Characteristics and controlling factors of heavy oil distribution in Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
-
摘要: 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷原油类型多样，但以稠油为主，其油气储量和产量均占该坳陷总量的50%以上。研究辽河坳陷油藏稠变的成因机理，进而搞清稠油的分布规律，对后继勘探开发具有重要的意义。依据辽河油田多年稠油油藏勘探开发形成的系统认识，对稠油油藏的“边、浅、松、早、降、失、盖”等地质特征开展研究；并从构造格局、储层特征、油藏埋深、地下流体、封盖条件和氧化及生物降解作用等方面对稠油分布和稠变原因进行探讨，厘清辽河坳陷油藏稠变机理及主控因素。研究发现，构造格局是控制稠油分布的决定因素，储层、埋深、地下流体和盖层等地质条件是控制原油稠变的重要因素，生物降解和氧化作用是稠变的必要条件。辽河坳陷油气藏具有明显的环洼分布规律，围绕生油洼陷由内向外存在3个环带，内带以天然气、凝析油为主，埋深一般大于3 500 m；中带以稀油为主，局部富集天然气及稠油，埋深在1 700~3 500 m；外带以稠油为主，埋深一般小于1 700 m。Abstract: There are various types of crude oil in the Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, among which heavy oil accounts for more than 50% of the oil and gas reserves and production. Therefore, it is of great significance for future exploration and development to study the main controlling factors of oil densification in the Liaohe Depression and to understand the distribution pattern of heavy oil. Based on the systematic understanding of heavy oil reservoir exploration and development in Liaohe oilfield for decades of years, and by aiming at the geological characteristics of heavy oil reservoirs such as "edge, shallow, unconsolidated, early, falling, loss, capping", this paper discusses the distribution and densification reasons of heavy oil from six aspects, including structural pattern, reservoir characteristics, reservoir burial depth, underground fluid, capping conditions, oxidation and biodegradation. The densification mechanism and controlling factors of heavy oil reservoirs in the Liaohe Depression are basically clarified. Through the study of heavy oil densification factors, it is found that structural pattern is the main factor controlling heavy oil distribution, geological conditions such as reservoir, burial depth, underground fluid and cap rocks are important factors controlling heavy oil densification, while biodegradation and oxidation are the keys for heavy oil densification. Oil and gas reservoirs accumulate around sags in the Liaohe Depression. There are three rings around the oil-generating sags from the inside to the outside. The inner zone is dominated by natural gas and condensate gas, and the buried depth is generally more than 3 500 m. The middle zone is dominated by light oil, partially enriched with natural gas and heavy oil, with a buried depth of 1 700-3 500 m. The outer zone is dominated by heavy oil, and the buried depth is generally less than 1 700 m.
-
图 1 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷原油(气)类型平面分布及稠油综合柱状图
Figure 1. Plane distribution of various grades of crude oil (gas) and composite histogram of heavy oil in Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 2 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷西部凹陷曙光一区各层系油藏分布
Figure 2. Distribution of oil reservoirs in Shu 1 area of western sag, Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 3 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷西部凹陷南部地区沉积相与油气分布
Figure 3. Sedimentary facies and oil-gas distribution in the southern part of the western sag, Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 4 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷地层水总矿化度(a)和原油比重(b)随深度变化及分带特征
Figure 4. Variation and zoning characteristics of total mineralization of formation water (a) and crude oil specific gravity (b) with depth in Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 5 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷承压水动力平面分布特征示意
Figure 5. Plane distribution of confined hydrodynamic forces in Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 6 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷西部凹陷油气平面分布
Figure 6. Plane distribution of oil and gas in the western sag, Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 7 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷过葵花6—燕南2井油藏剖面示意
Figure 7. Reservoir profile from well KH 6 to YN 2 in Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
表 1 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷西部凹陷不同沉积类型稠油储层岩性与物性数据
Table 1. Lithology and physical properties of heavy oil reservoirs of different sedimentary types in the western sag, Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
-
[1] 徐矛唐, 牟易中. 对辽河油田西斜坡稠油成因的分析[J]. 石油学报, 1983, 4(3): 12. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB198303001.htmXU Maotang, MOU Yizhong. Analysisi on the genesis of heavy oil in the west slope of Liaohe Oilfield[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1983, 4(3): 12. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB198303001.htm [2] 卢松年, 李伟民, 郜建军, 等. 辽河盆地西部凹陷下第三系原油和生油岩的生物标记化合物研究[J]. 地球科学(武汉地质学院学报), 1986, 11(3): 295-302. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX198603015.htmLU Songnian, LI Weimin, GAO Jianjun, et al. The biological markers in the crude oil and source rocks of Lower Tertiary from western depression, Liaohe Basin[J]. Earth Science(Journal of Wuhan College of Geology), 1986, 11(3): 295-302. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX198603015.htm [3] 邱振馨. 辽河断陷稠油油藏的分布规律[J]. 断块油气田, 1995, 2(2): 4-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT199502001.htmQIU Zhenxin. Distribution of the viscous oil reservoir in Liaohe Rift Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 1995, 2(2): 4-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT199502001.htm [4] 胡见义, 徐树宝, 程克明. 中国重质油藏的地质和地球化学成因[J]. 石油学报, 1989, 10(1): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB198901000.htmHU Jianyi, XU Shubao, CHENG Keming. Geological and geochemical origin of the heavy oil reservoirs in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1989, 10(1): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB198901000.htm [5] 李素梅, 庞雄奇, 高先志, 等. 辽河西部凹陷稠油成因机制[J]. 中国科学(D辑地球科学), 2008, 38(S1): 138-149. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK2008S1017.htmLI Sumei, PANG Xiongqi, LIU Keyu, et al. Formation mechanismsof heavy oils in the Liaohe Western Depression, Bohai Gulf Basin[J]. Science in China (Series D Earth Sciences), 2008, 51(S2): 156-169. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK2008S1017.htm [6] 牛嘉玉, 翁维瑾, 徐树宝, 等. 辽河西部凹陷重油聚集条件与原油稠变特征[J]. 石油学报, 1990, 11(4): 17-24. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB199004002.htmNIU Jiayu, WENG Weijin, XU Shubao, et al. Heavy oil accumulation and thickening characteristics of oils in Liaohexibu Depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1990, 11(4): 17-24. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB199004002.htm [7] 杜殿发, 张雪, 束青林, 等. 中高渗透边水稠油油藏产液能力论证与应用[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2021, 28(6): 46-53. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS202106006.htmDU Dianfa, ZHANG Xue, SHU Qinglin, et al. Demonstration andapplication of liquid-producing capacity in medium-high permeability heavy oil reservoirs with edge water[J]. Petroleum Geo-logy and Recovery Efficiency, 2021, 28(6): 46-53. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS202106006.htm [8] 李二庭, 史权, 马聪, 等. 生物降解稠油极性化合物负离子电喷雾傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱分析[J]. 石油实验地质, 2022, 44(3): 515-521. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202203515LI Erting, SHI Quan, MA Cong, et al. Analysis of polar compounds in biodegraded heavy oil by negative ion electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2022, 44(3): 515-521. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202203515 [9] 蔡国刚, 鞠俊成. 辽河西部凹陷稠油成藏机制及深化勘探方法探讨[J]. 特种油气藏, 2010, 17(4): 35-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ201004010.htmCAI Guogang, JU Juncheng. An approach to heavy oil accumulation mechanism and in-depth exploration in western LiaoheDepression[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2010, 17(4): 35-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ201004010.htm [10] 魏喜, 李学万, 崔向东. 辽河油区稠油储层砂岩特征及原油微观分布[J]. 特种油气藏, 1995, 2(1): 47-56. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ501.008.htmWEI Xi, LI Xuewan, CUI Xiangdong. The sandstone characte-rization of heavy oil reservoir and micro distribution of crude oil in Liaohe oil zone[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 1995, 2(1): 47-56. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ501.008.htm [11] CONNAN J. Biodegradation of crude oils in reservoirs[M]//BROOKS J, WELTE D H. Advances in petroleum geochemistry. London: Academic Press, 1984: 299-330. [12] 方朝亮, 张一伟, 张枝焕. 冷东—雷家地区重质稠油地球化学特征及成因分析[J]. 石油实验地质, 1994, 16(4): 354-365. doi: 10.11781/sysydz199404354FANG Chaoliang, ZHANG Yiwei, ZHANG Zhihuan. Ceochemicalcharacteristics and genetic analysis of heavy viscous oil in the Lengdong Leijia area[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 1994, 16(4): 354-365. doi: 10.11781/sysydz199404354 [13] 邱桂强, 李素梅, 庞雄奇, 等. 东营凹陷北部陡坡带稠油地球化学特征与成因[J]. 地质学报, 2004, 78(6): 854-862. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE200406017.htmQIU Guiqiang, LI Sumei, PANG Xiongqi, et al. Characteristics and genetic mechanisms of heavy oils on the north steep slope of the Dongying Depression in the Bohai Bay Basin, East China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2004, 78(6): 854-862. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE200406017.htm [14] 杨勇. 胜利油田稠油开发技术新进展及发展方向[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2021, 28(6): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS202106001.htmYANG Yong. New progress and next development directions of heavy oil development technologies in Shengli Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2021, 28(6): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS202106001.htm [15] 于兰兄, 张庆龙, 冯昕, 等. 断层在辽河曙一区超稠油油藏形成中的作用[J]. 大庆石油学院学报, 2005, 29(6): 21-24. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQSY200506006.htmYU Lanxiong, ZHANG Qinglong, FENG Xin, et al. Effect of fault on the process of super heavy-oil reservoir formation of Shu 1block in Liaohe Basin[J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute, 2005, 29(6): 21-24. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQSY200506006.htm [16] 张风霄. 沾化凹陷三合村洼陷沙三段稠油储层研究[D]. 青岛: 中国石油大学, 2015.ZHANG Fengxiao. Research on characteristics of heavy-oil reservoir in Es3 in Sanhecun Sub-sag of Zhanhua Sag[D]. Qingdao: China University of Petroleum(East China), 2015. [17] 陈振岩, 满安静, 陈星州, 等. 沉积盆地水文地质与砂岩型铀矿成矿关系: 以松辽盆地开鲁坳陷砂岩型铀矿为例[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2021, 45(6): 1174-1184. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGYK202106007.htmCHEN Zhenyan, MAN Anjing, CHEN Xingzhou, et al. Relationship between hydrogeology and sandstone uranium mineralization in sedimentary basin: a case study of sandstone uranium survey in the Kailu Depression of the Songliao Basin[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2021, 45(6): 1174-1184. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGYK202106007.htm [18] 蔡盼盼. 辽东湾地区稠油藏形成和主控因素研究[D]. 青岛: 中国石油大学, 2017.CAI Panpan. A study on formation mechanisim and main controlling factors of the heavy oil reservoirs in Liaodong Bay area[D]. Qingdao: China University of Petroleum (East China), 2017. [19] 袁清秋. 辽河盆地西部凹陷稠油形成条件分析[J]. 特种油气藏, 2004, 11(1): 31-33. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ200401009.htmYUAN Qingqiu. Analysis of heavy oil genetic conditions in the western sag of Liaohe Basin[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2004, 11(1): 31-33. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ200401009.htm [20] 张守昌. 辽河油区原油稠变的影响因素分析[J]. 特种油气藏, 2004, 11(5): 24-26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ200405010.htmZHANG Shouchang. Influence factors of crude oil densification in Liaohe oil province[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2004, 11(5): 24-26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ200405010.htm [21] 邓运华. 渤海油区稠油成因探讨[J]. 中国海上油气, 2006, 18(6): 361-364. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHSD200606000.htmDENG Yunhua. A discussion on the origin of heavy oil in Bohai oil province[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2006, 18(6): 361-364. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHSD200606000.htm [22] 陈振岩, 苏晓捷. 辽河西部凹陷船舱式油气运聚系统特征初探[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2003, 30(4): 1-4. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200304000.htmCHEN Zhenyan, SU Xiaojie. Cabin-type oil and gas migration characteristics of the Western Sag, Liaohe Depression[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2003, 30(4): 1-4. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200304000.htm [23] 刘伟, 唐大卿, 陈明月, 等. 松辽盆地南部孤店断陷断裂构造特征及演化[J]. 断块油气田, 2022, 29(6): 816-823. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202206015.htmLIU Wei, TANG Daqing, CHEN Mingyue, et al. Fault structure characteristics and evolution in the Gudian fault depression, southern Songliao Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2022, 29(6): 816-823. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202206015.htm [24] 李晓光, 陈永成, 李玉金, 等. 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷油气勘探历程与启示[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2021, 42(3): 291-301. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD202103006.htmLI Xiaoguang, CHEN Yongcheng, LI Yujin, et al. Petroleum exploration history and enlightenment of Liaohe depression in Bohai Bay basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(3): 291-301. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD202103006.htm -
下载:
图(7) / 表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 426
- HTML全文浏览量: 241
- PDF下载量: 62
- 被引次数: 0
苏公网安备32021102000780号