Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors for Permian Maokou Formation in Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 四川盆地元坝地区YB7井二叠系茅口组的突破，揭示了元坝地区茅口组巨大的勘探潜力。随着资料的不断丰富，及时加强其油气规律认识，总结成藏主控因素，可为下步油气勘探部署提供依据。在分析茅口组气藏基本成藏条件及气藏特征的基础上，开展了气源对比、油气充注时间分析等研究，系统总结了油气成藏主控因素。研究区内烃源岩和油气保存条件好，储层为浅滩叠合岩溶缝洞储层，气藏表现为异常高压高温气藏，天然气具有干酪根裂解气和原油裂解气的混合气特征，主要来源于二叠系吴家坪组烃源岩，油气在中侏罗世大量充注，有持续充注的特点。油气成藏主要受储层发育、烃源岩条件及油气保存条件的共同控制。Abstract: A breakthrough has been made in the Permian Maokou Formation by the well of YB 7 in Yuanba area of the Sichuan Basin, which shows a great exploration potential. With continuous enrichment of data, it is necessary to strengthen the understanding of oil and gas laws and to summarize the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation, by which a basis for oil and gas exploration and deployment may be provided. In this paper, basic accumulation conditions and characteristics of gas pools in the Maokou Formation were studied, gas-source correlation and hydrocarbon charging time analyses were carried out, and some main controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation were summarized. The study area has favorable conditions for source rock and hydrocarbon preservation. The reservoir is mainly shoal superimposed karst fractured type. The gas pool is characterized by abnormally high pressure and high temperature. The natural gas is accumulated from both kerogen and crude oil cracking gas, mainly derived from the Wujiaping Formation. The oil and gas are largely filled in the Middle Jurassic, characterized by continuous filling. The hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area is mainly controlled by reservoir development, source rock conditions and hydrocarbon preservation conditions.
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图 1 四川盆地元坝地区构造位置与典型井二叠系吴家坪组—茅口组综合柱状图
Figure 1. Structural location of Yuanba area in Sichuan Basin and synthesis histogram of Wujiaping-Maokou formations in typical wells
图 2 四川盆地元坝地区及邻区天然气来源判识
判别图版来自文献[16]。
Figure 2. Sources of natual gas in Yuanba and neighboring areas, Sichuan Basin
图 3 四川盆地元坝地区二叠系茅口组天然气与烃源岩干酪根碳同位素对比
Figure 3. Comparison of carbon isotope between natural gas and source rock kerogen, Permian Maokou Formation, Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin
图 4 四川盆地元坝地区二叠系茅口组储层方解石充填物中包裹体显微照片
Figure 4. Microphotograph of fluid inclusions in calcite fillings of Permian Maokou Formation reservoir in Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin
图 5 四川盆地元坝地区二叠系茅口组包裹体均一温度分布
Figure 5. Homogenization temperature distribution of fluid inclusions in Permian Maokou Formation reservoir in Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin
图 6 四川盆地元坝地区埋藏史—热史曲线
Figure 6. Buried depth and thermal evolution history curves of Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin
图 7 四川盆地元坝地区二叠系茅口组油气成藏模式
Figure 7. Gas accumulation pattern of Permian Maokou Formation in Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin
表 1 四川盆地元坝地区二叠系茅口组及周边钻井二叠—三叠系天然气组分及同位素特征
Table 1. Natural gas composition and isotope characteristics of Permian Maokou Formation in Yuanba area and Permian-Triassic in surrounding wells, Sichuan Basin
井号 层位 井段/m C1/% C2/% C3/% C1/C1-5 N2/% CO2/% H2S/% δ13C1/‰ δ13C2/‰ δ13C3/‰ YB7井 茅三段 6 923~6 963 94.45 0.400 - 0.995 8 - 5.14 -28.9 -27.3 -26.6 93.41 0.470 - 0.995 0 0.06 6.04 -29.4 -27.9 -26.6 93.11 0.490 - 0.994 8 0.03 6.37 -29.2 -27.9 -26.8 94.35 0.390 - 0.995 8 - 5.24 -28.7 -27.7 -26.3 93.74 0.450 - 0.995 2 - 5.79 -29.1 -27.7 -26.6 95.94 0.410 0.02 0.995 5 0.23 3.38 0.000 769 95.96 0.410 0.02 0.995 5 0.23 3.37 0.000 029 95.95 0.410 0.02 0.995 5 0.23 3.37 0.000 003 YB7-C1井 茅三段 6 930~6 957 97.31 0.559 0.032 0.994 0 0.24 1.86 0.001 501 YB27井 长兴组 6 262~6 319 90.71 0.040 - 0.996 7 0.83 3.12 5.14 -28.9 -26.6 YB29井 长兴组 6 636~6 699 89.77 0.040 0.02 0.999 3 0.52 4.97 4.15 -28.9 -29.3 L4井 茅二段 98.45 0.95(C2+) 0.990 4 0.03 0.48 微量 -28.49 -34.6 98.45 0.95(C2+) 0.998 0 1.01 0.02 0.72 -34.8 L004-1 茅二段 96.87 0.13 - 0.998 7 1.34 0.81 0.806 96.94 0.14(C2+) 0.999 0 1.34 0.04 0.740 -31.55 -29.82 L16井 茅二段 91.97 0.13(C2+) 0.998 6 0.69 0.67 6.51 -28.7 -30.00 -33.40 98.12 0.3(C2+) 0.997 0 1.18 0.39 - -27.66 -26.27 97.42 0.14(C2+) 0.999 0 0.92 0.68 0.81 -30.87 -27.71 -28.94 注：L4，L004-1，L16井数据来源于参考文献[12]。 
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