Co-evolution simulation experiment of source rock fluid and reservoir rock and its geological implications: a case study of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, western Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 流体—岩石相互作用是致密砂岩油气藏形成的重要影响因素，深入研究流体—岩石相互作用对储层致密化的影响机制对厘清优质储层的分布规律尤为重要。以川西上三叠统须家河组为例，开展了封闭环境条件下，Ⅲ型烃源流体—长石石英砂岩储层协同演化模拟实验。Ⅲ型烃源岩生成的大量CO2在140℃或170℃储层地温条件下会导致砂岩储层中碳酸盐胶结物发育，是砂岩储层致密化的主要影响因素；烃源流体的滞留效应对储层致密化至关重要；封闭成岩体系下，致密油气勘探应以寻找有利于原生孔隙形成与保存的有利沉积相砂体为指向，在半开放—开放体系成岩环境下，应以寻找酸性流体优势运聚区次生孔隙发育的储层为指向。Abstract: Fluid-rock interaction is critical for the formation of tight sandstone reservoirs, contributing to illustrate the distribution of high-quality reservoirs. In this study, a simulation experiment on the co-evolution of type Ⅲ source rock fluids and feldspar-quartz sandstone reservoirs under sealed condition was carried out with the samples from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the western Sichuan province. A large amount of CO2 generated leads to the development of carbonate cements in sandstone reservoirs at temperature of~140 or 170℃, indicating the main factors for sandstone reservoir densification. The retention effect of hydrocarbon fluids plays a key role for reservoir densification. In the closed diagenetic system, tight oil and gas exploration should focus on locating favorable sedimentary sand bodies that are conducive to the formation and preservation of primary pores; while in a semi-open or open system, it should be directed to reservoirs with secondary pores in the dominant migration and accumulation areas of acid fluids.
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图 1 川西地区上三叠统须家河组长石石英砂岩微观特征
Figure 1. Microscopic characteristics of feldspathic quartz sandstones from Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, western Sichuan Basin
图 2 不同演化阶段烃源流体—砂岩反应后有机酸含量差别
Figure 2. Differences of organic acid content of fluids after source rock fluid-sandstone reaction in different evolution stages
图 3 不同演化阶段烃源流体—砂岩反应后流体pH值变化
B-0为注入地层水后暂未注入生烃流体的pH值
Figure 3. Changes in pH value of fluids from source rock fluid-sandstone reactions in different evolution stages
图 4 川西地区上三叠统须家河组烃源岩不同演化阶段CO2产率
Figure 4. Yields of CO2 from source rocks at different evolution stages, Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, western Sichuan Basin
图 5 不同演化阶段烃源岩流体—砂岩反应后流体CO2变化
Figure 5. Variation of CO2 content in fluid after source rock fluid-sandstone reaction in different evolution stages
图 6 不同演化阶段烃源岩流体—砂岩反应后流体Ca2+变化
Figure 6. Variation of Ca2+ content in fluid after source rock fluid-sandstone reaction in different evolution stages
图 7 不同演化阶段烃源流体—砂岩反应后孔隙度变化和渗透率变化
Figure 7. Porosity and permeability change of reservoir rock after source rock fluid-sandstone reaction in different evolution stages
图 8 不同演化阶段烃源流体—砂岩反应后矿物组成变化
Figure 8. Changes in mineral composition of reservoir rocks after source rock fluid-sandstone reaction in different evolution stages
图 9 四川盆地煤系储层孔隙度与碳酸盐矿物含量之间关系[17]
Figure 9. Relationship between porosity and carbonate content of coal measure reservoir in Sichuan Basin
表 1 协同演化模拟实验温压参数
Table 1. Temperature and pressure parameters of simulation experiment
烃源流体生成模拟 流体—储层相互作用模拟 埋深/m Ro/% 模拟温度/℃ 静岩压力/MPa 流体压力/MPa 储层样品编号 储层地温/℃ 储层围压/MPa 4 300 0.96 350 107.5 43.0~47.3 B-1 140 50 6 000 1.80 400 150.0 60.0~78.0 B-2 170 50 
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表 2 川西地区上三叠统须家河组储集岩样品物性参数
Table 2. Physical parameters of reservoir rock samples from Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, western Sichuan Basin
样品编号 岩性 孔隙度/% 视密度/(g·cm-3) 渗透率/(10-3 μm2) B-1 长石石英砂岩 22.33 2.06 91.9 B-2 长石石英砂岩 21.51 2.08 60.1
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