重大专项 2017ZX05005001-004

山东省自然科学基金项目 ZR201807080108

详细信息

作者简介:
邓棚(1990-), 男, 博士, 助理研究员, 从事盆地构造分析研究。E-mail: dengpeng_003@163.com

中图分类号: TE121.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 600
- HTML全文浏览量: 165
- PDF下载量: 88
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-16
- 修回日期: 2020-09-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-28

New insights into structural characteristics in central-northern Longmen Mountains: implications for multiple-decollement deformation

1.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
2.
School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
3.
College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China

摘要

摘要: 龙门山中北段处于中段与北段过渡转换位置，前期的构造变形特征研究相对薄弱。基于重新处理的二维地震长线资料，综合运用野外基础地质观测、钻井结构分析和构造解析等手段方法，系统厘定了龙门山中北段构造变形特征。龙门山中北段厚皮带一侧变形层次深，以韧性变形为主，表现为一系列紧闭倒转向斜和背斜组合样式；过渡Ⅰ带发育多条逆冲断裂呈叠瓦状冲断至地表，主干断裂下盘三叠系软弱层中通常派生次级平缓断裂，控制着内部叠瓦状不对称断层传播褶皱的发育；过渡Ⅱ带整体为山前隐伏带，发育1号隐伏断裂及其上盘强烈变形的叠瓦状逆冲构造和下盘弱挤压褶皱变形的原地体等。高角度逆冲主干断裂下盘的相对软弱层中通常派生发育次级平缓断裂，两者构成倒“γ”型变形样式。综合变形特征和成因机制分析认为，叠瓦状和倒“γ”型复合冲断样式构成研究区基本冲断变形样式，其形成受控于龙门山地区由深到浅、自后缘向前缘的多层次滑脱变形。
- 构造特征 /
- 构造样式 /
- 多层滑脱变形 /
- 龙门山中北段
Abstract: The central-northern segment of the Longmen Mountains is located in the transfer zone, for which the structural characteristics are little studied. Based on the reprocessed two-dimensional seismic data, this work used methods such as field geological investigation, drilling analysis and structural interpretation to comprehensively study the structural characteristics in the central-northern segment of the Longmen Mountains. The thick belt is characterized by deep and ductile deformation and shows the combination styles of a series of tight anticlines and synclines. The transition belt I developed many imbricate faults which cut to the ground surface. The main faults in the transition belt I derived many secondary gently dipping faults in the footwall, which controlled the development of the relative fault-propagation folds. The transition belt Ⅱ is a buried structure that includes the No.1 fault. The intense imbricate thrust structures occurred in its hanging wall and the autochthonous structure with weak fold deformation developed in its footwall. This study provides new insight that the high-angle thrust faults commonly derive secondary gently dipping faults in the footwall, and both of them formed the falling-γ type of the structure style. According to the analysis of the structure characteristics and mechanism origin, it is suggested that the composite structure styles combining the imbricate and falling-γ type are the basic structure styles in the study area, which is controlled by the multiple-decollement deformation from the deep layer to the shallow layer as well as from the trailing edge to the leading edge.
- structural characteristics /
- structural style /
- multiple-decollement deformation /
- central-northern segment of Longmen Mountains

HTML全文

图 1 龙门山冲断带构造略图

据文献[22]修改。

Figure 1. Structural sketch map of Longmen Mountains thrust belt

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 龙门山中北段研究区地质特征、地表实测剖面和二维测线剖面

图 2a位置见图 1a。

Figure 2. Geologic features, measured geological section and 2D seismic maps of central-northern segment in Longmen Mountains

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 龙门山中北段测线剖面北川—映秀断裂地震反射特征

剖面位置见图 2c的黑色虚线框。

Figure 3. Reprocessed 2D seismic profile of Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault in central-northern segment of Longmen Mountains

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 龙门山中北段擂鼓镇断裂及其下盘构造变形特征

Figure 4. Structural characteristics of Leiguzhen Fault and its footwall in central-northern segment of Longmen Mountains

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 龙门山中北段黄连桥断裂及其下盘构造变形特征

Figure 5. Structural characteristics of Huanglianqiao Fault and its footwall in central-northern segment of Longmen Mountains

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 龙门山中北段楠木园断裂下盘出露的水平滑脱断裂及内部韧性剪切变形

Figure 6. Decollement fault and ductile shear deformation developed in footwall of Nanmuyuan Fault, central-northern segment of Longmen Mountains

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 龙门山中北段川29井和川36井地层结构示意

Figure 7. Architecture sketch map of wells Chuan 29 and Chuan 36, central-northern segment of Longmen Mountains

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 龙门山中北段构造变形模式示意

据文献[22, 36]修改。

Figure 8. Tectonic deformation model in central-northern segment of Longmen Mountains

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(39)

[1]	徐旭辉, 方成名, 刘金连, 等. 中国中西部山前构造变形结构分带模式与油气[J]. 石油实验地质, 2019, 41(6): 779-790. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201906779 XU Xuhui, FANG Chengming, LIU Jinlian, et al. Deformation zoning model of piedmont thrust, western China, and its petroleum response[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2019, 41(6): 779-790. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201906779
[2]	方成名, 赵利. 复合陆内山前冲断构造转换类型及其成因[J]. 石油实验地质, 2019, 41(6): 791-799. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201906779 FANG Chengming, ZHAO Li. Compound intracontinental piedmont thrust structure transformation and its formation mechanisms[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2019, 41(6): 791-799. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201906779
[3]	林茂炳, 吴山. 龙门山推覆构造变形特征[J]. 成都地质学院学报, 1991, 18(1): 46-55. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG199101009.htm LIN Maobing, WU Shan. Deformational features of nappe structures in the Longmenshan Mountains[J]. Journal of Chengdu College of Geology, 1991, 18(1): 46-55. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG199101009.htm
[4]	贾东, 陈竹新, 贾承造, 等. 龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带构造解析与川西前陆盆地的发育[J]. 高校地质学报, 2003, 9(3): 402-410. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GXDX200303010.htm JIA Dong, CHEN Zhuxin, JIA Chengzao, et al. Structural features of the Longmen Shan fold and thrust belt and development of the western Sichuan Foreland Basin, Central China[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2003, 9(3): 402-410. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GXDX200303010.htm
[5]	金文正, 汤良杰, 杨克明, 等. 龙门山冲断带构造特征研究主要进展及存在问题探讨[J]. 地质论评, 2008, 54(1): 37-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP200801006.htm JIN Wenzheng, TANG Liangjie, YANG Keming, et al. Progress and problem of study on characters of the Longmen Mountain thrust belt[J]. Geological Review, 2008, 54(1): 37-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP200801006.htm
[6]	孙晓猛, 杜继宇, 单玄龙, 等. 龙门山冲断带北段前山带构造分带性及山前带变形特征[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2010, 40(6): 1323-1332. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ201006016.htm SUN Xiaomeng, DU Jiyu, SHAN Xuanlong, et al. Tectonic zonation of front range and deformation features of foreland in northern Longmen Mountain thrust zone[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2010, 40(6): 1323-1332. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ201006016.htm
[7]	梁瀚, 肖富森, 冉崎, 等. 四川盆地龙门山前复杂构造带北段精细构造建模及对油气勘探的启示[J]. 天然气工业, 2018, 38(11): 26-32. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201811003.htm LIANG Han, XIAO Fusen, RAN Qi, et al. Accurate structural modeling on the northern section of complex structural belt at Longmenshan piedmont in the Sichuan Basin and its implications for oil and gas exploration[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018, 38(11): 26-32. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201811003.htm
[8]	沈桐, 孟立丰, 陈伟, 等. 龙门山中北段印支晚期构造活动: 来自构造解析及碎屑锆石年代学的证据[J/OL]. 地球科学, 2020(2020-03-02).https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/42.1874.P.20200301.2048.006.html . SHEN Tong, MENG Lifeng, CHEN Wei, et al. Tectonic activities in the middle and north section of Longmenshan thrust belt during Late Indosinian: evidence from structural analysis and detrital zircon geochronology[J/OL]. Earth Science, 2020.https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/42.1874.P.20200301.2048.006.html .
[9]	王二七, 孟庆任, 陈智樑, 等. 龙门山断裂带印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因[J]. 地学前缘, 2001, 8(2): 375-384. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200102029.htm WANG Erqi, MENG Qingren, CHEN Zhiliang, et al. Early Mesozoic left-lateral movement along the Longmen Shan fault belt and its tectonic implications[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2001, 8(2): 375-384. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200102029.htm
[10]	刘树根, 罗志立, 戴苏兰, 等. 龙门山冲断带的隆升和川西前陆盆地的沉降[J]. 地质学报, 1995, 69(3): 204-214. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE199503001.htm LIU Shugen, LUO Zhili, DAI Sulan, et al. The uplift of the Longmenshan thrust belt and subsidence of the western Sichuan Foreland Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1995, 69(3): 204-214. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE199503001.htm
[11]	颜丹平, 李书兵, 曹文涛, 等. 龙门山多层分层拆离地壳结构: 新构造变形与深部构造证据[J]. 地学前缘, 2010, 17(5): 106-116. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201005010.htm YAN Danping, LI Shubing, CAO Wentao, et al. Multi-layer detachment crustal structure in the Longmen Mountains: evidences from neo-tectonic deformation and geophysical data[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2010, 17(5): 106-116. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201005010.htm
[12]	刘和甫, 梁慧社, 蔡立国, 等. 川西龙门山冲断系构造样式与前陆盆地演化[J]. 地质学报, 1994, 68(2): 101-118. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE199402000.htm LIU Hefu, LIANG Huishe, CAI Liguo, et al. Structural styles of the Longmenshan thrust belt and evolution of the foreland basin in western Sichuan province, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1994, 68(2): 101-118. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE199402000.htm
[13]	刘树根, 罗志立, 赵锡奎, 等. 中国西部盆山系统的耦合关系及其动力学模式: 以龙门山造山带-川西前陆盆地系统为例[J]. 地质学报, 2003, 77(2): 177-186. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE200302007.htm LIU Shugen, LUO Zhili, ZHAO Xikui, et al. Coupling relationships of sedimentary basin-orogenic belt systems and their dynamic models in West China: a case study of the Longmenshan orogenic belt-west Sichuan foreland basin system[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2003, 77(2): 177-186. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE200302007.htm
[14]	李英强. 龙门山与四川盆地结合带的地质结构与成因机制[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2018. LI Yingqiang. Geological architecture and formation mechanism of the transitional zone between Longmenshan Mountains and Sichuan Basin[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2018.
[15]	李智武, 刘树根, 陈洪德, 等. 龙门山冲断带分段-分带性构造格局及其差异变形特征[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 35(4): 440-454. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG200804014.htm LI Zhiwu, LIU Shugen, CHEN Hongde, et al. Structural segmentation and zonation and differential deformation across and along the Lomgmen thrust belt, West Sichuan, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2008, 35(4): 440-454. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG200804014.htm
[16]	罗志立. 龙门山造山带岩石圈演化的动力学模式[J]. 成都地质学院学报, 1991, 18(1): 1-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG199101000.htm LUO Zhili. The dynamical model of the lithospheric evolution in Longmenshan orogenic belt[J]. Journal of Chengdu College of Geology, 1991, 18(1): 1-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG199101000.htm
[17]	罗志立, 龙学明. 龙门山造山带崛起和川西陆前盆地沉降[J]. 四川地质学报, 1992, 12(1): 1-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCDB199201000.htm LUO Zhili, LONG Xueming. The uplifting of the Longmenshan oroge-nic zone and the subsidence of the West Sichuan Foreland Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan, 1992, 12(1): 1-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCDB199201000.htm
[18]	郭正吾, 邓康龄, 韩永辉. 四川盆地形成与演化[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1996. GUO Zhengwu, DENG Kangling, HAN Yonghui. The formation and development of Sichuan Basin[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1996.
[19]	贾承造, 李本亮, 张兴阳, 等. 中国海相盆地的形成与演化[J]. 科学通报, 2007, 52(S1): 1-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB2007S1001.htm JIA Chengzao, LI Benliang, ZHANG Xingyang, et al. Formation and evolution of the Chinese marine basins[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2007, 52(1): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB2007S1001.htm
[20]	JIN Wenzheng, TANG Liangjie, YANG Keming, et al. Transfer zones within the Longmen Mountains thrust belt, SW China[J]. Geosciences Journal, 2009, 13(1): 1-14.
[21]	JIN Wenzheng, TANG Liangjie, YANG Keming, et al. Segmentation of the Longmen Mountains thrust belt, Western Sichuan Foreland Basin, SW China[J]. Tectonophysics, 2010, 485(1/4): 107-121.
[22]	汤良杰, 杨克明, 金文正, 等. 龙门山冲断带多层次滑脱带与滑脱构造变形[J]. 中国科学(D辑地球科学), 2008, 38(S1): 30-40. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK2008S1004.htm TANG Liangjie, YANG Keming, JIN Wenzheng, et al. Multi-level decollement zones and detachment deformation of Longmenshan thrust belt, Sichuan Basin, southwest China[J]. Science in China (Series D Earth Sciences), 2008, 51(2): 32-43. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK2008S1004.htm
[23]	金文正, 汤良杰, 杨克明, 等. 川西龙门山褶皱冲断带分带性变形特征[J]. 地质学报, 2007, 81(8): 1072-1080. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE200708007.htm JIN Wenzheng, TANG Liangjie, YANG Keming, et al. Deformation and zonation of the Longmenshan fold and thrust zone in the western Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2007, 81(8): 1072-1080. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE200708007.htm
[24]	熊连桥, 姚根顺, 熊绍云, 等. 基于平衡剖面对断裂带地层展布恢复的方法: 以川西地区中泥盆统观雾山组为例[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2019, 43(6): 1079-1093. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGYK201906001.htm XIONG Lianqiao, YAO Genshun, XIONG Shaoyun, et al. A method of stratum restoration for fault belt based on balanced cross-section: a case study of the middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation in the Longmenshan area, western Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2019, 43(6): 1079-1093. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGYK201906001.htm
[25]	于福生, 张芳峰, 杨长清, 等. 龙门山前缘关口断裂典型构造剖面的物理模拟实验及其变形主控因素研究[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2010, 34(2): 147-158. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGYK201002002.htm YU Fusheng, ZHANG Fangfeng, YANG Changqing, et al. Physical simulation and major deformation-controlling factors of typical structural sections for Guankou fault in the front of Longmen Mountains[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2010, 34(2): 147-158. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGYK201002002.htm
[26]	杨跃明, 陈聪, 文龙, 等. 四川盆地龙门山北段隐伏构造带特征及其油气勘探意义[J]. 天然气工业, 2018, 38(8): 8-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201808004.htm YANG Yueming, CHEN Cong, WEN Long, et al. Characteristics of buried structures in the northern Longmenshan Mountains and its significance to oil and gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018, 38(8): 8-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201808004.htm
[27]	方成名. 中西部典型山前带冲断结构模式与油气分布[D]. 武汉: 中国地质大学(武汉), 2018. FANG Chengming. Study on the pattern of thrust structure and oil & gas distribution in the typical piedmont thrust belt in the central and western China[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 2018.
[28]	王金琪. 安县构造运动[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 1990, 11(3): 223-234. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT199003000.htm WANG Jinqi. Anxian tectonic movement[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1990, 11(3): 223-234. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT199003000.htm
[29]	王金琪. 再论印支期龙门山的形成和发展[J]. 天然气工业, 2012, 32(1): 12-21. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201201004.htm WANG Jinqi. More discussion on the formation and development of the Longmen Shan thrust-nappe structure in the Indosinian Movement[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2012, 32(1): 12-21. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201201004.htm
[30]	肖富森, 李政文, 张华军, 等. 龙门山构造带北段地震、地质综合解释[J]. 天然气工业, 2005, 25(5): 37-39. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG20050500B.htm XIAO Fusen, LI Zhengwen, ZHANG Huajun, et al. Comprehensive interpretation of seismic and geological data in the north section of Longmen Mountain structural belts[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2005, 25(5): 37-39. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG20050500B.htm
[31]	徐纪人, 赵志新, 石川有三. 中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 2008, 51(3): 770-781. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200803019.htm XU Jiren, ZHAO Zhixin, ISHIKAWA Yuzo. Regional characte-ristics of crustal stress field and tectonic motions in and around Chinese mainland[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2008, 51(3): 770-781. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200803019.htm
[32]	丰成君, 戚帮申, 张鹏, 等. 汶川Ms8.0地震后龙门山断裂带地壳应力场及其构造意义[J]. 地质力学学报, 2018, 24(4): 439-451. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX201804001.htm FENG Chengjun, QI Bangshen, ZHANG Peng, et al. Crustal stress field and its tectonic significance near the Longmenshan fault belt, after the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2018, 24(4): 439-451. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX201804001.htm
[33]	师皓宇, 马念杰, 马骥. 龙门山断裂带形成过程及其地应力状态模拟[J]. 地球物理学报, 2018, 61(5): 1817-1823. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX201805012.htm SHI Haoyu, MA Nianjie, MA Ji. Numerical simulation for the formation process of the Longmenshan fault zone and its crustal stress state[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2018, 61(5): 1817-1823. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX201805012.htm
[34]	侯强, 丁小军, 赵宏, 等. 青藏高原东南缘构造应力场重构[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2019, 39(5): 458-463. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB201905004.htm HOU Qiang, DING Xiaojun, ZHAO Hong, et al. Tectonic stress field reconstruction in southeastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2019, 39(5): 458-463. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB201905004.htm
[35]	王绪本, 余年, 朱迎堂, 等. 龙门山逆冲构造带大地电磁测深初步成果[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 35(4): 398-403. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG200804008.htm WANG Xuben, YU Nian, ZHU Yingtang, et al. Preliminary result of magnetotelluric sounding in the Longmen thrust belt of West Sichuan, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2008, 35(4): 398-403. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG200804008.htm
[36]	滕吉文, 阮小敏, 张永谦, 等. 青藏高原地壳与上地幔成层速度结构与深部层间物质的运移轨迹[J]. 岩石学报, 2012, 28(12): 4077-4100. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201212022.htm TENG Jiwen, RUAN Xiaomin, ZHANG Yongqian, et al. The stratificational velocity structure of crust and covering strata of upper mantle and the orbit of deep interaquifer substance locus of movement for Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012, 28(12): 4077-4100. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201212022.htm
[37]	GUO Xiaoyu, GAO Rui, KELLER G R, et al. Imaging the crustal structure beneath the eastern Tibetan Plateau and implications for the uplift of the Longmen Shan range[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2013, 379: 72-80.
[38]	WANG Xuben, ZHANG Gang, FANG Hui, et al. Crust and upper mantle resistivity structure at middle section of Longmenshan, eastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Tectonophysics, 2014, 619-620: 143-148.
[39]	LIU Qiyuan, VAN DER HILST R D, LI Yu, et al. Eastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau by crustal flow and strain partitioning across faults[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2014, 7(5): 361-365.