Controlled reserve upgrade standard for middle-deep low permeability glutenite reservoirs in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 近年来，砂砾岩油藏作为重要勘探对象，在多个含油气盆地中获得重大突破。截至2019年底，渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷保有的中深层低渗控制储量占到中国石化低渗储量的15%。但受控于升级标准缺乏及主控因素不清等因素，这些控制储量哪些可以升级，目前尚未形成系统的升级标准。通过已升级储量的状况分析，结合低渗砂砾岩油藏探明储量特点，明确了储层有效性、产能及经济性是影响控制储量升级的主要因素，并分别优选了表征参数。重点研究了合理的初期产量和递减率确定方法。建立了不同地质条件、不同油价下的中深层低渗砂砾岩油藏控制储量升级为探明储量的两级标准：一级为不同埋深、不同渗透率的储层有效性下限标准(包括地下原油黏度、有效厚度、有效孔隙度和含油饱和度等参数)；二级为不同井深、不同油价下的单井产能和经济可采储量下限标准，为济阳坳陷中深层低渗砂砾岩油藏储量升级潜力评价提供了依据。通过未升级控制储量区块的实例分析，筛选出的升级潜力区块与区块后续的升级效果基本吻合，验证了上述升级标准的可靠性与合理性。Abstract: Glutenite reservoirs are one of the major targets for petroleum exploration, and some important breakthroughs have been made in many oil-bearing basins in recent years. Through 2019 glutenite reservoirs in the Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin accounted for 15% of the total low permeability controlled reserves of SINOPEC. However, due to the lack of upgrade standards and the unclear main control factors, which of these controlled reserves can be upgraded is also unclear. Based on the status analysis of upgraded reserves and the characteristics of proved reserves in low permeability glutenite reservoirs, it is suggested that reservoir effectiveness, productivity and economy are the main factors that influence the controlled reserve upgrade. The key parameters for characterizing and controlling reserve upgrading were determined, and the methods for determining rational production and decline rate were studied in detail. A two-level standard for the upgrading of controlled reserves in low permeabilityglutenite reservoirs was established under different geological conditions and oil prices. First, the lowest limit for reservoir effectiveness was assessed under different permeability and burial depth, such as in situ crude oil viscosity, effective thickness, effective porosity and oil saturation. Second, the lowest limit for single well productivity and minimum economic recoverable reserves of individual wells under different burial depth and oil price was considered. The results provide a basis to evaluate the upgrading potential of controlled reserves of low permeability glutenites in the middle and deep layers of Jiyang Depression. The selected upgrade potential of a block is basically consistent with the subsequent upgrade effect of that block, which verifies the reliability and rationality of the above upgrade standard.
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图 1 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷低渗透砂砾岩体保有控制储量参数分布
Figure 1. Controlled reserve parameters of low permeability glutenite reservoirs in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 2 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷低渗透砂砾岩油藏储层有效性参数下限图版
Figure 2. Lower limit chart of reservior effectiveness parameters of low permeability glutenite reservoirs in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 3 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷低渗油藏试采初期产量与试油产量关系
Figure 3. Relationship between test production and initial production of low permeability reservoirs in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 4 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷低渗油藏新井日产油曲线
Figure 4. Oil daily production curves of new wells in low permeability reservoirs in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 5 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷低渗透油藏不同井深、不同油价下的经济极限初产示意
Figure 5. Economic limit of initial production of low permeability reservoirs in Jiyang Depression under different well depths and oil prices, Bohai Bay Basin
表 1 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷低渗透砂砾岩储层有效性参数下限
Table 1. Lower limit of reservoir effectiveness parameters of low permeability glutenites in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
油藏类型 油藏埋深/m 有效厚度/m 有效孔隙度/% 含油饱和度/% 地下原油黏度/(mPa·s) 可采储量丰度/(104 m3·km-2) 中深—深层低渗 2 000~3 900 ≥3.5 ≥11 ≥50 ≤20 4.4 中深层特低渗 2 000~3 500 ≥4.5 ≥9 ≥55 ≤5 4.7 中深—深层致密 2 800~3 900 ≥6 ≥7 ≥50 ≤4 4.0 
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表 2 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷低渗砂砾岩控制储量升级下限标准
Table 2. Standard for controlled reserve upgrade of low permeability glutenites in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
油藏埋深/m 折算试油产量/(t·d-1) 单井最小经济可采储量/104 t 40 ＄/bbl 50 ＄/bbl 60 ＄/bbl 70 ＄/bbl 80 ＄/bbl 40 ＄/bbl 50 ＄/bbl 60 ＄/bbl 70 ＄/bbl 80 ＄/bbl 2 000~2 500 16.0 11.0 8.4 6.8 5.8 1.62 0.95 0.73 0.59 0.50 2 500~3 000 17.6 12.2 9.3 7.5 6.4 1.57 1.09 0.83 0.67 0.57 3 000~3 500 20.3 14.0 10.7 8.7 7.3 1.87 1.29 0.99 0.80 0.67 3 500~4 000 21.9 15.1 11.6 9.3 7.9 2.02 1.40 1.06 0.86 0.73 4 000~4 500 23.6 16.3 12.4 10.1 8.5 2.23 1.54 1.18 0.95 0.80
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表 3 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷低渗砂砾岩控制储量升级评价及升级效果分析
Table 3. Evaluation and effect analysis for controlled reserve upgrade of low permeability glutenites in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
油藏类型 区块名称 油藏埋深/m 有效厚度/m 有效孔隙度/% 含油饱和度/% 渗透率/(10-3 μm2) 地层原油黏度/(mPa·s) 储层质量系数 油层产油能力系数 可采储量丰度/(104 m3·km-2) 试油产量/(t·d-1) 平衡油价/($·bbl-1) 已升级年 中深—深层低渗 A1 2 570 11.3 13.8 62.8 41.7 2.04 0.98 20.44 16.45 10.0 60左右 2013 A2 2 799 28.8 11.0 62.1 16.0 12.70 1.97 1.26 31.96 11.1 70左右 A3 2 800 41.0 11.0 64.8 18.1 11.50 2.92 1.57 48.47 12.9 50左右 2019 A4 2 980 9.0 10.2 66.2 18.1 5.12 0.61 3.54 7.74 9.0 60左右 2019 A5 2 985 25.9 12.6 58.0 58.0 29.00 1.89 2.00 29.90 9.0 60左右 A6 3 250 5.5 17.5 61.5 14.3 2.70 0.59 5.30 8.35 8.5 70~80 2015部分升级 A7 3 250 34.2 7.3 58.0 14.3 15.90 1.45 0.90 21.21 8.1 * A8 3 474 5.9 14.6 70.3 15.9 2.31 0.61 6.88 6.04 11.9 60左右 A9 3 660 11.2 5.9 60.0 74.0 1.37 0.40 54.00 3.76 7.4 * A10 3 686 49.0 9.5 63.0 47.0 4.59 2.93 10.24 45.71 24.5 50~60 A11 3 750 23.9 10.5 58.6 60.8 13.40 1.47 4.54 19.84 9.8 * A12 3 793 5.1 14.6 70.3 15.9 3.99 0.52 3.98 3.15 22.6 * A13 3 850 30.8 10.9 61.5 47.0 4.47 2.06 10.51 29.98 43.5 50~60 A14 3 980 9.8 13.0 61.0 10.4 16.00 0.78 0.65 6.82 18.0 * 中深层特低渗 B1 2 250 24.7 11.7 67.2 7.3 4.57 1.94 1.61 33.51 18.7 60~70 B2 2 770 19.9 17.0 61.5 7.2 1.74 2.08 4.14 34.10 24.3 60~70 B3 2 850 9.2 14.4 60.0 6.8 2.90 0.79 2.36 11.31 12.4 * B4 3 062 12.7 7.8 60.2 9.5 17.30 0.60 0.55 7.13 7.8 2019 B5 3 207 11.3 11.5 61.0 7.0 6.39 0.79 1.10 9.91 6.0 80以上 B6 3 350 17.9 13.0 55.0 5.6 1.30 1.28 4.31 18.03 25.9 60左右 B7 3 500 15.0 12.0 55.0 3.6 2.45 0.99 1.48 12.31 6.6 * B8 4 100 14.8 11.4 60.0 5.7 0.40 1.01 14.25 10.96 25.0 * 中深—深层致密 C1 3 222 30.3 8.9 56.2 2.5 3.32 1.52 0.75 22.53 6.0 70~80 C2 3 342 18.7 15.4 60.0 2.4 5.70 1.73 0.43 25.71 4.1 * C3 3 800 50.0 6.0 50.0 0.8 2.45 1.50 0.33 19.99 12.0 * C4 3 800 20.9 9.4 54.8 1.8 2.20 1.08 0.80 12.72 5.2 * C5 3 900 13.2 10.1 58.1 2.8 1.02 0.77 2.76 7.04 6.2 * C6 4 064 40.7 6.4 60.0 2.3 1.00 1.56 2.30 20.13 21.2 * 注：*为有效开发技术；红色字体为不达下限标准的数据。
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