Occurrence states and potential influencing factors of shale oil in the Permian Fengcheng Formation of Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
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摘要: 综合应用地质、钻井、X衍射矿物成分分析、氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜-X射线能谱实验、高压压汞、岩石热解与岩心二维核磁共振实验，开展准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩油赋存特征及其影响因素的研究。玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油主要存在薄膜状吸附油与充填状游离油2种赋存方式，岩相类型、岩石矿物组分与储集空间类型是页岩油赋存状态的主控因素。玛湖凹陷风城组发育4种岩相类型，分别为云质页岩相、砂质页岩-含云粉砂岩相、含碱矿白云岩-泥质粉砂岩相、硅化白云岩-云质粉砂岩相，不同岩相类型的矿物组分、储集空间类型、孔喉结构分布与页岩油微观赋存状态存在较大的差异。对比分析不同岩相类型可知，石英含量、黄铁矿含量、有机质含量与热解烃含量（S2）存在正相关关系，长石含量、白云石含量与游离烃含量（S1）呈弱正相关关系。游离油主要分布于中孔、大孔为主的次生溶蚀孔、残留粒间孔中，吸附油集中分布于中孔、中小孔为主的有机质孔、晶间孔与矿物颗粒表面。不同岩相类型的矿物组分与孔喉结构共同影响了风城组页岩油的微观赋存状态。Abstract: Taking the Permian Fengcheng Formation of the Mahu Sag of the Junggar Basin as an example, a systematic study of shale oil was carried out for the occurrence states and potential influencing factors by integrating various data including cores, well logging, X-ray diffraction, argon ion polishing and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) observations, high-pressure mercury injection (HPMI), rock pyrolysis, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. The shale oil of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag mainly has two modes of occurrence: film-like adsorbed oil and infilled free oil. The main constrains for shale oil occurrence state include lithofacies association, mineral composition and reservoir space. Four lithofacies associations namely dolomitic shale, sandy shale-dolomitic siltstone, dolomite rock containing alkaline mineral-argillaceous siltstone, and siliceous dolomite rock-dolomitic siltstone were recognized in the shale reservoirs of the Fengcheng Formation. The mineral composition, reservoir space, micro-pore structure and shale oil occurrence states of different lithofacies appeared to be quite different. The contents of quartz, pyrite and organic matter were positively correlated with thermal cracking hydrocarbon (S2), and the contents of feldspar and dolomite showed a weak positive correlation with free hydrocarbon (S1). The free oil was mainly stored in mesopores and large pores, such as secondary dissolution pores and residual intergranular pores. The absorbed oil was mainly stored in mesopores and small pores, such as organic pores, intercrystallite pores and the surface of mineral particles. The mineral composition and pore-throat structure were dominant factors controlling the occurrence state of shale oil.
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Key words:
- shale oil /
- occurrence state /
- litho-facies type /
- pore-throat structure /
- mineral composition /
- Fengcheng Formation /
- Mahu Sag /
- Junggar Basin
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图 1 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷研究区地理位置与构造区带
Figure 1. Structural belts and study area location of Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 2 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油赋存状态表征
a.云质页岩，页岩油呈吸附态赋存于黏土矿物颗粒表面；b.云质页岩，页岩油呈吸附态充填于黄铁矿晶间孔中；c.云质页岩，页岩油呈吸附态充填于有机质孔中；d.云质粉砂岩，页岩油呈游离态赋存于粒间孔中；e.泥质白云岩，页岩油呈游离态赋存于粒内溶孔中；f.硅化白云岩，页岩油呈游离态赋存于白云石颗粒晶间孔中
Figure 2. Occurrence states of shale oil of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 3 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组矿物组分类型
a.云质粉砂岩，MY1井，4 613.94 m，石英、长石颗粒定向排列；b.云质页岩，F5井，3 197.13 m，白云石、方解石矿物颗粒发育；c.云质粉砂岩，FN3井，3 959.47 m，石英、长石矿物颗粒紧密接触；d.云质页岩，FN3井，3 959.47 m，方解石、白云石矿物颗粒发育(方解石被染成红色)；e.FN1井，4 234.95 m，铁白云石胶结(铁白云石被染成蓝色)；f.Wu35井，3 425.11 m，蜂窝状伊蒙混层发育；g.毛发状伊利石充填孔隙，AK1井，5 664.15 m；，h.石英次生增长，FN2井，4 102.2 m；i.构造裂缝被石英脉体充填，F26井，3 295.97 m；，j.硅硼钠石矿物，MY1井，4 719.6 m；k.碳钠钙石与硅硼钠石矿物，MY1井，4 719.6 m；l.纯碱，FN5井，4 069.7 m
Figure 3. Mineral types of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 4 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组岩相类型
Figure 4. Lithofacies types of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 5 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩层段有机质孔类型
a.云质页岩，MY1井，4 592.28 m，固体干酪根有机质，可见有机质粒内微孔；b.云质页岩，MY1井，4 589.97 m，固体干酪根有机质，可见有机质与成岩矿物的粒间孔；c.云质页岩，MY1井，4 674.34 m，有机质孔，孔隙相连形成复杂形状的大孔；d.云质页岩，MY1井，4 707.04 m，有机质内部发育溶蚀孔隙；e.云质页岩，MY1井，4 674.81 m，矿物颗粒被有机质充填，有机质孔发育；f.砂质页岩，MY1井，4 592.28 m，自生石英晶间孔被有机质充填；g.云质页岩，MY1井，4 589.97 m，黄铁矿晶间孔被有机质充填；h.云质页岩，MY1井，4 591.68 m，矿物颗粒粒间孔与微裂缝被有机质充填；i.云质页岩，MY1井，4 592.28 m，微裂缝被有机质充填；j.固体干酪根能谱图，MY1井，4 592.28 m；k.固体干酪根能谱图，MY1井，4 674.34 m
Figure 5. Organic pore types of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 6 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组储集层无机孔类型
a.砂质页岩，MY1井，4 693.1 m，钾长石粒间溶孔发育；b.云质页岩，MY1井，4 707.1 m，黄铁矿晶间孔发育；c.云质粉砂岩，MY1井，4 590.5 m，钠长石粒间溶孔发育；d.含云粉砂岩，MY1井，4 634.37 m，钠长石粒间溶孔发育；e.硅化白云岩，MY1井，4 590.5 m，白云石粒间孔发育；f.云质页岩，MY1井，4 674.8 m，白云石粒间孔发育；g.黄铁矿能谱图，MY1井，4 707.1 m；h.钠长石能谱图，MY1井，4 590.5 m；i.铁白云石能谱图，MY1井，4 590.5 m
Figure 6. Inorganic pores of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 7 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组高压压汞特征
a.云质页岩压汞曲线；b.云质粉砂岩压汞曲线；c.含硅硼钠石/硅化白云岩压汞曲线；d.云质页岩孔喉分布频率；e.云质粉砂岩孔喉分布频率；f.含硅硼钠石/硅化白云岩孔喉分布频率；g.云质页岩孔径与渗透率贡献；h.云质粉砂岩孔径与渗透率贡献；i.含硅硼钠石/硅化白云岩孔径与渗透率贡献
Figure 7. Characteristics of high-pressure mercury injection of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 8 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组矿物组分与游离烃、裂解烃含量交会图
Figure 8. Correlations between mineral components and thermal cracking and free hydrocarbons of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 9 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组不同岩相孔隙流体核磁响应特征
Figure 9. Nuclear magnetic response characteristics in various lithofacies of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
表 1 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组51块岩心样品X射线衍射与烃源岩热解参数
Table 1. X-ray diffraction and source rock pyrolysis data from 51 core samples of Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
深度/m 岩相类型 矿物含量/% S1/(mg·g-1) S2/(mg·g-1) TOC/% 石英 钾长石 钠长石 方解石 白云石 铁方解石 黄铁矿 黏土 4 591.98 云质页岩相 27.70 5.60 16.20 3.40 29.70 6.90 8.40 0.27 1.34 0.67 4 693.12 云质页岩相 32.20 9.70 24.50 15.80 6.10 8.10 0.36 0.75 0.40 4 706.50 云质页岩相 31.60 3.60 9.50 1.60 41.00 3.10 6.00 0.15 0.84 0.38 4 707.67 云质页岩相 13.70 7.00 17.40 2.60 40.70 6.10 6.60 1.13 4.35 1.28 4 725.05 云质页岩相 41.00 6.00 13.00 5.00 28.00 1.00 1.61 1.60 4 738.55 含碱矿白云岩—泥质粉砂岩相 29.00 15.00 29.00 12.00 4.00 3.00 1.05 0.50 4 743.13 含碱矿白云岩—泥质粉砂岩相 13.00 13.00 27.00 12.00 18.00 6.00 3.00 0.60 3.94 4 746.54 含碱矿白云岩—泥质粉砂岩相 46.00 6.00 15.00 23.00 3.00 2.16 1.68 4 753.42 含碱矿白云岩—泥质粉砂岩相 51.00 5.00 11.00 10.00 14.00 1.00 1.70 2.55 4 762.81 硅化白云岩—云质粉砂岩相 29.00 19.00 29.00 10.00 3.00 1.00 1.16 1.87 4 768.09 云质页岩相 40.00 14.00 12.00 6.00 15.00 4.00 1.00 3.07 4.51 4 786.77 砂质页岩—含云粉砂岩相 34.00 10.00 11.00 5.00 25.00 4.00 2.00 3.67 33.30 4 786.21 云质页岩相 24.00 17.00 32.00 6.00 6.00 3.00 1.00 1.87 1.99 4 794.35 砂质页岩—含云粉砂岩相 32.00 14.00 23.00 16.00 4.00 1.00 0.92 0.82 4 800.00 砂质页岩—含云粉砂岩相 27.00 15.00 10.00 33.00 3.00 4.00 0.21 0.63 4 809.75 硅化白云岩—云质粉砂岩相 64.00 6.00 3.00 20.00 1.00 0.77 0.75 4 817.94 硅化白云岩—云质粉砂岩相 54.00 6.00 13.00 19.00 2.00 0.51 0.80 4 823.69 硅化白云岩—云质粉砂岩相 35.00 7.00 15.00 3.00 31.00 2.00 0.22 1.16 4 837.61 云质页岩相 52.00 9.00 5.00 25.00 3.00 0.15 0.87 4 845.55 云质页岩相 31.00 12.00 6.00 6.00 31.00 3.00 4.00 0.52 1.29 4 590.07 云质页岩相 44.00 6.00 14.00 23.00 4.00 0.43 1.10 0.38 4 595.61 云质页岩相 15.00 23.00 3.00 1.00 0.10 0.36 0.29 4 612.31 砂质页岩—含云粉砂岩相 15.00 24.00 27.00 2.00 14.00 5.00 3.00 0.35 0.84 0.35 4 633.85 云质页岩相 48.00 37.00 5.00 1.00 0.22 0.37 0.18 4 649.44 云质页岩相 19.00 11.00 31.00 9.00 16.00 3.00 2.00 7.85 7.51 4 665.91 云质页岩相 24.00 10.00 28.00 3.00 23.00 3.00 2.00 2.93 3.34 4 669.63 云质页岩相 15.00 14.00 37.00 21.00 5.00 1.00 3.23 2.09 4 685.52 云质页岩相 27.00 7.00 23.00 6.00 19.00 5.00 3.00 0.87 2.57 4 690.82 云质页岩相 39.00 24.00 16.00 3.00 6.00 2.00 0.19 1.16 0.47 4 700.76 云质页岩相 43.00 6.00 12.00 29.00 3.00 4 706.88 云质页岩相 15.00 25.00 28.00 3.00 15.00 5.00 2.00 0.27 2.64 0.87 4 589.97 云质页岩相 33.40 1.20 4.70 37.70 12.90 0.70 9.40 4 590.31 云质页岩相 21.70 1.50 5.20 6.80 52.80 1.10 10.90 1.30 3.00 0.96 4 590.50 云质页岩相 56.90 3.30 6.10 2.50 19.20 12.00 0.15 0.84 0.38 4 591.07 云质页岩相 70.60 2.60 4.50 22.30 0.19 1.16 0.47 4 591.68 云质页岩相 52.40 2.40 6.30 3.20 29.60 6.10 1.57 1.60 4 592.28 砂质页岩—含云粉砂岩相 75.70 3.80 1.60 15.70 3.20 4 633.52 砂质页岩—含云粉砂岩相 67.60 6.80 10.60 1.90 2.00 1.13 4.35 1.28 4 634.11 砂质页岩—含云粉砂岩相 67.80 6.00 18.40 1.40 6.40 4 634.57 云质页岩相 56.60 7.20 18.20 1.70 13.40 2.90 0.60 2.36 0.61 4 674.34 砂质页岩—含云粉砂岩相 44.70 5.10 29.40 15.70 5.10 0.25 2.42 0.80 4 674.63 砂质页岩—含云粉砂岩相 53.40 1.40 9.10 34.00 2.10 4 674.81 云质页岩相 35.30 1.60 9.80 4.00 46.30 3.00 0.13 0.43 0.23 4 693.38 砂质页岩—含云粉砂岩相 26.40 8.50 13.10 18.80 24.50 2.40 6.30 4 694.12 云质页岩相 44.00 4.90 6.30 2.50 26.30 4.10 11.90 1.30 3.00 0.96 4 706.45 云质页岩相 54.20 1.90 5.40 2.50 32.70 3.30 0.15 0.84 0.38 4 706.94 云质页岩相 65.30 2.60 5.60 2.70 21.10 2.70 0.19 1.16 0.47 4 707.04 含碱矿白云岩—泥质粉砂岩相 18.70 7.90 20.40 4.60 33.0 1.60 5.70 1.57 1.60 4 707.74 硅化白云岩—云质粉砂岩相 24.60 8.20 25.60 6.40 19.70 4.60 10.90 4 705.25 硅化白云岩—云质粉砂岩相 2.10 3.10 13.60 31.40 48.30 1.50 1.13 4.35 1.28 4 705.81 云质页岩相 29.30 2.40 15.90 11.10 37.50 3.80 0.25 2.42 0.80 
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