鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段页岩气储层特征及其勘探开发前景

吴凯; 高娟琴; 解古巍; 杨伟伟; 罗丽荣; 李善鹏

doi:10.11781/sysydz2024061298

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段页岩气储层特征及其勘探开发前景

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2024061298

吴凯^{1, 2,},
高娟琴^{1, 2, ,},
解古巍^{1, 2},
杨伟伟^{1, 2},
罗丽荣^{1, 2},
李善鹏^{1, 2}

1.
中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 西安 710018
2.
低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室, 西安 710018

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 41473046

中国石油长庆油田分公司项目 2019DA010102

中国石油长庆油田分公司项目 1800128K1347

详细信息

作者简介:
吴凯(1980—), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 从事油田地球化学研究。E-mail: wuk1_cq@petrochina.com.cn

通讯作者:
高娟琴(1993—), 女, 博士, 工程师, 从事油田地球化学研究。E-mail: gjqin_cq@petrochina.com.cn

中图分类号: TE122.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-07
- 修回日期: 2024-09-28
- 刊出日期: 2024-11-28

Characteristics of Chang 7 shale gas reservoirs in Triassic Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin and its exploration and development prospects

WU Kai^{1, 2
,},
GAO Juanqin^{1, 2
, ,},
XIE Guwei^{1, 2},
YANG Weiwei^{1, 2},
LUO Lirong^{1, 2},
LI Shanpeng^{1, 2}

1.
Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, China
2.
National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low Permeability Oil and Gas Fields, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, China

摘要

摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地作为我国的第二大沉积盆地，油气勘探潜力巨大。盆地内三叠系延长组7段富有机质烃源岩发育广泛，分布范围达(4~5)×10⁴ km²。该套烃源岩有机质丰度高，有机质类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ₁型，R_o主要分布在0.9%~1.2%之间，处于热演化成熟阶段，滞留烃含量大，为大规模页岩油气藏的发育奠定了重要物质基础。长7₃亚段富有机质泥页岩层段虽具备良好的含气性，但却缺乏深入的含气特征系统分析。以盆地西缘南段地区为例，利用岩石地球化学、有机地球化学、同位素分析等多种分析手段，查明了该区三叠系延长组长7段烃源岩储层地质及地球化学特征，分析了长7段页岩含气性特征、页岩气赋存状态，初步计算了长7段页岩气资源量。研究区内三叠系延长组长7₃亚段黑色页岩含气性良好，其组成以页岩油溶解气为主，含少量干酪根黏土矿物吸附气及游离气，计算平均解吸气量为1.91 m³/t。长7₃亚段赋存页岩油、气资源，二者资源量相当，在后期勘探开发研究中建议考虑油气并举的可能性。湖盆中部厚层长7段黑色页岩发育区含气量达2 m³/t，储层刚性矿物及微孔裂隙发育，含气丰度高，资源量大，为页岩气有利勘探区域。初步计算长7页岩气总资源量约为4.25×10¹² m³，具有良好的勘探前景，勘探有利地区为姬塬—固城—正宁一带。
- 页岩气 /
- 储层 /
- 地球化学特征 /
- 长7段 /
- 延长组 /
- 三叠系 /
- 鄂尔多斯盆地
Abstract: As the second-largest sedimentary basin in China, the Ordos Basin has enormous potential for oil and gas exploration. The Chang 7 member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the basin is extensively distributed with organic-rich source rocks, covering an area of 40 000 to 50 000 km². These source rocks are characterized by high organic content, with organic matter types mainly being type Ⅰ to Ⅱ₁. The R_o values mostly range from 0.9% to 1.2%, indicating that they are in thermal maturity stage. The high content of retained hydrocarbons provides a strong material basis for the development of large-scale shale oil and gas reservoirs. Although the organic-rich mud shale layers in the Chang 7₃ sub-member have good gas-bearing properties, a systematic analysis of their gas-bearing characteristics is lacking. Using the southern part of the basin's western margin as a case study, multiple analytical methods such as rock geochemistry, organic geochemistry, and isotope analysis were used to identify the geological and geochemical characteristics of the source rock reservoirs in the Chang 7 member. The gas-bearing characteristics and shale gas occurrence states of the Chang 7 member were analyzed, and the shale gas resource potential was preliminarily calculated. The results indicated that the black shale of the Chang 7₃ sub-member in the study area exhibited good gas-bearing properties, with dissolved shale oil gas being the main component, along with minor amounts of adsorbed gas of kerogen clay minerals and free gas. The average volume of desorption gas was calculated to be 1.91 m³/t. The Chang 7₃ sub-member contained both shale oil and gas resources, with approximately equivalent quantities. It is recommended to consider both oil and gas development in future exploration and development research. In the central part of the lake basin, where thick black shale of the Chang 7 member occurred, gas content reached 2 m³/t. These reservoirs contained rigid minerals, micropores, and fractures, with high gas abundance and substantial resource potential, making this a favorable area for shale gas exploration. The total shale gas resource of the Chang 7 member was preliminarily estimated to be about 4.25×10¹² m³, indicating promising exploration prospects. The favorable exploration areas were identified in the Jiyuan, Gucheng and Zhengning area.
- shale gas /
- reservoir /
- geochemical characteristics /
- Chang 7 member /
- Yanchang Formation /
- Triassic /
- Ordos Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors'Contributions

吴凯完成论文整体思路设计、实验数据总结、数据综合分析，高娟琴参与数据分析、论文写作和修改，解古巍参与储层地质方面实验操作及数据分析，杨伟伟、罗丽荣参与烃源岩地球化学特征分析总结，李善鹏参与实验操作。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

WU Kai completed the overall design of the study, summarized experimental data, and conducted comprehensive analysis of data. GAO Juanqin participated in data analysis, paper writing, and revision. XIE Guwei was involved in experimental operations and data analysis related to reservoir geology. YANG Weiwei and LUO Lirong participated in the analysis and summary of the geochemical characteristics of source rocks. LI Shanpeng participated in experimental operations. All authors have read the last version of the paper and consented to its submission.

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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地区域构造和研究区位置(a)及井位分布(b)

Figure 1. Regional tectonics and location of study area (a) and well distribution (b) in Ordos Basin

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图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区三叠系延长组长7段黑色页岩(a)、暗色泥岩(b)厚度等值线

Figure 2. Isopach maps of black shale (a) and dark mudstone (b) from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in study area, Ordos Basin

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图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区三叠系延长组长7段黑色页岩(a)和暗色泥岩(b)TOC含量分布

Figure 3. TOC content distribution of black shale (a) and dark mudstone (b) from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in study area, Ordos Basin

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图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区三叠系延长组长7段泥页岩R_o等值线

Figure 4. R_o isopleth map of mud shale from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation of study area, Ordos Basin

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图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地M53井三叠系延长组长7黑色页岩热模拟气态烃和液态烃产率

Figure 5. Thermal simulation yields of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons from black shale of Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in well M53, Ordos Basin

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图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区三叠系延长组长7段泥页岩氯仿沥青“A”/(岩石体积/孔隙度)与TOC含量的关系

Figure 6. Relationship between chloroform asphalt "A" content (rock volume/porosity) and TOC content in mud shale from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in study area, Ordos Basin

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图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地中生界页岩气及其他类型天然气单体碳同位素值分布

Figure 7. Distribution of individual carbon isotopic values of Mesozoic shale gas and other types of natural gas in Ordos Basin

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图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区三叠系延长组长7段泥页岩矿物含量分布

Figure 8. Mineral content distribution in mud shale from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in study area, Ordos Basin

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图 9 两种方法计算的三叠系延长组长7段黑色页岩和暗色泥岩的脆性指数

Figure 9. Brittleness indices of black shale and dark mudstone from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation calculated by two methods

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图 10 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区三叠系延长组长7泥页岩(a)与美国Barnett页岩(b)矿物成分三角图

b图据参考文献[36]修改。

Figure 10. Ternary diagram of mineral compositions in mud shale (a) from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in study area, Ordos Basin, and Barnett shale (b) from USA

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图 11 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区三叠系延长组长7段泥页岩扫描电镜照片

a, b.Li57井，2 337.05 m，黑色页岩；c, d.Li57井，2 348.20 m，黑色页岩。

Figure 11. Scanning electron microscope images of mud shale from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in study area, Ordos Basin

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图 12 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区三叠系延长组长7泥页岩TOC含量与解吸气量(a)、总含气量(b)、残余气量(c)的关系

Figure 12. Relationship between TOC content and desorption gas content (a), total gas content (b), and residual gas content (c) in mud shale from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in study area, Ordos Basin

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图 13 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界、中生界页岩TOC含量与解吸气含量(a)、残余气含量(b)关系

Figure 13. Relationship between TOC content and desorption gas content (a) and residual gas content (b) in Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic shales of Ordos Basin

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图 14 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区YJ1井页岩气解吸日期与甲烷化系数(a)及甲、乙烷同位素(b)关系

Figure 14. Relationship between desorption date and methanation coefficient (a) and methane and ethane isotopes (b) of shale gas from well YJ1 in study area, Ordos Basin

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表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区泥页岩样品信息及分析测试项目

Table 1. Information on mud shale samples and analysis items in study area, Ordos Basin

测试项目	井号	数量
有机碳分析	Y67、YJ1、M53等	405
岩石热解	Y67、YJ1、M53等	405
氯仿沥青抽提	Y67、YJ1、M53等	135
镜质体反射率	Y67、YJ1、M53等	39
生烃热模拟	M53	2
核磁共振	Y67、L196、Ya56、Li57	7
单体碳同位素分析	D214、S218、YUAN494等	12
气相色谱分析	Y67、YJ1、D214等	11
X射线衍射分析	Y67、YJ1、M53等	121
扫描电镜分析	Li57	2
含气量测试	YJ1、D214等	17

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表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地M53井长7段黑色页岩生烃热模拟结果

Table 2. Thermal simulation results of hydrocarbon generation of black shale from Chang 7 member in well M53, Ordos Basin

样品号	井深/m	ω(TOC)/%	模拟温度/℃	R_o/%	总液态烃产率/(mg/g)	C₁-C₅产率/(mL/g)	总烃产率/(mg/g)
M1-30	2 391.8	3.29	300	0.59	227.504	0.04	227.544
M1-32	2 391.8	3.30	320	0.62	241.996	1.51	243.506
M1-34	2 391.8	3.09	340	0.78	405.912	4.94	410.852
M1-36	2 391.8	2.67	360	0.92	500.976	17.48	518.456
M1-38	2 391.8	2.33	380	1.10	433.820	35.83	469.650
M1-40	2 391.8	2.25	400	1.35	313.448	65.63	379.078
M1-42	2 391.8	2.31	420	1.50	311.940	72.92	384.860
M1-44	2 391.8	2.18	440	1.86	275.272	75.32	350.592
M1-46	2 391.8	2.29	460	1.65	111.914	64.41	176.324

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表 3 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区三叠系延长组长7段暗色泥页岩可溶有机质氯仿沥青“A”特征

Table 3. Characteristics of chloroform asphalt "A" in soluble organic matter from dark mud shale in Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in study area, Ordos Basin

井号	深度/m	ω(TOC)/ %	氯仿沥青“A”/%	氯仿沥青“A”(恢复)/%	氯仿沥青“A”/ 岩石体积/%	核磁共振孔隙度/%	氯仿沥青“A”/ (岩石体积/孔隙度)
Y67	2 033.02	2.97	0.33	0.43	1.05	2.80	0.38
L196	2 663.62	7.42	0.93	0.21	2.96	2.68	1.10
Ya56	2 978.80	4.69	0.70	0.91	2.22	2.17	1.02
Ya56	3 002.75	3.33	0.48	0.63	1.53	3.00	0.51
Ya56	3 034.70	6.63	1.15	1.49	3.64	2.19	1.66
Li57	2 329.20	7.90	0.81	1.05	2.57	2.07	1.24
Li57	2 331.40	8.39	0.78	1.01	2.48	2.29	1.08

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表 4 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区三叠系延长组长7段页岩解吸气及中生界石油伴生气色谱组分

Table 4. Chromatographic component data of associated petroleum gas from Mesozoic and desorption gas of shale from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in study area, Ordos Basin

井号	井深/m	层位	组分含量/%									N₂/ %	烃/%	相对密度	甲烷化系数	气体类型
井号	井深/m	层位	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	C₄H₁₀	iC₅H₁₂	nC₅H₁₂	iC₆H₁₄	nC₆H₁₄	CO₂	N₂/ %	烃/%	相对密度	甲烷化系数	气体类型
Y67	2 050.55	长7段	78.212	7.852	2.073	0.075	0.002	0.019	0.007	0.003	0.478	11.075	88.447	0.559 0	0.884	页岩解吸气
Y67	2 040.05	长7段	80.542	8.333	2.053	0.069	0.002	0.016	0.005	0.002	0.380	8.407	91.213	0.575 0	0.883
YJ1	2 037.08	长7段	80.827	7.804	3.440	0.181	0.005	0.036	0.011	0.002	1.417	5.854	92.722	0.672 5	0.872
YJ1	2 050.75	长7段	84.001	5.923	2.151	0.111	0.003	0.023	0.013	0.003	0.184	7.333	92.476	0.640 8	0.908
YJ1	2 050.75	长7段	79.434	8.753	3.575	0.171	0.004	0.028	0.009	0.002	0.503	7.158	92.334	0.673 7	0.860
D214	1 150.50	长7段	74.205	8.262	4.673	0.322	0.010	0.109	0.051	0.017	0.358	11.245	88.374	0.709 2	0.839
D214	1 173.85	长7段	41.629	7.787	6.413	0.636	0.023	0.228	0.089	0.024	0.889	4.091	58.106	0.869 2	0.715	砂岩解吸气
S218	2 306	长9段	80.854	8.002	5.098	0.637	0.025	0.208	0.115	0.054	0.144	3.695	96.098	0.695 5	0.841	原油伴生气
YUAN494	1 986	延10段	57.901	5.609	4.236	0.542	0.050	0.540	0.440	0.219	0.272	29.622	70.852	0.804 4	0.814
B192	2 066	长6段	82.297	9.040	5.445	0.498	0.252	0.324	0.099	0.092	0.179	0.522	99.271	0.698 0	0.829
Z26-36	1 200	长7段	81.525	4.624	3.665	0.397	0.013	0.106	0.045	0.006	0.017	8.847	91.137	0.584 0	0.895

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表 5 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区三叠系延长组长7段页岩解吸气与中生界其他类型天然气单体碳同位素组成对比

Table 5. Comparison of individual carbon isotope compositions between shale desorption gas from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in study area and other types of Mesozoic natural gas in Ordos Basin

井号	井深/m	层位	岩性	气体类型	取样回次	δ¹³C/‰
井号	井深/m	层位	岩性	气体类型	取样回次	C₁	C₂	C₃	iC₄	nC₄
YJ1	2 037.08	长7段	黑色页岩	页岩解吸气	第一次	-50.99	-40.76	-35.08	-34.80	-34.14
					第二次	-51.69	-41.15	-35.13	-32.19	-35.66
					第五次	-51.09	-40.80	-34.88		-33.61
	2 050.75	长7段	黑色页岩	页岩解吸气	第一次	-51.26	-40.66	-35.07	-35.22	-33.25
					第二次	-51.35	-41.02	-35.11	-35.37	-33.16
					第五次	-51.83	-40.76	-34.36		-32.51
	2 036.99	长7段	黑色页岩	页岩解吸气	第五次	-47.40	-41.21	-35.16	-35.71	-33.39
D214	1 150.50	长7段	黑色页岩	页岩解吸气		-48.04	-36.66	-32.61		-31.92
D214	1 173.85	长7段	致密砂岩	砂岩解吸气		-47.68	-36.39	-32.21	-33.49	-31.08
S218	2 306.00	长9段		原油伴生气		-46.33	-33.63	-31.06	-32.13	-30.75
YUAN494	1 986.00	延10段		原油伴生气		-46.96	-37.01	-33.51	-32.68	-33.51
YAN180	2 238.00	长8段		气藏气		-47.12	-31.42	-33.26	-33.13	-32.84

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表 6 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区三叠系延长组长7现场取心罐装样含气量检测结果

Table 6. Gas content test results of canistered core samples from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in study area, Ordos Basin

井号	井深/m	TOC含量/ %	岩性	解吸气			残余气			总含气量/ (m³/t)
井号	井深/m	TOC含量/ %	岩性	体积/ mL	岩石质量/ g	含气量/ (m³/t)	体积/ mL	岩石质量/ g	含气量/ (m³/t)	总含气量/ (m³/t)
L254	2 545.30	4.33	黑色页岩	757	736	1.03	68.44	269	0.25	1.28
	2 553.70	8.88	黑色页岩	876	591	1.48	95.86	249	0.38	1.86
	2 561.76	14.19	黑色页岩	946	736	1.29	82.17	298	0.28	1.57
Zh233	1 795.71	12.34	黑色页岩	946	565	1.67	175.00	157	1.11	2.78
Y67	2 040.05	11.05	黑色页岩	874	572	1.53
Y67	2 050.55	19.74	黑色页岩	3 263	1 016	3.21
YJ1	2 036.99	1.90	暗色泥岩	1 781	4 083	0.44	89.54	450	0.20	0.64
	2 037.08	5.87	暗色泥岩	3 306	4 888	0.68	91.26	450	0.20	0.88
	2 050.75	8.97	暗色泥岩	2 381	2 980	0.80	8.91	450	0.02	0.82
D214	1 150.50	3.98	暗色泥岩	2 588	4 797	0.54	8.91	450	0.02	0.56
D214	1 173.85	1.99	致密砂岩	948	4 412	0.23	0.00	450	0.00	0.23

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表 7 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段泥页岩与古生界山西组2段煤系泥岩以及美国主要产气页岩地质特征对比

Table 7. Comparison of geological characteristics among mud shale from Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, coal-bearing mudstone from the second member of Shanxi Formation in Paleozoic, and main gas-producing shales in USA

参数	密西西比系Batnett页岩	泥盆系Ohio页岩	泥盆系Antrim页岩	泥盆系Newalbany页岩	白垩系Lewis页岩	长7段黑色页岩	长7段暗色泥岩	山2段煤系泥岩
深度/m	1950~2 550	600~1 500	180~720	180~1 470	900~1 800	1 200~1600	1 200~2 600	2 000~2 800
有效厚度/m	15~61	9~20	21~37	15~30	6~91	15~40	15~110	20~66
TOC含量/%	4.5	0~4.7	0.2~24	1~25	0.45~3.5	13.81	3.75	1.94
R_o/%	1.0~1.9	0.4~1.3	0.4~0.6	0.4~1.0	1.6~1.88	0.9~1.2	0.9~1.2	1.5~2.8
有机质类型	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ₁	Ⅰ—Ⅱ₁	Ⅲ型
含气量/(m³/t)	8.5~9.9	1.7~2.8	1.1~2.8	1.1~2.3	0.4~1.3	2.16	0.82	1.0
储量丰度/ (10⁸ m³/km²)	3.28~4.37	0.55~1.09	0.66~1.64	0.77~1.09	0.87~1.09	0.97~1.94	0.60	0.95

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表 8 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段页岩气资源量计算结果

Table 8. Shale gas resource calculation results for Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin

岩性	总体积/10⁸ m³	岩石密度/(t/m³)	含气量/(m³/t)	页岩气资源量/10¹² m³	页岩油资源量/10⁸ t
暗色泥岩(＞20 m)	9 494	2.47	0.82	1.92	53.22
黑色页岩(＞20 m)	4 774	2.26	2.16	2.33	29.46

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