Evolution and resource potential of Permian source rocks in the southern depression of the South Yellow Sea Basin
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摘要: 南黄海盆地南部坳陷二叠系烃源岩已被证实为较好—好烃源岩。为厘清该烃源岩热演化和生烃过程，在分析近年来古生界油气勘探及研究成果的基础上，选择合适的地质参数，利用TSM盆地模拟方法，对其热演化及生排烃过程进行分析，进而对该区二叠系烃源岩油气资源潜力进行评价。研究表明，分布在南部坳陷新生代断陷内的二叠系烃源岩经历了两次生排烃过程，初次生排烃发生在晚三叠世至早侏罗世，二次生排烃主要发生在古近纪；而分布在隆起区的二叠系烃源岩只经历了第一次生排烃过程。二叠系烃源岩总资源规模达20.76×108 t，资源丰度达12.2×104 t/km2，达到中等丰度级别，能够为油气田的形成提供一定的物质基础。整个南部坳陷二叠系烃源岩二次生烃资源量占总资源量的30.4%，而在新生代断陷中，其二次生烃量占总资源量的比例可达55%，因此，发育二叠系烃源岩及新生界烃源岩的新生代断陷是有利的油气勘探区。Abstract: The Permian source rocks in the southern depression of the South Yellow Sea Basin have been proved to be fair-good source rocks. Based on the analysis of recent Paleozoic oil and gas exploration and research results, the thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation process of Permian source rocks was analyzed by selecting appropriate geological parameters and using TSM basin simulation method, and then the potential of oil and gas resources was evaluated. The research shows that the Permian source rocks distributed in Cenozoic fault depression in the southern depression experienced a two-stage hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process. The first hydrocarbon generation and expulsion occurred from the Late Triassic to the Early-Middle Jurassic and the secondary hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mainly occurred in Paleogene. However, the Permian source rocks distributed in the uplift area only experienced the first hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process. The Permian source rocks have a total resource scale of 20.76×108 t and a resource abundance of 12.2×104 t/km2, reaching a medium abundance level, which can provide a certain material basis for the formation of oil and gas fields. The secondary hydrocarbon generation resources of the Permian source rocks in the whole southern depression account for 30.4% of the total resources, but it can reach 55% in the Cenozoic fault depression. The Cenozoic fault depression with Permian source rocks and Cenozoic source rocks developed is a favorable exploration area.
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图 2 南黄海盆地上古生界地层综合柱状图
Figure 2. Stratigraphic column of Upper Paleozoic in South Yellow Sea Basin
图 3 南黄海盆地南部坳陷二叠系烃源岩厚度分布
Figure 3. Thickness of Permian source rocks in southern depression of South Yellow Sea Basin
图 4 冀中坳陷廊固凹陷古近系沙河街组Ⅱ2型泥岩产烃率和排油率曲线
据秦建中2005数据[29]编制。
Figure 4. Hydrocarbon production rate and oil displacement rate curves of type Ⅱ2 mudstones in Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Langgu Sag, Jizhong Depression
图 5 四川盆地广元地区二叠系茅口组Ⅱ型泥灰岩样品产烃率和排油率曲线
Figure 5. Hydrocarbon production rate and oil displacement rate curves of type Ⅱ mudstones in Permian Maokou Formation in Guangyuan area, Sichuan Basin
图 6 南黄海盆地南部坳陷虚拟井埋藏史及热史
虚拟井a，b位置见图 1。
Figure 6. Burial and thermal history of virtual wells in southern depression of South Yellow Sea Basin
图 7 南黄海盆地南部坳陷二叠系烃源岩阶段排烃量
Figure 7. Hydrocarbon expulsion of Permian source rocks in southern depression of South Yellow Sea Basin
表 1 南黄海盆地南部坳陷二叠系不同时期油气资源量
Table 1. Oil and gas resources in different periods of Permian in southern depression of South Yellow Sea Basin
106 t 层位 油资源量 气资源量 油气资源量合计 早期油资源量 晚期油资源量 油资源量 早期气资源量 晚期气资源量 气资源量 上二叠统 652.1 157.0 809.1 1.4 0.8 2.2 811.3 下二叠统 791.0 473.4 1 264.4 0.1 0.5 0.6 1 265.0 共计 1 443.1 630.4 2 073.5 1.5 1.3 2.8 2 076.3 
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