中扬子北缘冲断构造带的古流体记录及其对页岩气保存意义——以保地1井为例

刘安; 王强; 陈孝红; 李旭兵; 张保民; 李海; 李继涛

doi:10.11781/sysydz202204620

中扬子北缘冲断构造带的古流体记录及其对页岩气保存意义——以保地1井为例

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202204620

中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心, 武汉 430205

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05034001-002

中国地质调查局项目 DD20190558

中国地质调查局项目 DD20221659

详细信息

作者简介:
刘安(1981—), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 从事古流体与页岩气成藏、保存研究。E-mail: globstar@163.com

通讯作者:
李旭兵(1974—), 男, 教授级高级工程师, 从事油气地质综合研究。E-mail: yclxubing!@163.com

中图分类号: TE122.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-10
- 修回日期: 2022-05-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-28

Geochemical characteristics of paleo-fluids in thrust belt in the northern Middle Yangtze and its significance for shale gas preservation: a case study of well Baodi 1

Wuhan Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究中扬子北缘大洪山冲断带古流体特征及其对页岩气保存的指示意义，以该区保地1井为例，系统采集志留系裂缝脉体样品并开展流体地球化学与包裹体分析。测试结果显示，方解石脉δ¹³C值变化范围为-8.19‰~0.16‰，碳同位素最小值远小于志留系灰岩夹层，也小于海相碳酸盐岩，结合脉体包裹体群脱硫系数高达23.53~87.90且自下而上具有降低的趋势，表明古流体中有下伏寒武系膏岩层卤水混入，导致古流体SO₄^2-增高，以及寒武系TSR产生的H₂S、CO₂沿着裂缝系统进入志留系，致使方解石脉δ¹³C负偏和钻遇地层气显发现H₂S。志留系龙马溪组底部包裹体类型以纯水溶液包裹体为主，最大均一温度峰值约为110~120℃，最小均一温度峰值为60~80℃；结合区域构造演化，大洪山冲断带较川东地区志留系页岩抬升剥蚀时间早，古流体形成阶段埋深浅、温度低、含气饱和度低。滑脱带附近包裹体均一温度变化范围大，最低均一温度发育于该段，表明滑脱带构造活动期次更多、持续时间更长，特别是晚期构造活动更强，成为页岩气逸散的长期通道。综合分析表明，大洪山冲断带发育多个滑脱层的冲断、变形，对多层系页岩气藏和常规气藏破坏较大。
- 古流体 /
- 页岩气 /
- 保存条件 /
- 包裹体 /
- 地球化学 /
- 大洪山冲断带 /
- 中扬子北缘
Abstract: To study the geochemical characteristics of paleo-fluids in the Dahongshan thrust belt of Middle Yangtze and its significance for shale gas preservation, in this study, Silurian vein samples were collected from well Baodi 1 and fluid geochemistry and inclusions were systematically analyzed. Results show that the variation range of δ¹³C of calcite veins is -8.19‰ to 0.16‰, with the minimum value much lower than that of Silurian limestone interlayer and marine carbonate. The desulfurization coefficient of vein inclusion group is 23.53 to 87.90, with downward trend from bottom to top. It is indicated that the SO₄^2- in paleo-fluid of Silurian increases because of the mixing of underlying Cambrian gypsum brine, as well as CO₂ and H₂S entering into Silurian along fracture system from Cambrian TSR productions, resulting in negative δ¹³C of calcite veins and H₂S show in drilled formations. The inclusions at the bottom of Silurian Longmaxi Formation are mainly pure aqueous solution inclusions. The maximum homogenization temperature peak is about 110 to 120℃, and the minimum homogenization temperature distribute from 60 to 80℃. Compared with those in the eastern Sichuan Basin, the shale in Dahongshan thrust belt entered uplifting and denudation stage earlier, and the paleo-fluid formation stage had shallower burial depth, low temperature and low gas saturation. The range of homogenization temperature of inclusions near the detachment zone is wider, and the lowest homogenization temperature is developed in this section, indicating the detachment zone has more periods of tectonic activity and longer duration time, especially in the later stage, which has become a long-term channel for shale gas escape. Comprehensive analysis shows that there are many detachment layers in the Dahongshan thrust belt, and the thrust and deformation destroyed multi-layer shale gas reservoirs and conventional gas reservoirs.
- paleo-fluids /
- shale gas /
- preservation condition /
- inclusions /
- geochemistry /
- Dahongshan thrust belt /
- northern Middle Yangtze

HTML全文

图 1 中扬子北缘冲断构造带构造特征及采样位置

Figure 1. Regional structural geology features and sampling points of northern Middle Yangtze

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图 2 中扬子北缘保地1井方解石脉地化组分及流体包裹体组分综合柱状图

Figure 2. Composition of calcite veins and fluid inclusions in well Baodi 1, northern Middle Yangtze

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图 3 中扬子北缘保地1井脉体包裹体特征

a.带状分布气相包裹体，样品号BD37，井深1 119.3 m；b.气相包裹体与气液两相包裹体共生，样品号BD3，井深1 572.5 m；c.气液两相包裹体，样品号BD72，井深493.8 m；d.自由分布的纯水溶液包裹体，样品号BD37，井深1 119.3 m；V为气相，L为液相

Figure 3. Characteristics of fluid inclusions in fracture veins, well Baodi 1, northern Middle Yangtze

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图 4 中扬子北缘保地1井包裹体均一温度直方图

Figure 4. Homogeneous temperatures of fluid inclusions in well Baodi 1, northern Middle Yangtze

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图 5 中扬子北缘保地1井方解石脉及围岩δ¹³C—δ¹⁸O协变图

Figure 5. δ¹³C vs. δ¹⁸O of calcite veins and wall rocks in well Baodi 1, northern Middle Yangtze

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图 6 中扬子北缘冲断带页岩气散失模式

Figure 6. Shale gas dispersion mode in thrust belt, northern Middle Yangtze

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表 1 中扬子北缘保地1井石英脉包裹体群离子组分统计

Table 1. Statistics of ion composition of quartz vein inclusions in well Baodi 1, northern Middle Yangtze

样号	井深/m	离子含量/(μg·g^-1)								r(Na⁺)/rCl^-)	[r(Cl^-)-r(Na⁺)]/r(Mg²⁺)	r(SO₄^2-)×100/r(Cl^-)
样号	井深/m	F^-	Cl^-	NO₃^-	SO₄^2-	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	r(Na⁺)/rCl^-)	[r(Cl^-)-r(Na⁺)]/r(Mg²⁺)	r(SO₄^2-)×100/r(Cl^-)
BD11	1 492.3	0.420	2.06	1.50	1.64	1.68	0.632	0.405	1.66	1.26	-0.45	58.72
BD18	1 404.8	0.499	2.66	1.68	1.49	1.47	0.593	0.755	4.19	0.85	0.18	41.32
BD19	1 392.5	0.283	1.61	1.79	1.15	0.88	0.393	0.582	5.61	0.84	0.15	52.68
BD24	1 284.6	0.593	3.63	1.43	2.92	1.49	0.709	1.070	15.90	0.63	0.43	59.33
BD26	1 267.9	0.577	3.51	1.86	1.27	2.22	0.551	1.040	6.08	0.98	0.03	26.69
BD36	1 158.6	0.369	2.18	1.44	1.82	1.34	0.752	1.120	6.74	0.95	0.03	61.58
BD37	1 119.3	0.375	2.42	1.28	1.47	1.90	0.540	0.810	3.22	1.21	-0.22	44.80
BD43	1 023.5	0.280	2.66	1.17	3.17	1.76	0.533	0.946	2.61	1.02	-0.02	87.90
BD53	830.0	0.297	3.75	1.17	1.43	2.09	0.587	1.400	4.71	0.86	0.13	28.13
BD62	643.5	0.289	2.24	1.09	1.37	1.31	0.626	0.827	4.38	0.90	0.09	45.11
BD70	512.3	0.269	5.80	1.17	1.85	2.91	0.798	0.616	3.23	0.77	0.73	23.53

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表 2 中扬子北缘保地1井与其他地区志留系包裹体类型及均一温度对比

Table 2. Comparison of types and homogeneous temperature of Silurian inclusions in well Baodi 1, northern Middle Yangtze and other areas

项目	保地1井	鄂西地区	焦石坝	南川	丁山
包裹体类型	纯水包裹体为主	液相和气液两相包裹体	纯甲烷和气液两相包裹体	纯甲烷和气液两相包裹体	纯甲烷和气液两相包裹体
均一温度最低值/℃	59	90	141.2	118.5	85.7
均一温度最高值/℃	121	271	201.1	240.8	229.6
均一温度峰值/℃	60~80, 110~130等	小于130为主	150, 190~210	160~190，230~240	100~120，170~210
抬升开始时间	侏罗纪	侏罗—白垩纪	85 Ma	70 Ma	60 Ma
注：鄂西地区数据据LIU等^[7]；焦石坝、南川、丁山数据据NIE等^[25]。

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