Siliceous and calcareous sources in marine high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks: skeleton-wall-shell of organism and their debris
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摘要: 应用超显微有机岩石学等技术，从生物分子构成及其稳定性的角度，探讨硅质、钙质骨壁壳等生物碎屑与优质烃源岩的关系。常见的具有生物硅及硅质衍生物的生物主要是放射虫等原生动物、海绵动物、硅藻、金藻及某些似鱼鳞藻疑源类等浮游藻类的硅质骨壁壳及其碎屑。在优质烃源岩中能保存下来的生物钙主要来源于浮游有孔虫、翼足虫等动物和颗石藻等浮游藻类或疑源类的钙质骨壁壳及其碎屑。这些生物硅质、钙质骨壁壳碎屑颗粒中常常含有不等量的有机质(果胶或硬蛋白，相当于Ⅲ型有机质)，高成熟—过成熟阶段可生成一定量烃气，并可保存于生物结构的原生孔隙中。Abstract: Using techniques such as ultra-microscopic organic petrology, the study explores the relationship between bioclasts such as siliceous and calcareous skeleton-wall-shell organism and high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in terms of their biomolecular composition and stability. Common organisms containing biosilica and siliceous derivatives are mainly radiolarians and other protozoa, sponges, diatoms, chrysophytes, and the siliceous skeleton-wall-shell and debris of some planktonic algae like scales-bearing dinoflagellates. The biogenic calcium preserved in high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks is mainly derived from calcareous skeleton-wall-shell and their debris of animals such as planktonic foraminifera and pteropods and planktonic algae like coccolithophores or acritarchs. These biogenic siliceous and calcareous skeleton-wall-shell debris particles often contain varying amounts of organic matter (pectin or scleroprotein, equivalent to type Ⅲ organic matter), which can generate a certain amount of hydrocarbons at high to over-mature stages and can be preserved in the native pores of biological structures.
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图 1 海相优质烃源岩中典型放射虫硅质骨骼及其碎屑超显微照片
a.河坝1井(HB1-6)，P2l，黑色泥灰岩(岩心)，放射虫硅质碎屑+有孔虫钙质碎屑，反射光显微照片，×200；b.放射虫硅质骨骼及其碎屑，反射光显微照片，×200。
Figure 1. Ultra-micrographs of typical radiolarian siliceous skeletons and their debris in marine high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks
图 2 海相优质烃源岩中典型海绵硅质骨针及其碎屑反射光显微照片(×200)
Figure 2. Reflective light microphotographs of typical sponge siliceous spicules and their debris in marine high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks (×200)
图 3 海相优质烃源岩中典型硅藻和疑源类的硅质壁壳及其碎屑扫描电镜微观结构照片
a.硅藻；b.桦甸E井，油页岩中的硅藻；c.通江剖面TJ-07-64井，－C1n，硅质疑源类(似鱼鳞藻)；d.华蓥山LF-10井，O3w，硅质疑源类(似鱼鳞藻)，酸液处理。
Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of siliceous wall-shell and their debris of typical diatoms and acritarchs in marine high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks
图 4 海相优质烃源岩中代表性的浮游有孔虫(抱球虫)化石扫描电镜照片
Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of representative planktonic foraminifera (globigerinida) fossils in high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks
图 5 海相优质烃源岩中单细胞浮游球藻或疑源类的钙质遗骸
a-d.单细胞浮游球藻或疑源类的钙质遗骸示意图；e.云南禄劝尖山LQ-1井，D2，黑色页岩，钙质生屑(蓝藻类钙质壁壳?)，扫描电子显微镜照片，×1 500。
Figure 5. Calcareous remains of unicellular planktonic algae or acritarchs in marine high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks
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