石油实验地质

CHARACTERISTICS AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE LANPING-SIMAO MESOZOIC BASIN

CHEN Yao-kun, LIAO Zong-ting, WEI Zhi-hong, LI Ming-hui

2004, 26(3): 219-222. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403219

Abstract(1038) PDF-CN(521)

Abstract:
The Lanping-Simao Mesozoic Basin is a sedimentary basin which was developed based on the Paleo-Tethys multi-island ocean framework,and its formation and evolution are closely related to the tectonic evolution of the Tethys-Sanjiang orogenic belt.The prototype basin was formed during the Middle Triassic accompanying the open of the Mid-Tethys Ocean.The closing of the Mid-Tethys made the crust deformed and the Lower Jurassic missed universally during the end of the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic.The Neo-Tethys opened during the Middle Jurassic.It made the basin subside again and accept the Middle Jurassic-Cretaceous deposit.Himalayan orogenic movement made the Neo-Tethys closed,and the crust uplifted large scale when the basin was deformed to form fractures,folds and characteristic ramp structures.Then the Cenozoic pull-apart basin superposed on the Mesozoic basin.The tectonic evolution controlled the subsidence,sedimentation,pyrogenesis and structure framework of the basin.

HYDROCARBON POOL-FORMING CONDITIONS AND ACCUMULATION MODELS IN THE WEST SAG OF TANHAI AREA, THE LIAOHE BASIN

FANG Shi-hu, XU Huai-min, GUO Zhao-jie, JIAO Cui-hua, MENG Wei-gong, LI Jian-ming

2004, 26(3): 223-228. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403223

Abstract(1023) PDF-CN(418)

Abstract:
Hydrocarbon in the West Sag of Tanhai area,the Liaohe Basin was mainly derived from the source rocks of the Es³ and Es¹⁺² Member.By integrating the methods of well core analyzing and logging calibrating,the effective thickness of source rocks and their distribution were determined.Faults,connec-ting sandstones and unconformities were the three main pathways of petroleum migration in the study area.They singly,or combined with others,controlled the migration and accumulation of oil and gas around main hydrocarbon-bearing zones.Moreover,composite trap zones led to the formation of composite hydrocarbon accumulation zones.Hydrocarbon pool-forming conditions matched with each other,and formed characteristic accumulation models and distribution rules in every composite hydrocarbon accumulation zone.The distribution of oil and gas was clarified for guiding the future petroleum exploration of the area.

ANALYSIS ON THE MIGRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MESOZOIC PETROLEUM IN THE ORDOS BASIN

XI Sheng-li, LIU Xin-she, Wang Tao

2004, 26(3): 229-235. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403229

Abstract(834) PDF-CN(656)

Abstract:
The Mesozoic structures in the Ordos Basin are simple and smooth,with reservoirs mainly of low porosity and low permeability and distinctive hydrocarbon migration.The conditions of porosity and permeability are better in the Jurassic and the upper reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation,and the driving forces of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation are dominated by buoyancy.The surfaces of unconfor-mity on the top of the Triassic and the paleochannel sandbodies of the Jurassic constituted the major migration pathways of hydrocarbon in the Jurassic oil pools,and the oil reservoirs were distributed mainly in the Jurassic paleochannels and the places near the surfaces of unconformity.During the period of a large amount of petroleum creation,the middle and lower reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation were very dense,and the formations basically losed water alternating ability.Abnormal high pressure then exceeded static buoyancy and became the main dynamic of secondary petroleum migration.Permeable sandstone was the main petroleum migration pathway to northeast and southwest,and oil reservoirs were distributed chiefly in hydrocarbon-generating centers and regions around them.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON PETROLEUM ACCUMULATION IN THE QOM BASIN, IRAN

WANG Shi-hu, LI Zheng, ZHOU Wen, HUAN Yu-long, LIU Qing, XU Xing-you

2004, 26(3): 236-240. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403236

Abstract(795) PDF-CN(426)

Abstract:
The Qom Basin was developed in Mesozoic and Cenozic on the Precambrian metamorphic base.The analytic results of organic abundance,organic type,hydrocarbon-generating evolution of source rock and oil-source correlations indicated that Shemshak Formation (Jurassic) are effective source rocks.And Qom Formation (Oligocend-Miocene) are potential sources rocks.For the Shemshak Formation,organic matters entered into oil window in the Early Cretaceous,and were evolved into wet gas and condensate zone in about 17 Ma.At the Early Pliocene (about 5 Ma),the rapid subsidence of Qom Basin brought on the over maturation of Shemshak Formation.Study of accumulation conditions showed that Qom Basin was in favor of the formation and development of petroleum system.In Qom Basin,there might be hydrocarbon accumulations with traps formed in Neogene and sourced from Shemshak Formation (and Qom Formation),there also might be accumulations with reservoir rocks and source rocks both were Shemshak Formation.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FAULTS IN THE FUSHAN DEPRESSION OF HAINAN, THE BEIBUWAN BASIN AND THEIR CONTROLLING ROLES TO HYDROCARBON POOL-FORMATION

YU Jun-ji, LUO-Qun, ZHANG Duo-jun, LU ZHENG-huan, PANG Xiong-qi

2004, 26(3): 241-248. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403241

Abstract(859) PDF-CN(557)

Abstract:
The tectonic framework and rifting patterns of the Fushan Depressron in Hainan were controlled by basement major faults.There developed deep and shallow two wets of fault systems with different occurrence and active features.The former was advantageous to hydrocarbon screening and pool formation,and the later resulted in the dispersion of oil and gas and the destruction of hydrocarbon pools.In the Fushan Depression of Hainan,faults of two kinds,four genetic types and eight active models were developed,and basement major faults had important controlling roles to the distribution of bydrocarbon source rocks,the formation of traps and the migration and accumulation of oil and gas.Also,reverse fault screening and consequent fault dredging two kinds including six types of pool-forming models for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation were developed.

HYDROCARBON CHARGING HISTORY AND POOL-FORMING MODEL OF THE ARCHEOZOIC-MESOZOIC METAMORPHIC-VOLCANIC RESERVOIRS, XINGLONGTAI BURIED HILL, LIAOHE BASIN

LUO Jing-lan, LIANG Zhi-gang, WANG Zhuo-zhuo, LIN Ren-zi

2004, 26(3): 249-253. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403249

Abstract(720) PDF-CN(487)

Abstract:
One of the uses of fluid inclusion enclaves analysis in petroleum geology is to utilize inclusion enclaves in diagenic minerals in inferring hydrocarbon migration path,calculating injection time and determin-ing injection direction.The patterns of homogeneous temperature of hydrocarbon inclusion enclaves in the Xinglongtai reservoir,as a whole,are characterized by normal unimodal or asymmetric unimodal distributions,and the major peak temperatures range from 80℃ to 100℃,which reflect that,the hydrocarbon inclusion enclaves in different samples are of the similar formation process.In addition,inclusion homogeneous temperatures in a few wells display a bimodal distribution pattern,which may imply that,there exist at least 2 stages of inclusion formation.Studies on the burial-heat evolution history shows that,hydrocarbon injection period in the Xinglongtai reservoir is 3-35 Ma ago,which can be divided into 2 major stages:27-35Ma and 3-24Ma,and the former is the main hydrocarbon injection stage.Researches also show that,the direction of hydrocarbon injection is from the east to the west.There are 3 pool-forming stages:a)A small amount of hydrocarbon migrates into the embryonic trap in the late Es³,after which the temporary uplift in the end of Es³ results in oxidation for part of the hydrocarbon in the incipient reservoir,forming black asphalt;b)The Es²-Ed stage is the major hydrocarbon accumulation period;c)Hydrocarbon gene-(ration) intensity is relatively weak since the late Tertiary.Hydrocarbon in the reservoir is preserved,which is attributed to the excellent mudstone cap of the overlying Es³⁺⁴.

SCREENED TRAPS DEVELOPED ON THE FOOTWALL OF OVERTHRUST IN THE TARIM BASIN

LÜ Jun-xiang, DING Dao-gui, LIU Guang-xiang

2004, 26(3): 254-257. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403254

Abstract(750) PDF-CN(441)

Abstract:
There are a lot of overthrusts and screened traps developed on footwall of the overthrusts in the Tarim basin as a result of its long existence of compressional stress in the area.Two regimes of overthrust systems were formed during the Hercynian movement in the end of Early Permian and the Himalayan movement in the end of Oligocene respectively.Main hydrocarbon accumulation was happened during the two tectonic movements.The screened traps developed on footwall of overthrust were formed by secondary stress that was formed during the syn-thrusting or post-thrusting.Two walls of an overthrust showed different deformation with the hanging wall belong to allochthonous block and the footwall relatively unmoved and more or less is in situ.Therefore,traps on the foot wall of thrust are more favourable for hydrocarbon preservation.

GEOPHYSICAL STUDY OF SEDIMENTARY CYCLES

LIU Zhen-feng, HAO Tian-yao, FAN Guo-zhang

2004, 26(3): 258-262. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403258

Abstract(791) PDF-CN(438)

Abstract:
Analysis on sedimentary cycles is very important in the academic study of stratigraphy,petroleum exploration and exploitation.The principle used to grade cycles and the anatomy of inner cyclic structure are basic matters in the study of cyclicity.Geophysical data,as the representations of lithology and physical properties,embrace much information related to sedimentary cycles.Using geophysical methods to extract corresponding information will greatly promote the quantitative study of sedimentary cycles.Wave process analysis,spectrum analysis,time-frequency analysis and other geophysical methods have been applied to this field.Practice proves that,geophysics study is an effective means of sedimentary cycles research.

SUBTLE ANALYSIS ON SEISMIC SEQUENCES IN THE THIRD MEMBER OF THE FUNING FORMATION ON THE NORTH SLOPE OF THE QINTONG DEPRESSION, NORTH JIANGSU BASIN

ZHAO Yong-qiang, ZHU Jian-hui, CHENG Xiao-ling, LI Hai-hua, ZHU Hong-fa

2004, 26(3): 263-266. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403263

Abstract(885) PDF-CN(369)

Abstract:
Based on subtle description on the seismic sequence of primary aim layers,this article makes a comprehensive analysis combined with core and log data,and proves reservoir distribution by VoxelGeo technology.Through the sedimentary microfacies translation of seismic facies,plane maps of seismic facies and sedimentary microfacies are worked out.Thus,the spatial distribution of favorable reservoir can be predicted.

PREDICTION OF RESIDUAL OIL DISTRIBUTION IN COMPLEX FAULT-BLOCK DISTRICTS DURING HIGH WATER-BEARING PERIODS

YIN Tai-ju, ZHANG Chang-ming, ZHAO Hong-jing, PENG Hai-jun

2004, 26(3): 267-272. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403267

Abstract(714) PDF-CN(441)

Abstract:
In the characterization of fault-blocked Machang oilfield,nine scale reservoir architectures were founded,of which the fifth and sixth order became the main subjects for characterization in the study.With the fifth order as the mapping unit,the reservoir structural model was established.According to re-servoir heterogeneity,eight types of water injection patterns were identified.The high residual oil areas were determined through injecting-water volume analysis.The residual oil belonged to four patterns as following:oil not controlled by the production well-net,oil remained for architecture element contacting,oil between two injection wells and oil remained for injection interfering.The residual oil appraisal indicated that the reservoirs were well developed,and it is difficult to maintain their production as usual.

GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES ON THE NATURAL GAS FORMATION OF WELL AK1 IN THE TARIM BASIN

LIU Sheng, WANG Dong-liang, WANG Zhao-ming, XIAO Zhong-rao, SU Xue-feng

2004, 26(3): 273-280. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403273

Abstract(660) PDF-CN(407)

Abstract:
The natural gas from well AK1 was analyzed by multipe analytical methods in this paper.At the same time,the thermal-pressure simulation method was introduced to perform a series of gas-producing simulation experiments on many kinds of source rocks,and the simulated gas was compared with the natural gas from well AK1.The results revealed that the natural gas of well AK1 originated from dry gas formed in the postmature stage of the Carboniferous-Permian in the study area.Based on the organic inclusion analysis and the authigenic illite dating and combined with sedimentary and tectonic evolution analy-sis,the authors suggested that the natural gas of well AK1 was a result of late pool formation and staged gas accumulation and mainly congregated gas formed during the end of the Late Tertiary and the Quaternary.This result will be of important directive value for the further exploration of southwest Tarim area.

DISCUSSION ON THE EVALUATION STANDARDS OF CARBONATE SOURCE ROCKS

QIN Jian-zhong, LIU Bao-quan, GUO Jian-ying, LIU Jing-wang, YU Guo-ying, GUO Shu-zhi

2004, 26(3): 281-286. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403281

Abstract(883) PDF-CN(589)

Abstract:
The prescribed minimum of hydrocarbon expulsion of carbonate is measured to be TOC=0.06%-0.12% through simulating tests,and it is considered that its conception and total organic carbon lower limits of carbonate source rocks are different.The former is the origin character of rocks,not a giving standard.The total organic carbon lower limit of carbonate source rocks is a evaluating standard,and its value can be equal to or more than the prescribed minimum of hydrocarbon expulsion of carb(-onate),but not less than that.By means of the research of richness,type,facies and maturity of organic matter in carbonate source rock,the evaluating standards that carbonate had been considered as typeⅠkerogen have been amended as types Ⅰ,Ⅱ₁,Ⅱ₂ kerogen,and carbonate source rock has been divided as four types,that is,very good source rock,good source rock,fair source rock and poor source rock.The total organic carbon lower limits of carbonate source rock is 0.2% to 0.4% in immature and mature stages;and 0.1% to (0.25%) in high mature and past mature stages.

GEOCHEMICAL AND TECTONIC ANALYSIS OF THE MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC HYDROCARBON SOURCE ROCKS IN THE HEFEI BASIN

CAO Gao-she, LIU Zhong-quan, LIU De-liang, ZHOU Song-xing, GAO Yi-jun

2004, 26(3): 287-291. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403287

Abstract(856) PDF-CN(393)

Abstract:
Controlled by multivariate dynamics such as the EW-oriented Tethys tectonic zone and the NNE-oriented West Pacific Ocean border tectonic zone,the Hefei Basin has the following characteristics:multi-period of basin formation,frequent tectonic movement,small scale of sedimentation and extension,and involving superficial tectonic layers only.These features are unfavorable to the formation of Mesozoic and Cenozoic hydrocarbon source rocks and the inversion of organic matter in Hefei Basin.However,the (Paleozoic) should be the focal point for the future exploration.

PETROLEUM CHARACTERS AND FORMATION MECHANISM IN THE DAMINGTUN SAG OF THE LIAOHE BASIN

XIE Wen-yan, JIANG Jian-qun, ZHANG Zhan-wen, QIU Fang

2004, 26(3): 292-297. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403292

Abstract(719) PDF-CN(528)

Abstract:
Oil from Damingtun Sag can be divided into normal oil with waxy content is less than 20% and high waxy oil with wax is more than 20%.Comparing with normal oil,the depositional environment of source rocks of high waxy oil is characterized by poorer shale,higher salty and relative restricted weak reduction water body,and the organic matters are mainly composed of higher plant and lower grade aquatic creatures based on physical nature,sterane and terpene analysis of crude oil.Detail oil-rock correlation shows that high waxy oil originates from "oil shale" of Es⁴⁽²⁾,whereas normal oil sourced from shale of Es⁴⁽¹⁾ and Es³⁽⁴⁾.Formation of high waxy oil is mainly controlled by the organic matter of source rocks and the sedimentary environment.The low thermal condition makes the high waxy oil to be preserved in the sag.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF POOL—FOMING HISTORY—A CASE STUDY OF THE PALEOZOIC IN THE WEN’AN SLOPE OF THE BOHAIWAN BASIN

HOU Chuang-ye, MENG Yuan-lin, LI Chen, FENG Wen-yan, SHAO Xue-jun, YANG Hui, QIN Jian-zhong, NIE Chang-mou

2004, 26(3): 298-302. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403298

Abstract(1088) PDF-CN(465)

Abstract:
A numerical simulation system of pool-forming history was established by modelling the development history of source rocks,reservoirs,cap rocks and traps as well as primary migration,preservation conditions,paleotemperature and pressure.As an example,it was used in the Paleozoic of the Wen'an (Slop,the Bohaiwan Basin.The results showed that the Paleozoic coal-related hydrocarbon pools in the) Wen'an Slope of the Bohaiwan Basin were formed in the two periods.The first was the end of the Meso-zoic,but the formed pools were disrupted by the Yanshanian movement afterwards.And the second was the Palaeogene,which was the major period of pool formation.The formation of hydrocarbon pools in the study area mainly depended on the matching of hydrocarbon-generating history and hydrocarbon-expelling history to trap formation periods and the preservation conditions of hydrocarbon pools after their formation.So the exploration for the Paleozoic original hydrocarbon pools in the Jizhong Depression should be focused on the traps formed in the Himalayan period and situated within and around the secondary hydrocarbon-generating areas.

APPLICATION OF QUASI-ACOUSTIC INVERSION TECHNOLOGY TO RESERVOIR PREDICTION—A CASE STUDY OF THE CRETACEOUS IN SHENGBEI AREA OF THE TAIBEI SAG, THE TUHA BASIN

WANG Yu-xue, TANG Da-zhen, GONG Jian-hua, ZHU You-xin, LI Zhi-jun

2004, 26(3): 303-307. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403303

Abstract(781) PDF-CN(454)

Abstract:
Reservoir quantitative prediction is the key technology of lithologic reservoir prospecting,and seismic inversion is the most important core technique of it.For it,thin layer differentiation,lithologic character recognition and reservoir identification are the most difficult problems.Quasi-acoustilogging-restrained seismic inversion technology is using the reservoir geophysical characters to construct acoustic waves from other logging curves in order to inverse the parameters of reservoirs.The difference between sandstone velocity and mudstone velocity is too weak to predict reservoirs.The quasi-acoustilogging-restrained seismic inversion has been constructed here and got ideal effects in identifying reservoir distribution and thickness.It was indicated that the prediction results were accurate,and this method can be used in the further exploration of the study area.

APPLICATION OF SIMULAION EXPERIMENT TO THE STUDY OF STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION—AN EXAMPLE OF THE ZHUANGXI BURIED HILL

WANG Ying, WANG Ying-min, ZHAO Xi-kui

2004, 26(3): 308-312. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200403308

Abstract(695) PDF-CN(438)

Abstract:
Structure simulation experiment is one of important parts in the study of structures.It has gained many important results in the past decades,but many questions are remained for the research of fold.So it is important to find some means to realize fold simulation.Zhuangxi buried hill is a typical fold in Jiyang depression.On basis of clear understanding of the formation boundary condition and lithological sequences of Zhuangxi buried hill,the experiment materials are elaborately selected.According to similarity criteria,formation of Zhuangxi buried hill was simulated in a designed physical model.After four phases experiments,the result is coincided with the theory analysis and some propositions for structural evolution of complicated buried hill are proved.It provided a good example for fold physical simulation.

2004 Vol. 26, No. 3

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