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2001 Vol. 23, No. 3

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TECTONIC ANALYSIS OF SUPERIMPOSED BASINS
TANG Liangjie, JIN Zhijun, JIA Chengzao, MA Zongjin, QU Guosheng
2001, 23(3): 251-255. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103251
Abstract(715) PDF-CN(355)
Abstract:
Major petroliferous basins in China are characterized by poly-stage superimposition.The evolution of basins is stepwise.Different evolutionary stages have different geotectonic environment,continental oceanic distribution and proto tpye basins.The important features of superimposed basins in China are interfracture emplacement and intermountain emplacement.This reflects that the basins have experinced poly-stage extension cracking,subduction,collision closure and the extension compressional cycles in post-collisional periods.In the tectonic analysis of superimposed basins,more attention must be paid to the study of the Paleozoic untypical craton,the Meso-Cenozoic untypical foreland basin and their superimposition history.So, the key tectonic periods of cransformation and their effects on the transition of basin types are determined,the deformed styles in the different tectonic periods of basins and their changing in plane and in section are analysed,the basement-cover united tectonic deformation history is revealed,and the forming course and coupling history of basin systems are restored.This privides background information for the hydrocarbon generation,migration and accumulation in superimposed basins.
FORMATION MECHANISM OF DEPRESSIONS AND RIFTS IN THE CENOZOIC BASIN OF NORTH JIANGSU PROVINCE
LIAN Mingxiang, XUE Bing, YANG Shengliang
2001, 23(3): 256-260. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103256
Abstract(691) PDF-CN(360)
Abstract:
The Cenozoic Basin in North Jiangsu province consists of numerous depressions and rifts which develop on the Meso-Paleozoic thrust nappe and whose structure,size and regional distribution are controlled by the thrust nappe.The formation of rifts is the result of faultshards on the backedge of the thrust nappe backgliding under the background of regional extension which forms the "backedge sags" of the thrust nappe.In the North Jiangsu Basin,not only longitudinal rift-depression transformation exists in different periods,but also rifts and depressions coexist laterally in the same period.
GENETIC CLASSIFICATION AND PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF PETROLEUM SYSTEMSIN THE MESOZOIC BASINS OF NORTHWEST CHINA
QIAN Yixiong, JI Rangshou, LIU Guangxiang, PAN Wenlei, QIN Deyu
2001, 23(3): 261-266. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103261
Abstract(620) PDF-CN(298)
Abstract:
By comprehensive analysis on the petroleum charging conditions,migration and entrapment patterns,and space distribution rules of the Mesozoic petroleum systems in Northwest China,they are classified by geneses into 24 petroleum systems. Based on system types,hydrocarbon resource amount,trap styles,target stratum depth,petroleum accumulation and shows as well as the other factors,the petroleum systems are evaluated preliminarily. It is suggested that the Jurassic petroleum system in the southwest of the Tarim Basin,the composite petroleum system in the guasi southeast of China and the Jurassic petroleum system in the northern edge of the Qaidam Basin should be taken as emphases for the strategic area-selection of petroleum exploration.
DISTRIBUTION RULES OF FLUXOTURBIDITE IN THE LINNAN SAG OF THE HUIMIN DEPRESSION AND THEIR CONTROL FACTORS
ZHAO Mifu, XIN Quanlin, LIU Zerong
2001, 23(3): 267-271. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103267
Abstract(1877) PDF-CN(366)
Abstract:
According to the tectonic background of the Linnan Sag and the distribution characteristics of fluxoturbidite, it was systematically advanced for the first time that the formation and development of fluxoturbidite are mainly restricted by the open degree of sag zones, the features of sedimentary paleotopography, the conditions of hydrodynamics, the scale and high constructive property (i.e. the developing degree of inheritability) of deltas, the space variation of delta systems and the evolutionary stages of basins. On this basis, the authors suggested that there maybe exist turbidite fans nearby Yingzixiang and well Xia 103 on the downthrown side of the Linshang Fracture, and there should distribute small scale of fluxoturbidite fans on the wide and gentle slope from the Xiakou Fracture to the Yingzijie fracture system and along the Jiangjiadian Nose to the Yuhuangmiao Fault. It was also pointed out that lithologic upclined pinchout will easily take place when there is a certain intersection angle between the tectonic contour and the prograding direction of the delta because of the strong oscillation of the Shuangfeng Delta.
ANALYSIS OF GEOCHEMICAL FIELD IN THE HYDROCARBON FORMATION OF THE TRANSITIONAL ZONE——A CASE STUDYOF GAS FROM THE BIO-THERMAL CATALYTIC TRANSITIONALZONE IN THE JIYANG DEPRESSION
LIU Wenhui
2001, 23(3): 272-277. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103272
Abstract(620) PDF-CN(235)
Abstract:
In this paper,the Jiyang Depression is taken as an example to discuss the evolution of organic geochemical field,temperature field and stress field formed by the gas of the bio-thermal catalytic transitional zone in the area.It is considered that the mutual matching of each field is the key factor to form oil and gas accumulation.
GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN PETROLEUM MIGRATION AND ACCUMULATION
HUANG Haiping, ZHANG Shuichang, SU Aiguo
2001, 23(3): 278-284. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103278
Abstract(743) PDF-CN(451)
Abstract:
The composition of crude oil, although initially controled by the types and maturity of organic matter in source rocks, will be changed thoroughly by the secondary modification during migration and after pool-formation. The dissolution and adsorption subjected by crude oil after expulsion have certain effects on the cpmposition of accumulated crude oil, but the influences of migration fractionation caused by the changing of temperature and pressure conditions in reservoirs, fault activties, denudation, earthquakes or the micropercolation of covers on the composition of crude oil are particularly important. Migration fractionation can form derived condensate and residual oil. Light components are very enriched in derived condensate and usually accumulate in shallower reservoirs, while high molecular weight compounds are enriched in residual oil which is characterized by the more obvious increase of wax content.It is thus clear that the formation of condensate and a high-wax oil is not simply controled by parent sources and maturity. Understanding the effects of migration fractionation will be helpful to avoid the mistaken interpretation of geochemical data.
APPLICATION OF MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION TO THE CORRELATION OF SOLID BITUMEN WITH SOURCE ROCKS
JIN Qiang, TIAN Haiqin, DAI Junsheng
2001, 23(3): 285-290. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103285
Abstract(808) PDF-CN(345)
Abstract:
There distributes a lot of destroyed old oil pools in the carbonate rock areas of South China. Former dissolvable bitumen or crude oil has been changed into insoluble vein or mottled solid bitumen through hundreds of millions of weathering, Bacause of the insolubility of solid bitumen, it is difficult to make oil source correlation and further researches using many effective conventional methods. It is discovered that the relationship between crude oil and source rocks is similar to that between ore occurrence and provenance (or ore solution) in the course of deposit formation. The ore source correlation is usually conducted by microelements. That,will the microelements in organic source rocks be carried out when crude oil or bitumen migrates away from source rocks? For this reason,the authors attempted to measure the microelements in solid bitumen and potential source rocks. By combining carbon isotopic and other analysis, the true source rocks of solid bitumen are discovered. On this basis, the genesis of old oil pools in the study area is studied successfully.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FORMATION WATER AND HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION IN THE DONGYING SAG
SUN Xiangyang, XIE Xinong
2001, 23(3): 291-296. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103291
Abstract(747) PDF-CN(410)
Abstract:
It was discovered by study on the chemical field of the Shahejie formation water in the Dongying Sag that the total dissolved solid (TDS) of formation water has explicit vertical zonality.The value of TDS is the highest in the Sha-4 Member,and reduces gradually upward. According to the feature that the Ca2+ and K++Na+ contents in formation water get higher with the increasing of Cl- concentration,it is suggested that the chemical components of formation water in this area come from the dissolution of subsoil rock salt.Among CaCl2, NaHCO3, MgCl2 and Na2SO4 four water types,the specific gravity of NaHCO3-typed water has inverse correlation relationship with the TDS of formation water.The characteristics of vertical and lateral TDS distribution show that the flow of formation water within the Dongying Sag is controlled by faults and sedimentary sand bodies.Formation water is a major component of basin fluid,and its revolution reflects the rules of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the basin.The flow styles of formation water provide a powerful evidence for the formation of "self-generation,self-accumulation" and "lower-generation,upper-accumulation" two patterns of hydrocarbon pools in the basin.
STUDY ON THE WEATHERING CORRECTION OF SURFACE OUTCROP SAMPLES FROM THE QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU
ZHANG Junfeng, WANG Dongliang, QIN Jianzhong, LIU Baoquan
2001, 23(3): 297-300. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103297
Abstract(758) PDF-CN(345)
Abstract:
Based on the comparison experiments of a large number of surface, downhole and subsurface samples, the authors pointed out that surface weathering mainly has serious impacts on the organic matter abundance of hydrocarbon surce rocks, and the weathering degrees of samples with different lithology and different parameters are significantly different. In this paper, some weathering correction coefficients of organic carbon for the surface samples from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau are suggested. In is indicated that the effects on soluble organic matter such as bitumen "A", total hydrocarbon, pyrolysis free hydrocarbon S1 and cracking hydrocarbon S2 as well as pyrolysis IH are great, thus they are difficult to be corrected.Also, some primary control factors about the impacts of surface weathering on organic matter abundance are discussed.
MODEL CONSTRUCTION AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT OF 3-D HYDROCARBON POOL-FORMING DYNAMICS
WU Chonglong, MAO Xiaoping, WANG Xiepei, YANG Jiaming, WU Jingfu, HE Dawei
2001, 23(3): 301-311. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103301
Abstract(934) PDF-CN(382)
Abstract:
According to the theories and methods of system engineering,the constructing train of thought for the system engineering models of hydrocarbon pool-forming dynamics simulation can be summarized as follows. 1)By combining dynamics simulation with non dynamics simulation,the material space for the process of hydrocarbon generation,expulsion,migration,accumulation and dissipation can be reconstructed using non dynamics si mulation. 2)By combining conventional dynamics simulation with system dynamics simulation,the non-linear course of the whole system can be described using system dynamics simulation. 3)By combining numerical simulation with artificial intelligence simulation,the non-linear problems of hydrocarbon migration,accumulation and other local courses can be resolved using artificial intelligence simulation.The key technologies which need to be conquered include the space interpolation and vector cutting technology of 3-D digital geologic bodies,the 3-D back stripping and balancing technology of basin tectonic history and sedimentation history,the dynamic simulation technology of basin tectonic stress field,the simulation technology of mutiple heat source and muti-stage superimposed metamorphism,the trae 3-D conventional dynamics simulation technology of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,the artificial intelligence simulation technology of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,the system dynamics simulation technology,of hydrocarbon pool-formation,and the dynamically linking and integrating technology of the whole ststem.The authors discussed these theoretical difficuties and made a series of breakthroughs in the key technologies.On this basis,a 3-D hydrocarbon pool-forming dynamics simulation and evaluation system was established preliminarily and was applied successfully in the practice.
PRESENT DEVELOPING SITUATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF BASIN SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY
ZHANG Qingchun, SHI Guangren, TIAN Zaiyi
2001, 23(3): 312-317. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103312
Abstract(1025) PDF-CN(460)
Abstract:
In this paper,the brief development history of basin simulation systems at home and abroad is introduced systematically.On this basis,the present developing situation of both geological and mathematical models for basin simulation is analyzed,especially that of geohistory,thermal history,hydrocarbon generation history,hydrocarbon expulsion history and hydrocarbon mingration and accumulation history "five histories" models for hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics.It is suggested that five difficult problems remain to be solved about basin simulation technology,that is,the organic unity of basin dynamic models and hydrocarbon accumulation dynamic models,the setablishment of dynamic balance models and corresponding mathematical models for 3-D geologic bodies,the correct modeling of the paleohydrodynamic process of basins,the full three dimensionation of each models for hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics and the solution of partial differential equations for variable meshes.It is considered that the developing trends of basin simulation technology in the next decade are as follows: 1) the full 3-D hydrocarbon basin dynamic simulation system based on basin dynamic evolution will be ste up and perfected gradually; 2) the basin dynamic simulation system supported by large scale exploration data bases will become powerful tols for hydrocarbon exploration and resource prediction; 3) the hydrocarbon generation system simulation will be the important content and developing style of basin simulation; and 4) "interactive simulation","artificial interfering interface" and "synthetic evaluation" technologies will make rapid progress.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION IN TAHE OILFIELD OF THE TARIM BASIN
HE Faqi, ZHOU Jiaju, YU Lu
2001, 23(3): 318-323. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103318
Abstract(687) PDF-CN(340)
Abstract:
The discovery of Tahe oilfield first benifits from the application of the 3-D seismic exploration techno logy.In the course of further evaluation and rolling exploration and development and aimed at the heterogeneity of the Paleozoic karst type carbonate rock reservoirs,3-D seismic data and various geophysical methods are used to make reservoir prediction and study the distribution and hydrocarbon prospects of reservoirs.While the negative-pressure drilling technology when applied to shafts can guarantee normal drilling operation and raise working efficiency,it reduces the pollution of reservoirs to a minimum and ensures to discover hydrocarbon reservoirs withous delay.The imaging logging technology can be used to study the development of pores,caves and fissures in carbonate rocks,the lateral extension and connection of permeable layers and the types of formation fluid;furthermore,the lithology of strata and the parameters for physical properties and petroliferous features can be calculated quantitatively by combining various logging data.The successful application of the fracturing acidization technique effectively removes man made injuries to reservoirs.And by artificial fracturing acid corroded new fissures,it connects natural pores,caves and fissures,raises diversion capacity,regains productive ability and libe rates oil reservoirs.Besides,the use of related technologies of these major ones plays an effective guarantee role in the exploration evaluation of Tahe oilfield.
APPLICATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE DONGPU SAG
WANG Guicheng, FAN Xiyan, DUAN Xinting, LIN Yan, TIAN Jiangyong
2001, 23(3): 324-326. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103324
Abstract(901) PDF-CN(339)
Abstract:
In this paper, the application of new technologies to the hydrocarbon exploration and development of the Dongpu Sag in recent years and its effects are briefly introduced. It is shown that the application of the basin simulation technology, the high resolution 3-D seismic processing technology, the seismic inversion technology, the hydrocarbon migration rule research technology and the 3-D seismic tectonic interpretation technology plays an important role in the exploration and development of the complex fault block areas during middle late exploration and development stage. It is hoped that these new technologies have some valuable reference for the exploration and development of the other similar sags.
THE VOLCANIC ROCK REE INVERSION TECHNOLOGY USED IN THE STUDY OF EXTENSIONAL BASIN DYNAMICS
ZHANG Dagang, LI Xiaoqing, SHI Puqing, LI Ru, ZHOU Yaoqi
2001, 23(3): 327-331. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103327
Abstract(724) PDF-CN(266)
Abstract:
In this paper, the relationships among extension, volcanism and magmatism in extensional basins are expounded. On this basis, the theoretical basis and major contents of the volcanic rock REE inversion technology in the study of extensional basin dynamics are introduced, and the main approaches and parameter selection during the volcanic rock REE inversion course are listed. Compared with positive methods, the inversion technology has greathy decreased dependence on initial models. This advantage assures its efficiency and reliability. The application of this technology can provide important parameter restriction on extentional factor, potential temperature, the thickness of molten mass, the initial thickness of lithosphere, etc. to the study of extensional basin dynamics, and has broad prospects.
FISSION-TRACK ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE STUDY OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS
ZHOU Zuyi, LIAO Zongting, YANG Fengli, FU Qiang
2001, 23(3): 332-337. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103332
Abstract(740) PDF-CN(470)
Abstract:
The "ζ" age correction method,the external detector method and single grained ages as well as the accurate establishment of various dynamic models for apatite fission track annealing made it possible for the fission track analysis to get widespread application in the study of sedimentary basins.Based on the introduction of major progresses in fission track analysis,the application of this method in the material source study of sedimentary basins,the reconstruction of time temperature history and the estimation of denuded stratum amount was discussed.
APPLICATION OF GINI COEFFICIENT ON THE ANALYSIS OF VITRINITE REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENT
SUN Lichung, YANG Chunglin, TSAI Louis L.
2001, 23(3): 338-340. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103338
Abstract(827) PDF-CN(311)
Abstract:
In order to evaluate the distribution of measured vitrinite reflectance data,Gini coefficient was applied in this study.Three groups of coal samples were prepared for the measurement of vitrinite reflectance,namely the original sample(Y1),water washed sample (Y2) and exinite enriched sample(Y3) after denstty centrifuge separation.Gini coefficients were calculated and compared among them afterwards. The smaller Gini coefficient of Y2 indicates a better kurtosis in the distribution of vitrinite reflectance,which can be explained by the effect of washing.On the other hand,the larger Gini coefficient of Y3,a worse kurtosis in reflectance distribution,can be explained by both water-washing (right shift) and exinite enrichment (left shift).The Gini coefficient is expected to be applied further to sedimentary source and provenance studies in the future.
APPLICATION OF SEM/EDX ANALYSIS IN PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
LIU Weixin, SHI Zhihua, ZHU Ying, CAO Yin
2001, 23(3): 341-343. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103341
Abstract(1257) PDF-CN(548)
Abstract:
In this paper, the application of SEM/EDX analysis in petroleum exploration and production is summarized. The authors briefly introduced its application and significance in the stidy of clay mineral, its application in the evaluation of cardonate and clastic rock reservoir features and qualities,its application in oil/gas reservoir protection and oilfield production, and its new fruits in the other hydrocarbon research fields. As a modern analytical and testing technology, SEM/EDX analysis plays an important role in petroleum exploration and production.
A NEW METHOD TO STUDY THE FISSURES IN HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS：COMPUTER ASISTRD TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
SHI Weijun, CHEN Ronglin
2001, 23(3): 344-347. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103344
Abstract(1128) PDF-CN(263)
Abstract:
The computer asisted tomography (CT) technology,which is rapid,accurate,automatic and harmless,is getting widespread application in petroleum geology.It can be popularized sa a new testing method,and will be advantageous to the improvement of hydrocarbon reservoir description and research levels.
AN APPROACH TO THE DECISION METHOD OF STEPWISE EXPLORATION FOR LOCAL TECTONICS
WANG Chuan, PENG Suping
2001, 23(3): 348-350. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103348
Abstract(733) PDF-CN(250)
Abstract:
The decision tree method is frequently used to make exploration decision at present.But the application of this method in practice is not easy because it always considers the whole process of exploration.The exploration of hydrocarbon resources is step-by-step,and each step has its own targets.Only if hydrocarbon exploration best realizes the targets of each step by the least cost,can the whole process of it obtain the best results by the least cost.In this paper,an exploration decision method aiming at getting the most reserves by the least cost in the exploration stage is suggested.
A DISCUSSIOM ABOUT THE METHOD OF DECOMPACTION CORRECTION
QI Jiafu, YANG Qiao
2001, 23(3): 351-356. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103351
Abstract(896) PDF-CN(400)
Abstract:
The main problem of decompaction correction is how to found a reliable porosity depth function or density-depth function which expresses the compaction process of clastic rock. Because the present day relationship between porosity and depth usually is measured from different layers in one well or poly wells, it couldn't reflect the compaction path of a given layer during burying history. A function found on the data of porosity depth or density-depth from a given layer in one well or poly wells could be more reliable so that it can figure out a satisfying decompaction thickness. Because the grain density of rock keep a constant in any depth, the relationship between porosity depth function and density-depth function should be a linear complement and the initial value and compaction coefficient in the Athy's porosity depth function also could be resolved from two or more sets of porosity depth and density-depth data measured in the same layer.
THE COMPACTION CORRECTION BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE KEEPING FORMATION GRAIN VOLUME AND MASS CONSTANT
LI Shaohu
2001, 23(3): 357-360. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103357
Abstract(868) PDF-CN(224)
Abstract:
The paper titled "a new method for compaction correction", which was issued on Experimental Petroleum Geology (2000,Vol.22,No.2),has arosed some attention.In order to make the method more clear and more understandable,the related principle,concepts,calculating methods and characteristics of density-depth curves wers explicated.In processing of compaction correction,the paleo-porosity-depth function is not the same of the present porosity depth function,and the density-depth function shows same property.Parameter Δ γ is very important to the mew method for compaction correction,which is based on the principle keeping the formation grain volume and mass constant.

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