Characterization method of heterogeneity for Chang 8 tight reservoir in Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田长8致密油成藏条件异常复杂，地质“甜点”小而分散，油藏非均质性极强。以红河36井区为例，从影响油藏富集高产的主控因素出发，重点开展“储层质量、裂缝、含油性”三大强非均质性表征，再结合产能评价建立油藏非均质性综合表征模型，更客观地呈现油藏地质特征。从微观和宏观角度建立基质储层分类标准，探索沉积成岩共控储层发育机理，形成“沉积要素控制成岩相，成岩相控制储层质量”的储层非均质性表征方法，从而明确分类储层平面分布；基于不同级别断缝带对油气富集的控制作用，建立多尺度裂缝带分级方案，井震结合开展分级预测，定量表征米级到千米级裂缝带分布；以井点含油性分析为基础，结合油水分布模式，建立含油饱和度场，定量表征含油非均质性；在此基础上，叠加三大强非均质性表征结果，建立致密油藏非均质性综合评价模型，明确分类储量及开发目标分布。Abstract: Due to the complexity of accumulation conditions of Chang 8 tight reservoir in Honghe oil field, the southern margin of the Ordos Basin, the geological "sweet spots" are small and scattered, and the reservoir is remarkably heterogeneous. The Honghe 36 well block of the Honghe oil field was taken as an example in this paper, based on the main constrains for reservoir enrichment and production, three major heterogeneity characterizations, including reservoir quality, fractures and oil-enrichment, were carried out, and then combined with evaluation on productivity. A comprehensive characterization model for reservoir heterogeneity has been established, which can represent the geological characteristics of the reservoir. A classification standard for matrix reservoirs was established from the micro and macro scales to discuss the formation mechanism of reservoirs constrained by sedimentary and diagenetic factors. A characterization method for reservoir heterogeneity that "sedimentary elements constrained diagenetic facies, and diagenetic facies constrained reservoir quality" was proposed, which clarified the plane distribution of reservoirs. Based on the constrains of different grades of fracture zones on oil and gas enrichment, a multi-scale fracture zone classification scheme was established. Well logging and seismic data were combined to carry out hierarchical predictions to quantitatively characterize the multi-scale fracture zones from meter scale to kilometer scale. The oil-bearing capacity of wells was discussed, and combined with oil and water distribution pattern, an oil saturation field was established to quantitatively characterize oil-bearing heterogeneity. On this basis, three strong heterogeneity characterization results were superimposed to establish a comprehensive evaluation model for tight reservoir heterogeneity, which was used to clarify development target distribution.
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Key words:
- reservoir quality /
- multi-scale fracture /
- oil-bearing capacity /
- heterogeneity /
- tight reservoir /
- Honghe oil field /
- Ordos Basin
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田红河36井区构造特征
Figure 1. Structural characteristics of Honghe 36 well block in Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田红河36井区孔隙类型和喉道相对占比
Figure 2. Pore types and relative proportion of throats in Honghe 36 well block, Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田上三叠统延长组长8致密砂岩不同孔隙结构孔隙度—渗透率关系
Figure 3. Correlation between porosity and permeability of different pore structures of Chang 8 tight sandstone reservoir in Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田红河36井区长8致密油藏成岩相及储层质量分类表征结果
Figure 4. Classification and characterization of diagenetic facies and reservoir quality of Chang 8 tight reservoir in Honghe 36 well block, Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田红河36井区单井裂缝强度与累产液(a)和预测可采储量(b)关系
Figure 5. Correlation between fracture strength and cumulative liquid production (a) and predicted recoverable reserves (b) in Honghe 36 well block, Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田长8致密储层裂缝密度与距离断层距离函数模型
Figure 6. Function model of fracture density and distance to fault of Chang 8 tight reservoir in Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田红河36井区长8致密油藏多尺度裂缝带表征结果
Figure 7. Characterization results of multi-scale fracture zone in Chang 8 tight reservoir in Honghe 36 well block, Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田长8致密油藏含油性差异成因模式
Figure 8. Genetic model of oil-bearing difference of Chang 8 tight reservoir in Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
图 9 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田红河36井区长8致密油藏含油饱和度平面预测
Figure 9. Prediction of oil saturation of Chang 8 tight reservoir in Honghe 36 well block, Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
图 10 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田红河36井区长8油藏分类评价
Figure 10. Classification of Chang 8 reservoir in Honghe 36 well block, Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田长8致密砂岩基质储层质量分级标准
Table 1. Quality classification standard of Chang 8 tight sandstone reservoir in Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
项目 Ⅰ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅲ类 Ⅳ类 Ⅱ1 Ⅱ2 孔隙结构类型 粒间孔—宽片状喉道 粒间孔—粒内孔—宽片状喉道；粒间孔—微孔隙群—宽片状喉道 粒间孔—窄片状喉道 粒内孔—微孔隙群—窄—极窄喉道 微孔隙群—极窄喉道 储集参数 可动流体孔隙度/% > 7 3.5~7 3.5~7 3~5 < 3.5 孔隙度/% >15 10~15 10~15 7~10 < 7 渗流参数 主流喉道半径/μm > 1 0.5~1 0.5~1 < 0.5 < 0.5 渗透率/10-3 μm2 > 1 0.5~1 0.3~0.5 0.1~0.3 < 0.1 
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表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田长8致密储层多尺度裂缝分级方案
Table 2. Multi-scale fracture classification scheme of Chang 8 tight reservoir in Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
裂缝带级别 与断层关系 基本特征 地震响应 钻录井响应 大尺度裂缝带 3级以上断层(断距大于20 m)及伴(派)生裂缝带 平面延伸长度为千米级，延展宽度为数十米至百米级，纵向切割断层 杂乱空白反射带、弱振幅带 井漏、溢流、垮塌、气测异常 中尺度裂缝带 亚断层(断距10~20 m)及伴(派)生裂缝带 平面延伸长度为数十米至百米级，延展宽度为米级至十米级，纵向受隔层控制 杂乱空白反射带、弱振幅带 井漏、溢流、垮塌、气测异常 小尺度裂缝带 裂缝密集带(断距小于10 m) 平面上延伸长度为米级至十米级，延展宽度为米级 无明显响应 气测异常，无明显井漏
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表 3 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘红河油田长8致密油藏分类评价方案
Table 3. Classification scheme of Chang 8 tight reservoir in Honghe oil field, southern margin of Ordos Basin
类别 油藏综合评价 产能评价 基质储层参数 裂缝参数 含油性参数 初期产油/(t·d-1) 稳定含水/% 单井可采储量/104 t 储层质量 砂厚/m 分选系数 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3 μm2 主流喉道半径/μm 级别 裂缝带长度/km 断层断距/m 含油饱和度/% 一类 Ⅰ或Ⅱ类 > 10 2~3 > 9 > 0.3 > 0.5 中 < 2.5 10~20 > 50 > 10 < 40 > 0.6 二类 Ⅰ或Ⅱ类 > 10 2~3 > 9 > 0.3 > 0.5 小 < 2.5 < 10 40~50 3~10 40~75 0.2~0.6 三类 Ⅲ类 7~10 1.5~4 7~9 0.1~0.3 < 0.5 裂缝不发育 < 40 < 3 > 75 < 0.2
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