Depositional model and petroleum significance of the Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in Xinhe area on the southern slope of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
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摘要: 近年来，塔里木盆地库车坳陷南斜坡新和地区钻井揭示，白垩系亚格列木组在地层—岩性圈闭领域油气显示活跃、勘探潜力大，是下步战略突破的重要方向。基于岩心、测录井和三维地震资料，综合利用岩心相、测井相、小波变换、“印模法”古地貌恢复、地震相、地震属性及相干体切片的分析方法，对新和地区亚格列木组系统开展了层序与古地貌控制下的沉积体系研究。新和地区发育2种古地貌类型，即西侧多级坡折带斜坡古地貌和东侧逆冲断崖古地貌。亚格列木组可划为一个三级层序SQ1，其中包括低位域、湖侵域和高位域，分别对应该组3个逐期超覆于西侧斜坡的地震反射。亚格列木组在西侧多级坡折带斜坡之上发育低位域斜坡扇和高位域扇三角洲沉积，在东侧逆冲断崖之下发育湖侵域—高位域近岸水下扇沉积，断崖之上的侵蚀沟谷作为补给水道为其供源。新和地区发育三叠系克拉玛依组原地成熟烃源岩，且处于远源油气运移指向区，油气源和成藏条件优越。分布于逆冲断崖北侧的低位域斜坡扇和湖侵域—高位域近岸水下扇等“源上”地层—岩性圈闭勘探潜力大，可作为该区下一步隐蔽油气勘探的主要目标。Abstract: In recent years, drilling in Xinhe area on the southern slope of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin revealed that the Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation has active hydrocarbon display and high exploration potential in the field of stratigraphic-lithologic traps, which is an important direction for the next strategic breakthrough. Based on the core, well logs, drill cuttings and 3D seismic data, this paper integrated the analytical methods of core facies, electrofacies, wavelet transform, "impression method" paleogeomorphic restoring, seismic facies, seismic attributes, and coherence cube slicing to study the depositional system of the Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in Xinhe area under the sequence stratigraphic and paleogeomorphic controls. The study shows that there are two types of paleogeomorphology developed in Xinhe area: (ⅰ) western multi-stage slope breaks, and (ⅱ) eastern thrust cliff paleogeomorphology. The Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation can be classified as a third-order sequence SQ1, which includes the lowstand systems tract (LST), transgressive systems tract (TST) and highstand systems tract (HST), corresponding to the three-phase seismic reflections of this formation overlying the western slope, respectively. The LST slope fans and HST fan deltas of the Yageliemu Formation were deposited above the western multi-stage slope breaks, and TST-HST subaqueous nearshore fans were deposited below the eastern thrust cliff, with erosional valleys on the cliff serving as the feeder channels and providing sources for the subaqueous fans. In situ mature hydrocarbon source rocks of the Triassic Karamay Formation are developed in Xinhe area, which is the migration direction of oil and gas far away from hydrocarbon source, indicating excellent source rocks and reservoir forming conditions. The stratigraphic-lithologic traps of the LST slope fan and TST-HST subaqueous nearshore fan located in the northern part of the thrust cliff are lying on the Triassic source rocks and have great exploration potential, which can serve as the main targets for the next subtle oil and gas exploration in this area.
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Key words:
- sequence /
- impression method /
- slope fan /
- thrust cliff /
- subaqueous nearshore fan /
- southern slope of Kuqa Depression /
- Tarim Basin
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图 1 塔里木盆地库车坳陷南斜坡大地构造位置(a)、新和及周缘地区构造单元、钻井(b)、地层结构剖面A-A’(c)及地层岩性柱状图(d)
Figure 1. Tectonic location of the southern slope of Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin (a), structural units and wells in Xinhe and adjacent areas (b), stratigraphic cross section A-A' (c) and stratigraphic lithological column (d)
图 2 塔里木盆地库车坳陷新和地区白垩系亚格列木组地层厚度等值线
平面图位置见图 1b。
Figure 2. Formation thickness contours of Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in Xinhe area of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
图 3 塔里木盆地库车坳陷新和地区XH3井的井震标定结果
Figure 3. Well-to-seismic calibration results of well XH3 in Xinhe area of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
图 4 塔里木盆地库车坳陷新和地区过XH3井地震剖面(a)和白垩系亚格列木组区域地震层序地层格架(b)
Figure 4. Seismic section intersecting well XH3 (a) and regional seismic sequence stratigraphic framework of Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation (b) in Xinhe area of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
图 5 塔里木盆地库车坳陷新和地区XH3井白垩系亚格列木组的单井层序地层格架
Figure 5. Single-well sequence stratigraphic framework of Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation of well XH3 in Xinhe area of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
图 6 塔里木盆地库车坳陷新和地区白垩系沉积前多级坡折带斜坡和逆冲断崖古地貌的立体与平面显示(a-b)及典型地震剖面图(c-d)
Figure 6. Three-dimensional and planar views (a-b) as well as typical seismic sections (c-d) of pre-Cretaceous multi-stage slope break and thrust cliff paleogeomorphology in Xinhe area of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
图 7 塔里木盆地库车坳陷新和地区白垩系亚格列木组斜坡扇的地震剖面特征
Figure 7. Seismic section characteristics of slope fans in Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in Xinhe area of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
图 8 塔里木盆地库车坳陷新和地区XH3井白垩系亚格列木组扇三角洲测录井(a)、岩心整桶(b)和单块岩心(c-d)特征
Figure 8. Well logs, drill cuttings (a), core box shot (b) and single core (c-d) characteristics of fan delta from Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation of well XH3 in Xinhe area of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
图 9 塔里木盆地库车坳陷新和地区沿T50不整合面相干体切片(a)及新和古凸起之上侵蚀沟谷的地震剖面特征(b-d)
Figure 9. Coherence cube slicing (a) of T50 unconformity in Xinhe area of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin and seismic section characteristics of incised valleys on Xinhe Uplift (b-d)
图 10 塔里木盆地库车坳陷新和地区白垩系亚格列木组近岸水下扇地震剖面特征
Figure 10. Seismic section characteristics of subaqueous nearshore fans in Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in Xinhe area of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
图 11 塔里木盆地库车坳陷新和地区白垩系亚格列木组SQ1层序低位域(a-b)、湖侵域(c-d)、高位域(e-f)瞬时频率地震属性切片和沉积相展布
Figure 11. Instantaneous frequency seismic attribute slices and sedimentary facies distribution of LST (a-b), TST (c-d), and HST (e-f) of SQ1 sequence of Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in Xinhe area of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
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