塔里木盆地西南山前坳陷恰探1井二叠系天然气成因和来源

黄礼; 赵颖; 吕惠贤; 谢小敏; 黎立; 肖七林; 王张虎; 陈果; 孟强

doi:10.11781/sysydz2024061286

塔里木盆地西南山前坳陷恰探1井二叠系天然气成因和来源

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2024061286

黄礼^1,,
赵颖²,
吕惠贤¹,
谢小敏²,
黎立¹,
肖七林²,
王张虎²,
陈果²,
孟强^2, ,

1.
中国石油塔里木油田公司, 新疆库尔勒 841000
2.
长江大学资源与环境学院油气地球化学与环境湖北省重点实验室, 武汉 430100

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41903013

校企合作项目 041021090118

油气地球化学与环境湖北省重点实验室开放基金 HKLPGE-202308

详细信息

作者简介:
黄礼(1996—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 从事油气地质综合研究。E-mail: huangli-tlm@petrochina.com.cn

通讯作者:
孟强(1989—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 从事天然气地球化学研究。E-mail: mengqiang@yangtzeu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE122.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-20
- 修回日期: 2024-09-26
- 刊出日期: 2024-11-28

Genesis and source of Permian natural gas in well Qiatan-1 of piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

1.
Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China
2.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China

摘要

摘要: 近期，塔里木盆地西南山前坳陷恰探1井在西天山冲断带二叠系碳酸盐岩地层取得了天然气勘探的重大突破，标志着塔西南山前地区一个全新勘探层系的发现。然而，该区存在多套烃源岩，且具有异常复杂的沉积和构造特征，对于恰探1井天然气成因及来源的研究十分薄弱，制约了其下一步天然气的勘探部署。为此，基于区域地质背景、天然气地球化学特征、潜在烃源岩特征等系统开展了恰探1井天然气成因及其来源研究。实测结果表明，恰探1井天然气以甲烷为主(83.53%)，气体干燥系数(C₁/C_1-5)为0.992，具有较高含量的N₂(8.36%)、CO₂(7.28%)和He(0.110%)。天然气中甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和CO₂的碳同位素值分别为-27.8‰、-20.2‰、-18.4‰、1.7‰。基于天然气组分、烷烃碳/氢同位素组成等综合判识认为，恰探1井天然气为高—过成熟阶段的煤型气。结合潜在烃源岩的分布、有机质丰度、类型、热成熟度特征认为，该井天然气主要来源于二叠系棋盘组烃源岩，可能还混入了少量碳同位素组成更重的无机烃类气体。另外，N₂、CO₂等非烃气体及He同位素证据均表明恰探1井天然气有一定比例的无机气体混入，幔源氦比例约占14.6%，其氦含量已达到富氦天然气(He≥0.100%)标准。
- 天然气 /
- 碳同位素 /
- 氢同位素 /
- 无机成因气 /
- 煤型气 /
- 二叠系 /
- 塔西南
Abstract: Recently, a significant breakthrough in natural gas exploration was achieved in well Qiatan-1 in the Permian carbonate strata of the Western Tianshan thrust belt in the piedmont depression of southwestern Tarim Basin, marking the discovery of a new exploration layer in the area. However, this region is characterized by multiple sets of source rocks and extremely complex sedimentary and structural features. Research on the genesis and source of the natural gas in well Qiatan-1 is insufficient, restricting its further natural gas exploration. Therefore, the study systematically investigated the genesis and source of the natural gas in well Qiatan-1 based on regional geological background, geochemical characteristics of the gas, and potential source rock features. The measured results showed that the natural gas in well Qiatan-1 was mainly composed of methane (83.53%), with a gas dryness coefficient (C₁/C_1-5) of 0.992, and contained relatively high levels of N₂ (8.36%), CO₂ (7.28%), and He (0.110%). The carbon isotope values of methane, ethane, propane, and CO₂ in the gas were -27.8‰, -20.2‰, -18.4‰, and 1.7‰, respectively. Based on the natural gas composition and alkane carbon/hydrogen isotope composition, the natural gas in well Qiatan-1 was determined to be coal-type gas in the high to over-mature stage. Considering the distribution, organic matter abundance, type, thermal maturity of its potential source rocks, the gas in this well was mainly sourced from Permian source rocks in the Permian Qipan Formation, and may also be mixed with a small amount of carbon isotopes, forming heavier inorganic hydrocarbon gases. In addition, the components and isotopic evidence of non-hydrocarbon gases such as N₂, CO₂, and He showed that a certain proportion of inorganic gas had mixed into the natural gas in well Qiatan-1. The helium isotopic composition suggested that the proportion of mantle-derived helium was about 14.6%, and the He content had reached the standard for helium-rich natural gas (He ≥ 0.100%).
- natural gas /
- carbon isotope /
- hydrogen isotope /
- inorganic genetic gas /
- coal-type gas /
- Permian /
- southwestern Tarim Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors'Contributions

黄礼、吕惠贤、谢小敏、孟强参与实验设计；赵颖、黎立、肖七林、王张虎、陈果完成实验操作；黄礼、孟强参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The experiment was designed by HUANG Li, LÜ Huixian, XIE Xiaomin, and MENG Qiang. The experimental operation was completed by ZHAO Ying, LI Li, XIAO Qilin, WANG Zhanghu, and CHEN Guo. The manuscript was drafted and revised by HUANG Li and MENG Qiang. All authors have read the last version of the paper and consented to its submission.

HTML全文

图 1 塔里木盆地西南山前坳陷恰探1井气藏构造位置

据参考文献[7]修改。

Figure 1. Structural location of gas reservoir in well Qiatan-1 of piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

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图 2 塔西南山前坳陷天然气烷烃碳同位素序列

Figure 2. Alkane carbon isotope sequence of natural gas in piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

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图 3 塔西南山前坳陷天然气的甲烷和乙烷、乙烷和丙烷碳同位素组成相关性

Figure 3. Correlation of carbon isotope compositions between methane and ethane, and between ethane and propane in natural gas from piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

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图 4 塔西南山前坳陷天然气甲烷碳同位素组成与C₁/C₂₊₃关系

据参考文献[33, 42]修改。

Figure 4. Relationship between methane carbon isotope composition and C₁/C₂₊₃ in natural gas from piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim BasinRelationship between methane carbon isotope composition and C₁/C₂₊₃ in natural gas from piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

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图 5 塔西南山前坳陷天然气甲烷碳、氢同位素(a)，甲烷氢同位素和乙烷碳同位素(b)组成特征

图版参考自文献[43]。

Figure 5. Compositional characteristics of methane carbon and hydrogen isotopes (a), methane hydrogen and ethane carbon isotopes (b) in natural gas from piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

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图 6 塔西南山前坳陷天然气甲烷和乙烷含量关系

Figure 6. Relationship between methane and ethane content in natural gas from piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

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图 7 塔西南山前坳陷烃源岩分布及其厚度等值线

Figure 7. Distribution and thickness isolines of source rocks in piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

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图 8 塔里木盆地喀什凹陷及周缘地区烃源岩干酪根碳同位素组成

Figure 8. Carbon isotope composition of kerogen in source rocks from Kashi Sag and surrounding areas, Tarim Basin

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图 9 塔西南山前坳陷天然气中N₂含量和CO₂含量的关系

Figure 9. Relationship between N₂ and CO₂ contents in natural gas from piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

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图 10 塔西南山前坳陷天然气中CO₂含量和碳同位素特征

成因划分依据参考文献[29-30]。

Figure 10. CO₂ content and carbon isotope composition of natural gas in piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

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表 1 塔里木盆地西南山前坳陷天然气地球化学特征

Table 1. Geochemical characteristics of natural gas in piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

区域	井号	深度/m	层位	气体组分/%									δ¹³C_VPDB/‰						δD_VSMOW/‰
区域	井号	深度/m	层位	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	iC₄H₁₀	nC₄H₁₀	iC₅H₁₂	nC₅H₁₂	N₂	CO₂	CH₄	CO₂	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	iC₄H₁₀	nC₄H₁₀	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈
乌恰	恰探1¹	5 702~5 760	P₁t	79.76	0.57	0.07	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	8.26	11.17	-27.2	2.7	-19.8	-17.8	-16.7	-17.3	-145
	恰探1²	5 702~5 760	P₁t	81.08	0.57	0.07	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	8.45	9.66	-28.2	1.9	-20.2	-18.5	-15.9	-18.0	-142
	恰探1³	5 702~5 760	P₁t	85.87	0.61	0.07	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	8.52	4.74	-27.6	2.0	-20.2	-18.2	-16.4	-18.0	-142
	恰探1⁴	5 702~5 760	P₁t	87.40	0.61	0.07	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	8.21	3.54	-28.1	0.2	-20.5	-19.2	-18.2	-19.0	-143
	恰探1	5 237~5 241	P₁q	2.55	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	97.09	0.34	-31.6	-18.5	-24.0				-145
	恰探1	5 252~5 257	P₁q	6.57	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	93.08	0.32	-31.5	-17.9	-22.5				-142
	恰探1	5 301~5 309	P₁q	5.71	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	93.94	0.31	-32.4	-17.6	-22.4				-142	-85
阿克莫木	阿克101		K₂	74.54	0.30	0.03	0.03				7.96	17.01	-25.8	-3.2	-22.8				-137	-67
阿克莫木	阿克401		K₂	75.49	0.39	0.05	0.05				7.43	16.45	-26.0	-2.6	-22.4				-146	-190	-168
康苏	康苏6	6 203.32		59.71	13.59	10.05	1.56	2.75	0.65	0.54	10.40	0.74	-47.9	-24.4	-31.7	-29.2	-30.4	-28.1	-225	-191	-168
康苏	康苏6	6 212.32		59.32	14.86	10.05	1.49	2.72	0.65	0.53	10.36	0.01	-48.1		-31.8	-29.1	-30.2	-28.3	-225
棋北	昆探1	7 046.5~7 054.5	C₂t	17.25	0.15	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.09	0.05	0.16	82.35	-29.5	0.9	-22.1	-19.9	-20.1	-19.3
棋北	昆探1	7 046.5~7 054.5	C₂t	11.50	0.01							88.23	-28.4	2.0
甫沙	甫沙8	3 859.5~3 877.5	J₁s	63.95	16.26	7.39	0.78	2.16	0.25	0.53	8.60	0.08	-42.2		-31.3	-29.6	-30.0	-29.6
甫沙	甫沙8	3 859.5~3 877.5	J₁s	63.38	15.29	6.56	0.65	1.70	0.18	0.35	11.85	0.04	-42.7		-31.1	-29.6	-29.3	-29.4
柯克亚	柯300		N₁x	79.91	7.48	2.21	0.44	1.22	0.43	1.00	6.04	0.32	-38.8		-26.3	-24.7	-25.6	-25.7	-168	-137	-118
	柯516		N₁x	79.39	8.45	2.07	0.42	1.17	0.49	1.10	6.33	0.35	-38.8		-26.3	-24.9	-26.0	-25.9	-168	-140	-116
	柯7102		N₁x	83.59	7.15	2.30	0.40	0.91	0.19	0.38	4.36	0.42	-37.6		-25.9	-24.4	-26.3	-25.4	-166	-137	-121
	柯412		N₁x	82.95	7.47	2.27	0.35	0.72	0.13	0.28	5.13	0.30	-37.9		-26.1	-24.5	-26.3	-25.8	-166	-139	-119
	柯301		N₁x	87.20	7.32	1.04	0.04	0.09	0.02	0.06	3.89	0.21	-37.1		-26.0	-24.0		-26.4	-166	-138	-94
	柯7102		N₁x	83.36	7.05	2.47	0.48	1.13	0.24	0.52	3.61	0.62	-37.6		-25.9	-24.4	-26.3	-25.4	-166	-138	-118
	柯7010		N₁x	85.57	7.11	1.69	0.24	0.51	0.10	0.20	4.04	0.29	-37.4		-26.0	-24.2	-26.3	-25.4	-166	-138	-113
	柯233		N₁x	80.10	8.31	2.68	0.44	0.96	0.19	0.37	6.27	0.27	-38.8		-26.4	-24.6	-26.1	-26.3	-168	-155	-121
柯深	柯深101	6 354~6 363	E₂k	88.97	5.60	1.50	1.02				2.38	0.52	-35.6	-9.6	-24.2	-25.3
	柯深102	6 277~6 328	E₂k	88.84	5.88	1.80	0.96				1.89	0.00	-35.0		-27.7	-24.7			-154	-125	-111
	柯深101	6 807~6 835	K₁kz	80.65	1.46	0.07	0.03				17.66	0.12	-38.4		-24.9
注：¹为2023年2月26日08：30时取样；²为2023年2月26日16：30时取样；³为2023年3月1日08：30时取样；⁴为2023年3月1日16：30时取样。C₂t为石炭系塔哈奇组；E₂k为古近系卡拉塔尔组。

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表 2 塔里木盆地西南山前坳陷天然气中的稀有气体地球化学特征

Table 2. Geochemical characteristics of rare gases in natural gas from piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

井名/地区	层位	深度/m	He/%	Ar/%	³He/⁴He/10^-8	R/Ra	幔源He/%
恰探1井	P₁t	5 702~2 760	0.110	0.036	170	1.214	14.60
阿克1井	K₂	3 225~3 341	0.134		83.4	0.596	6.80
柯深101井	E₂k	6 354~6 363			13.7	0.098	1.20
柯克亚地区	N₁		0.010		6.1~8.6	0.050~0.075	0.65
大北2井	K	5 658~5 670			5.32	0.038	0.43
迪那2井	N₁	4 598			2.48	0.018	0.15
DW105-25井	N₁	367~396			5.67	0.041	0.45
YH23-1井	N₁	4 946~4 988			3.46	0.025	0.25
YH1井	E	5 451~5 466			3.81	0.027	0.28
却勒1井	K	5 761~5 764			5.36	0.038	0.44

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表 3 塔里木盆地西南山前坳陷天然气的烷烃碳同位素组成(平均)及其烃源岩镜质体反射率

Table 3. Average alkane carbon isotope composition of natural gas and calculated vitrinite reflectance of source rocks in piedmont depression, southwestern Tarim Basin

地区/井号	δ¹³C/‰			煤型气R_o/%
地区/井号	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	R_o^①	R_o^②	R_o^③	R_o^④	R_o^⑤	R_o^⑥	R_o^⑦
克拉2	-27.0	-18.6	-19.7	1.18	1.31	3.34	4.69	1.49	2.23	2.63
大北	-29.6	-20.5	-20.6	0.77	0.65	2.18	2.35	1.28	1.71	2.07
阿克1	-24.9	-21.7	-20.3	1.67	2.29	4.70	8.21	1.68	2.76	3.19
甫沙8	-42.5	-31.2	-29.6	0.09	0.02	0.27	0.08	0.62	0.45	0.63
柯东1	-36.0	-24.7	-23.4	0.27	0.12	0.77	0.43	0.89	0.88	1.15
柯克亚	-38.6	-26.0	-25.5	0.17	0.06	0.50	0.21	0.77	0.68	0.90
恰探1	-27.8	-20.2	-18.4	1.03	1.06	2.93	3.79	1.42	2.05	2.44
注：R_o^①~ R_o^⑦分别据STAHL^[34]、SCHOELL^[35]、戴金星等^[29]、沈平等^[36]、徐永昌等^[30]、刘文汇等^[37]、陈建平等^[38]。

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