塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系缝洞充填方解石地球化学特征及其储层流体分析

李淼; 周雨双; 赵永强; 耿锋; 乔桂林; 郝建龙

doi:10.11781/sysydz202204593

塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系缝洞充填方解石地球化学特征及其储层流体分析

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202204593

1.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126
2.
中国石化西北油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 乌鲁木齐 830011

基金项目:

中国石化科技部项目“塔西南下古生界油气富集关键因素及突破目标评价” P19022-6

详细信息

作者简介:
李淼(1992—), 男, 硕士, 助理研究员, 从事同位素地球化学研究。E-mail: lmustc07.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE122.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-10
- 修回日期: 2022-05-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-28

Geochemical characteristics and fluid origins of fracture- and cave-filling calcites of Ordovician in Yubei area, Tarim Basin

1.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
2.
Research Institute of Exploration and Production, Northwest Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China

摘要

摘要: 塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的成因是该地区油气勘探研究的关键问题。通过分析玉北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞方解石的充填特征和地球化学特征，并结合区域构造背景，探讨了影响储层发育的流体期次、性质和作用类型。该区奥陶系缝洞充填方解石样品的稀土配分曲线呈现淡水和海水2种流体特征，由东向西分布的井中样品锶同位素比值逐渐减小，且高角度缝方解石的锶同位素值明显高于孔洞和水平缝洞方解石中的，显示了不同区域、不同产状样品中流体性质的差异。因此，玉北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩成岩系统具有一定开放性，由东向西淡水改造的程度逐渐减弱，这与加里东中期—海西早期东强西弱的构造活动特征相吻合，断裂活动强度影响了流体对储层的改造过程。
- 锶同位素 /
- 稀土元素 /
- 方解石 /
- 储层流体 /
- 碳酸盐岩 /
- 奥陶系 /
- 玉北地区 /
- 塔里木盆地
Abstract: The genesis of carbonate reservoirs of the Lower-Middle Ordovician strata has been an important topic for petroleum exploration in the Yubei area, Tarim Basin. To investigate the stages and properties of paleo-fluid and discuss the reservoir origin, the geochemical and cathodoluminescence features of the Ordovician fracture- and cave-filling calcites from wells in the Yubei area were analyzed combining with the regional tectonic background. Results show that the REE distribution patterns and occurrences of samples from different wells have the characteristics of seawater and fresh water, respectively. The average values of Sr isotopes gradually decrease from east to west. Moreover, the average value of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr in high-angle fracture calcites is higher than those of cave-filling and horizontal-fracture calcites, suggesting obvious variations of fluid properties in different regions and sample occurrences. Therefore, the diagenetic environment of the Lower-Middle Ordovician carbonates in the Yubei area may be open. The decreases of meteoric alteration from east to west can be attributed to the Middle Caledonian and Early Hercynian tectonic setting. Moreover, the progress of reservoir modification by fluids is mainly affected by fault activity intensity.
- strontium isotope /
- rare earth element /
- calcite /
- reservoir fluid /
- carbonate /
- Ordovician /
- Yubei area /
- Tarim Basin

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图 1 塔里木盆地玉北地区构造—沉积背景

Figure 1. Structural and sedimentary background of Yubei area, Tarim Basin

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图 2 塔里木盆地玉北地区缝洞充填方解石取样位置与镜下微观特征

a.泥晶灰岩高角度裂缝中充填的方解石，YB7井，5 810.39 m，O_1-2y；b.泥晶灰岩孔洞中充填的方解石，YB8井，6 969.80 m，O_1-2y；c.泥晶灰岩水平缝洞中充填的方解石，YB8井，6 919.96 m，O_1-2y；d.高角度裂缝充填方解石，YB7井，5 810.39 m，O_1-2y；e-f.图d红色圆圈处镜下与阴极发光特征

Figure 2. Positions and photomicrographs of fracture- and cave-filling calcite samples in Yubei area, Tarim Basin

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图 3 塔里木盆地玉北地区缝洞充填方解石阴极发光特征

a-b.早期孔洞充填第一期方解石(C1)，暗红色阴极发光，晚期高角度缝被第三期方解石(C3)充填，切穿C1方解石，C3发橙黄色阴极光，C1边缘可见少量第二期方解石(C2)，玫瑰红色阴极发光，YB4井，5 838.97 m，O₃l；c-d.早期孔洞充填C1方解石，可见破碎围岩颗粒，暗红色阴极发光，晚期裂缝被C3方解石充填，切穿C2方解石，C2发玫瑰红色阴极光，C3发橙黄色阴极光，YB3井，5 443.10 m，O_1-2y；e-f.孔洞中主要充填C1方解石，不发光—暗红色阴极发光，YB8井，6 919.96 m，O_1-2y；g-h孔洞中充填C1方解石，不发光—暗红色阴极发光，在围岩和C1颗粒边缘可见C2方解石充填，阴极发光颜色为玫瑰红色，YB6A井，6 531.65 m，O_1-2y；i-j.孔洞中主要充填C2方解石，玫瑰红色阴极发光，YB8井，6 918.66 m，O_1-2y；k-l.高角度裂缝中主要充填C3方解石，橙黄色阴极发光，YB7井，5 810.39 m，O_1-2y

Figure 3. Characteristics of cathodoluminescence of fracture- and cave-filling calcite samples in Yubei area, Tarim Basin

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图 4 塔里木盆地玉北地区不同钻井方解石样品稀土元素配分模式

Figure 4. REE patterns for calcite samples from different wells in Yubei area, Tarim Basin

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图 5 塔里木盆地玉北地区不同产状方解石样品稀土元素配分模式

Figure 5. REE patterns for calcite samples of different occurrence from Yubei area, Tarim Basin

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图 6 塔里木盆地玉北地区不同钻井方解石⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值散点图

Figure 6. Scattered diagram for ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of fracture- and cave-filling calcite samples from different wells in Yubei area, Tarim Basin

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图 7 塔里木盆地玉北地区不同产状方解石⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值散点图

壳源⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr平均值引自PALMER和EDMOND^[39]；奥陶纪海水⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr范围引自MCARTHUR等^[16]。

Figure 7. Scattered diagram for ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of fracture- and cave-filling calcite samples of different occurrence from Yubei area, Tarim Basin

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图 8 塔里木盆地玉北地区不同钻井方解石⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr和LREE/HREE关系

Figure 8. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr-LREE/HREE relationship of fracture- and cave-filling calcite samples from different wells in Yubei area, Tarim Basin

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图 9 塔里木盆地玉北地区不同类型流体作用模式

Figure 9. Model of fluid of different types in Yubei area, Tarim Basin

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表 1 塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系缝洞方解石稀土元素和锶同位素组成

Table 1. Rare earth elements and strontium isotope compositions of fracture- and cave-filling calcites of Lower-Middle Ordovician in Yubei area, Tarim Basin

样品号	地层	产状	La/La^*	Ce/Ce^*	Eu/Eu^*	∑REE/10^-6	LREE/HREE	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	2σ
YB3-1-2-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.55	1.06	2.36	0.27	0.43
YB3-1-3-1	O_1-2y	水平缝洞方解石	0.65	0.78	0.87	8.56	1.31	0.709 86	0.000 18
YB3-1-3-1*	O_1-2y							0.709 81	0.000 15
YB3-1-3-2	O_1-2y	水平缝洞方解石	0.68	1.65	1.05	8.17	1.29	0.709 17	0.000 22
YB3-2-1	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.80	0.87	1.07	2.37	1.71	0.709 35	0.000 19
YB3-2-2	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.86	0.95	0.80	3.11	0.91	0.711 08	0.000 24
YB3-3-1	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	2.51	0.90	2.09	1.24	1.10	0.708 60	0.000 18
YB3-3-2	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.91	0.80	1.28	0.80	0.69
YB3-3-3	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.31	0.31	1.75	0.24	0.73
YB3-5-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.75	0.74	1.46	1.58	1.10	0.709 26	0.000 20
YB3-5-2	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.33	0.75	0.54	1.29	0.78	0.709 61	0.000 25
YB3-5-2*	O_1-2y							0.709 59	0.000 30
YB3-6-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.40	0.78	1.08	5.46	0.74
YB3-6-2	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.51	0.67	0.68	0.29	0.49
YB3-7-1	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.67	0.80	0.73	3.43	1.15	0.709 88	0.000 51
YB3-7-2	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.94	0.82	0.92	1.80	0.59
YB3-9-1	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.78	0.98	0.61	1.44	0.91
YB3-9-2	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.65	0.83	0.85	2.15	1.22
YB3-9-3	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.81	0.78	0.63	2.16	0.88
YB3-9-4	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.62	0.84	0.64	3.37	1.19
YB3-11-1	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.48	1.01	1.23	6.06	0.54	0.708 75	0.000 28
YB3-11-1*	O_1-2y							0.708 78	0.000 32
YB4-1-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.42	0.81	1.44	1.20	1.15	0.709 44	0.000 29
YB4-1-2	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.09	0.57	2.56	10.73	0.94
YB4-2-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.61	0.77	0.83	2.62	1.22
YB4-2-2	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	2.91	1.06	2.26	0.42	0.75
YB4-2-3	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.78	0.83	1.19	6.42	1.63	0.707 67	0.000 47
YB4-2-4	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.26	0.36	1.83	0.34	0.61
YB4-2-5	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.58	0.77	1.07	1.73	0.83
YB4-3-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.67	0.77	1.61	1.43	0.90
YB4-3-2	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.53	0.92	1.08	5.89	0.67	0.707 94	0.000 30
YB4-5-1	O₃l	孔洞方解石	49.81	1.21	1.57	2.26	1.15
YB4-5-2	O₃l	孔洞方解石	0.78	0.84	1.15	6.92	1.81
YB4-5-3	O₃l	孔洞方解石	1.02	0.85	0.67	3.65	1.17
YB4-5-4	O₃l	孔洞方解石	1.44	0.70	0.67	7.32	1.62
YB6A-5-34-1	O₂yj	水平缝洞方解石	0.94	1.00	0.88	3.47	0.86	0.709 01	0.000 12
YB6A-7-66-1	O₂yj	水平缝洞方解石	0.96	1.07	1.34	1.48	1.40	0.709 43	0.000 29
YB6A-8-6-1	O_1-2y	水平缝洞方解石	0.74	0.91	1.01	2.67	0.84
YB6A-9-19-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	1.08	1.03	1.70	1.92	0.55
YB7-1-1	O_1p	高角度缝方解石	0.64	0.69	1.52	1.08	0.26
YB7-4-1	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.79	0.96	1.00	4.40	0.48	0.709 08	0.000 55
YB7-4-2	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	1.42	0.88	0.95	1.40	0.63	0.709 69	0.000 16
YB7-4-3	O_1-2y	高角度缝方解石	0.81	0.93	1.04	1.91	0.86
YB8-6-1	O_1-2y	水平缝洞方解石	0.94	0.47	0.84	0.10	0.28
YB8-7-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.29	0.92	0.61	1.07	0.48
YB8-7-2	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.79	0.96	0.95	0.64	0.54	0.708 77	0.000 34
YB8-7-2*	O_1-2y							0.708 71	0.000 20
YB8-8-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.72	0.96	0.71	0.81	0.65	0.708 83	0.000 41
YB8-8-1*	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石						0.709 47	0.000 61
YB8-9-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	1.00	0.92	1.22	2.08	0.71	0.708 49	0.000 33
YB8-10-1	O_1-2y	水平缝洞方解石	0.60	0.27	1.43	0.12	0.49
YB8-10-2	O_1-2y	水平缝洞方解石	1.11	0.45	1.25	0.21	0.31
YB8-11A-1	O_1-2y	水平缝洞方解石	0.65	0.94	1.66	4.78	1.51
YB8-11A-2	O_1-2y	水平缝洞方解石	1.71	0.34	1.50	2.71	0.67	0.708 68	0.000 21
YB8-11B-1	O_1-2y	水平缝洞方解石	1.02	0.95	1.27	1.70	0.47	0.709 00	0.000 31
YB8-11B-2	O_1-2y	水平缝洞方解石	0.90	0.99	0.61	2.10	0.61	0.708 62	0.000 35
YB8-12-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.63	1.07	0.94	1.74	0.91
YB8-13-1	O_1-2y	水平缝洞方解石	0.75	2.81	5.02	6.30	2.64	0.708 78	0.000 50
YB8-14A-1	O₃l	孔洞方解石	0.64	0.76	0.96	7.55	0.31
PSB2-4-55-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	1.68	0.84	1.58	0.42	0.77
PSB2-4-55-2	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	1.22	0.80	0.90	14.42	0.54
PSB2-3-38-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.46	0.70	1.48	0.85	0.89
PSB2-5-50-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.85	0.90	1.17	5.10	1.18
PSB2-5-3-1	O_1-2y	孔洞方解石	0.82	0.92	0.77	10.00	1.31

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