西非下刚果—刚果扇盆地A区块中新统深水水道体系沉积特征及演化

陈华; 林畅松; 张忠民; 张德民; 朱奕璇; 吴高奎; 李茗; 徐海; 郭荣涛

doi:10.11781/sysydz202103476

西非下刚果—刚果扇盆地A区块中新统深水水道体系沉积特征及演化

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202103476

陈华^1,,
林畅松^{1, 2, ,},
张忠民³,
张德民³,
朱奕璇³,
吴高奎³,
李茗³,
徐海³,
郭荣涛³

1.
中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院, 北京 100083
2.
中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院, 北京 100083
3.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 91328201

国家自然科学基金 41902119

国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05004-002

详细信息

作者简介:
陈华(1990-), 女, 博士研究生, 从事沉积学和层序地层学研究。E-mail: Chenhua0630@163.com

通讯作者:
林畅松(1958-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 从事沉积盆地分析研究。E-mail: lincs58@163.com

中图分类号: TE121.3
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- 文章访问数: 836
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-27
- 修回日期: 2021-04-02
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-28

Depositional characteristics and evolution of Miocene deep-water channel systems in block A of Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin, West Africa

1.
School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2.
School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3.
SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China

摘要

摘要: 深水水道体系沉积演化特征及其控制因素研究是揭示大陆边缘“源—汇”过程和取得深水油气勘探突破的关键。下刚果—刚果扇盆地中新统发育有大型深水水道沉积，基于A区块的地震、测井、岩心等资料，利用地震属性分析等手段，阐述了中新统层序地层格架内深水水道体系的沉积特征、演化规律并讨论了其控制因素。区内中新统可划分为4个三级层序（SQ1-SQ4），大体对应于下中新统、中中新统下段、中中新统上段及上中新统。深水水道体系岩性上以砂岩为主，沉积单元包括水道、天然堤—溢岸、末端朵体和块体搬运沉积等。SQ1以发育弱受限—不受限的加积型水道或末端朵体为主，SQ2主要发育弱受限的侵蚀型—加积型水道，SQ3以受限侵蚀型水道的发育为主导，SQ4多见孤立侵蚀型过路水道。构造隆升与剥蚀、冰期气候以及海平面变化等因素，为深水水道的发育提供了充足物源并可能导致了该地区古地貌的坡度变化，从而影响了重力流作用的强弱并控制了深水水道体系的发育和演化，盐构造活动对深水水道的发育具有重要的改向、限制、封堵、迁移或破坏作用。
- 层序地层 /
- 深水水道体系 /
- 沉积演化 /
- 控制因素 /
- 中新统 /
- 下刚果—刚果扇盆地
Abstract: Researches on the depositional characteristics, evolution and constraining factors of deep-water channel systems are the key factors to reveal the "source-sink" process at continental margin and make big breakthroughs in deep-water hydrocarbon exploration. Based on the integrated analyses of seismic, well logging and core data, a sequence stratigraphic framework was established for the Miocene in block A of the Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin, and then the sedimentary characteristics, evolution and constraining factors of the Miocene deep-water channel systems were purposed. The Miocene in the study area was divided into four third-order sequences, including the Lower Miocene (SQ1), the lower part of Middle Miocene (SQ2), the upper part of Middle Miocene (SQ3), and the Upper Miocene (SQ4). The Miocene deep-water channel deposits are dominated by sandstones and include four types of sedimentary units (deep-water channel deposits, levee-overbank, lobes and mass transport deposits). In the SQ1, weakly restricted-unrestricted depositional channels and lobes were formed. In the SQ2, weakly restricted erosional-depositional channels were developed. In the SQ3, erosional channels were dominant. In the SQ4, erosional isolated channels were widely recognized. Tectonic uplift, denudation, glacial climate and sea level change provided abundant sediment supplies for the development of gravity flow deposits. They might lead to the slope change of paleo-geomorphology in the study area, which further affected the strength of gravity flow and controlled the development and evolution of deep-water channel systems. Moreover, salt structures played important roles in redirecting, restricting, blocking, migrating and destroying the deep-water channels.
- sequence stratigraphy /
- deep-water channel systems /
- sedimentary evolution characteristics /
- controlling factors /
- Miocene /
- Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin

HTML全文

图 1 下刚果—刚果扇盆地构造单元划分及研究区A区块位置

Figure 1. Tectonic units of Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin and location of block A

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图 2 下刚果—刚果扇盆地A区块中新统综合柱状图

Figure 2. Stratigraphic column of Miocene in block A, Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin

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图 3 下刚果—刚果扇盆地A区块中新统层序地层划分

Figure 3. Sequence stratigraphic division of Miocene in block A, Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin

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图 4 下刚果—刚果扇盆地A区块中新统深水水道沉积地震剖面特征

TC.重力流水道；TS.浊积席状砂；SDF.泥石流垮塌；PM.深海泥岩；IV.下切谷

Figure 4. Seismic profile of deep-water channel systems of Miocene in block A, Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin

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图 5 下刚果—刚果扇盆地A区块中新统深水水道沉积岩性特征

a.单旋回底部泥砾(mc)，砾石分选磨圆差，呈悬浮状；b.单旋回中部细—中砂岩，局部含泥质碎屑；c.单旋回上部泥岩和粉砂岩互层，下部可见变形层(df)和砂岩侵入体(inj)，向上泥质含量增多；d.可见鲍马序列Tb-Tc-Te段，Tb-Tc段，上部发育泥砾层(mc)

Figure 5. Lithologic characteristics of deep-water channel deposits of Miocene in block A, Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin

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图 6 下刚果—刚果扇盆地A区块中新统重力流沉积构造特征

a.细砂岩内泄水构造(dw，红色箭头所示)；b.泄水构造(dw，红色箭头所示)和倾斜碟状构造(ds，蓝色箭头所示)，此外底部可见倾斜泥砾侵入体(inj，黑色箭头所示)；c.生物扰动构造(bt，黄色箭头所示) 和负载构造(ls，橙色箭头所示)，还可见砂岩侵入体(inj，黑色箭头所示)，纹层状泥岩(lm)，鲍马序列a段(Ta)

Figure 6. Gravity-flow sedimentary structures of Miocene in block A, Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin

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图 7 下刚果—刚果扇盆地A区块单一水道沉积特征及岩心照片

Figure 7. Sedimentary characteristics and core photographs of single channel in block A, Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin

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图 8 下刚果—刚果扇盆地A区块中新统各三级层序(SQ1-SQ4)深水道体系发育和演化特征的RMS地震属性解释

IC.过路侵蚀型孤立水道; RC.受限侵蚀型复合水道; WRC.弱受限侵蚀—加积型水道; SL.弱受限—不受限加积型水道/末端朵体; AC.废弃水道; S.岩体

Figure 8. Interpretation of root mean square (RMS) amplitude seismic slice at the base of SQ1-SQ4, showing the development and evolution characteristics of the Miocene deep-water channel systems in block A, Lower Congo-Congo Fan Basin

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