Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of physical properties of Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin
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摘要: 准噶尔盆地南缘(准南)下组合(侏罗—白垩系)油气资源丰富，其中准南东段侏罗系头屯河组是下组合重要的储层发育层位之一，但目前有关其储层特征及物性控制因素尚未有系统研究。综合利用取心井的钻测井、镜下薄片、扫描电镜、物性、压汞测试、镜质体反射率等资料，并结合区域地质背景及地层条件，对头屯河组储层基本特征、成岩演化及物性控制因素等进行了系统研究。准南东段头屯河组储层沉积水动力条件较强，储层内部杂基含量较低，整体具有低成分成熟度、高塑性岩屑含量及中等结构成熟度的岩石学特征；储层储集空间以粒间孔为主，平均孔隙度为11.6%，平均渗透率为5.7×10-3 μm2，整体属低孔低渗—中孔中渗储层，孔喉结构以中孔—大孔、粗喉道为特征，且孔喉分选相对较好；储层成岩作用以压实、胶结和溶蚀作用为主，但胶结物含量较低，溶蚀作用表现为酸性溶蚀，且储层整体成岩程度较低，主体处于早成岩A-B期，仅部分达到中成岩A期。头屯河组储层以压实减孔最为显著，并包含构造压实和埋藏压实两方面，此外碳酸盐及黏土矿物胶结使得储层物性进一步损失。尽管溶蚀增孔作用相对有限，但目前由于储层已开始进入中成岩阶段，地层酸性流体在深层将增强，使得溶蚀孔隙增加；早期缓慢埋藏—后期快速深埋和快速抬升的埋藏方式，加之地层超压的出现和地温梯度的持续降低，使得头屯河组储层物性得到有效保存。Abstract: The lower assemblage (from Jurassic to Cretaceous) on the southern margin of Junggar Basin is rich in oil and gas resources, and the Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment is an important horizon for reservoir development. However, no systematic study has been accomplished for its reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of physical properties. Based on the drilling and logging, microscopic observation of thin section, scanning electron microscopic observation, physical property and mercury injection test, vitrinite reflectance (Ro%) and other data including coring wells, combined with regional geological background and stratigraphic conditions, it was analyzed in this paper for the basic characteristics, diagenetic evolution and controlling factors of physical properties of Toutunhe Formation. The sedimentary hydrodynamic conditions of the Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment of the southern Junggar Basin are relatively stronger, which makes the content of matrix inside the reservoirs relatively lower. It has the petrologic characteristics of low compositional maturity, high plastic debris content and medium structural maturity. The reservoir space is dominated by inter-granular pores, with an average porosity of 11.6% and an average permeability of 5.7×10-3 μm2. The whole reservoir belongs to low-porosity and low-permeability or medium-porosity and medium-permeability reservoir. Medium and large pores and coarse throats are dominant, relatively well sorted. Reservoir diagenesis is dominated by compaction, cementation and dissolution, but the content of cement is low. The dissolution effect is mainly acidic dissolution. The overall diagenesis degree of the reservoir is low, mainly in the early diagenetic stage A-B with some in the middle diagenetic stage A. Compaction effect, including both structural and burial ones, lead to the decrease of porosity in the Toutunhe Formation. In addition, the cementation of carbonate and clay minerals further reduces the physical properties of the reservoir. Although the effect of dissolution for porosity enhancement is relatively limited, the reservoir has begun to enter the middle diagenetic stage, the effect of formation acid fluid will strengthen in the deep layer, which will increase dissolution porosity. Due to the slow burial in the early stage, rapid deep burial and rapid uplift in the later stage, combined with the occurrence of formation overpressure and the continuous reduction of geothermal gradient, the physical properties of the Toutunhe Formation have been effectively preserved.
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图 1 准噶尔盆地南缘东段构造位置(a)、研究区侏罗系头屯河组沉积相(b)及头屯河组岩性(c)
图 1b据文献[7]修改。
Figure 1. Regional position (a), sedimentary facies map (b) and lithologic histogram of Toutunhe Formation (c)of the eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin
图 2 准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系头屯河组储层砂岩类型(a)、组分(b-c)及分选性(d)、磨圆级别分布(e)
Figure 2. Sandstone types (a), components (b-c), sorting (d), and distribution of grinding circle level (e) of Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin
图 3 准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系头屯河组储层物性分布(a-b)、孔喉直径(c-d)、压汞曲线(e)及孔渗相关性(f)
Figure 3. Physical property distribution (a-b), pore throat diameter (c-d), mercury injection curve (e) and porosity- permeability correlation (f) of Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin
图 4 准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系头屯河组储层储集空间类型
a.台44井，2 487.9 m，细—中砂岩，粒间孔(红色铸体)；b.九运1井，4 581.11 m，粒间孔；c.牧7井，4 013.47 m，细—中粒砂岩，溶蚀孔(蓝色铸体)；d.牧7井，4 013.47 m，中—细砂岩，溶蚀孔(蓝色铸体)；e.牧7井，4 013.74 m，溶蚀孔隙；f.牧7井，4 004.48 m，泥质粉砂岩，微裂缝(蓝色铸体)
Figure 4. Reservoir space types of Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin
图 5 准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系头屯河组储层成岩作用特征
a.牧7井，3 955.09 m，塑性颗粒变形及假杂基化(蓝色铸体)；b.牧7井，3 957 m，细砂岩，碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀(蓝色铸体及茜素红染色)；c.牧7井，4 012.94 m，细—中砂岩，碳酸盐胶结物(蓝色铸体及茜素红染色)；d.牧7井，2 928.94 m，石英微晶，不规则伊蒙混层矿物，粒间孔；e.九运1井，4 571.85 m，叶片状绿泥石；f.牧7井，2 928.94 m，粒间孔缩小，粒表弯曲片状伊利石及不规则伊蒙混层矿物；g.九运1井，4 562.66 m，不规则绿蒙混层矿物；h.台62井，2 424.63 m，粒间充填的蠕虫状高岭石；i.牧7井，3 955.09 m，细砂岩，黏土包壳；j.牧7井，3 956 m，球粒状黄铁矿；k.牧7井，4 013.47 m，细—中砂岩，颗粒溶蚀(蓝色铸体及茜素红染色)；l.台62井，2 424.09 m，长石碎屑溶蚀，蜂巢状伊蒙混层矿物
Figure 5. Diagenetic characteristics of Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin
图 6 准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系头屯河组储层伊蒙混层中蒙皂石含量(a)、镜质组反射率(b)、成岩序列(c)、埋藏史(d)及地温梯度演化(e)
Figure 6. Percentage content of smectite in illite-montmorillonite mixed layer (a), vitrinite reflectance (b), diagenetic sequence (c), burial history (d) and evolution of geothermal gradient (e) of Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin
图 7 准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系头屯河组储层岩石组分(a-c)、岩性(d)及碎屑颗粒分选系数(e-f)与物性的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between physical properties and rock components (a-c), lithology (d), and clastic sorting coefficient (e-f) of Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin
图 8 准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系头屯河组储层物性与碳酸盐(a-b)、黏土矿物(c-h)胶结物含量的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between reservoir physical properties and contents of carbonate (a-b) and clay mineral (c-h) cements of Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin
图 9 准噶尔盆地南缘东段头屯河组储层物性垂向变化(a-b)及地层压力(c)
Figure 9. Vertical variation of reservoir physical properties (a-b) and formation pressure (c) of Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin
图 10 准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系头屯河组储层压实减孔率与碎屑成分的关系
Figure 10. Interaction diagram of compaction porosity reduction rate and clastic composition of Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin
表 1 准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系头屯河组储层自生黏土矿物类型及其相对含量
Table 1. Types and relative contents of authigenic clay minerals of Toutunhe Formation in the eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin
井号 样品深度/m 蒙皂石/% 伊蒙混层/% 伊利石/% 高岭石/% 绿泥石/% 绿蒙混层/% 伊蒙混层中蒙皂石含量/% 样品数/个 长山1 1 778.59~2 003.49 0 38~88(61.3) 3~12(9) 5~28(16.8) 4~22(12.8) 0 70~90(78.3) 6 吉南2 1 574.63~1 591.11 0~95(54.8) 0~73(22.8) 2~8(4.2) 2~35(11.6) 1~19(6.6) 0 50~100(85) 5 九运1 4 430.18~4 582.73 0 8~59(29.1) 10~33(18.4) 0 23~53(35) 0~52(17.56) 40~90(54.5) 38 九运2 3 934.29~3 938.01 0 62~75(67.3) 9~16(13.3) 0 16~22(19.3) 0 90 3 龙3 506.43~506.88 0 27~49(38) 10~11(10.5) 31~44(37.5) 9~19(14) 0 40~50(45) 2 总平均值 5.07 34.56 15.44 4.33 28.24 12.35 61.57 54 注：表中分式意义为最小值~最大值(平均值)。 
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